• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.87-114
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• 1996

This paper is the second part of a research which aims to look into the regional development process and the quality of life of Youngnam area. and to suggest a prospect and tasks for the future development of the region. All cities and regions including Youngnam area seem to be involved in a rapidly changing process of conditions for development, because of a recent economic and political transformation in the national and global scale. It can be thus said that, taking such a process into consideration seriously, each city or region needs to establish a long-term prospect and goal, and to set up and practicize its development plan. From this point of view, this paper reconsiders the changing process of conditions for development of Youngnam region, and suggests an alternative development plan. At the first, the changing conditions of regional development are investigated in economic, political, social, cultural and environmental aspects. Secondly, some actual planning practices in this regions are examined and their problems are pointed out. Thirdly, an alternative model for regional development is suggested and development tasks in each aspects are discussed in relation to each other. Finally some regional development strategies are provided in the spatial as well as the sectoral dimision. As a results of this research, it is argued that the development of Youngnam region should pursue both an improvement of socio-cultural and ecological institutions for ensuring humane life of dwellers within the region, and a enforcement of economic and political self-sufficiency in an organic relation between regions and to the whole society. This kind of argument can be applied to every city or region. But it would more significant for Youngnam region, because this region, which once experienced a rapid economic growth but now is fallen into a serious economic stagnation, tends to contrive material plans to redevelop regional economy, while ignoring social plans to improve quality of life.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.207-220
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• 2008

Tourism in the natural environment grows significantly and in many tropical countries it becomesthe important earning of the nations. Nevertheless, tourism impact to environment and cultural values has become the threats to the sustainability and competitiveness of such industry. Therefore, the appropriate planning and management of tourism destination sites where environmentally and culturally fragile are needed in order to increase economic benefits, sustain local culture and conserve environment in balance. The aims of the paper are to examine tourism practices, to determine socio-cultural and natural resources, and to assess local people perception to cultural landscape and its future tourism development in order to formulate the appropriate strategies to achieve sustainable tourism. A case study was carried out at Tengger highland, Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park(BTSNP) East Java. Official documents were gathered and interviews with several key persons had conducted to determine recent status of tourism, resources capital and the existence of local people. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were carried out at Tenggerese villages to explore local people perspectives to tourism development, culture preservation, and cultural landscape conservation issues. It is followed by descriptive analysis of vegetation to assess the recent status of environments based on vegetation information. Our findings reveals that tourism grows significantly at BTSNP, and Tengger Caldera as spiritual and cultural sites for local people become the centre for tourism activities. The abundance cultural and natural resources are the significant capital for sustainable tourism. Tenggerese argues that tourism should be planned to provide benefits to local people, preserve tradition and able to conserve nature in order to ensure the living sustainability of Tenggerese. The overall result of the study provide general feature of recent status of the cultural and natural resources as well as positive society perception in order to establish a strategy for sustainable tourism in cultural landscape.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

We have witnessed several kinds of new discourses and practices in health and medicine since the 1970s, such as popular concerns with alternative or complementary medicine, inordinate attention to the promotion of 'healthy' living, rapid resurrection of traditional medicine and ecological management of health. Four structural and situational factors are discussed to underlie these new trends：(i) as 'crisis' in health care of the 1970s was translated into health care reform of the 1980s backed up by neo-liberal political philosophy, the state responsibility for nation's health is being transferred to the individual ；(ii) it resulted from the limits of biomedical paradigm in dealing with chronic diseases；(iii) medico-scientific knowledge of disease is transformed into the subjective discourses and technologies of health in postmodern society ； and (iv) it is deeply associated with the considerable increase in environmental risk perception of health and disease. There are some inherent countervailing forces in these new discourses and practices. First, while they derive from lifestyle-oriented behavioral change, medicalization of life and death is still consolidated in the new trends. Second, inasmuch as new tides are reliant upon science, they. are likely to be remote from techne that means not the practical application of theoretical knowing but a special form of practical knowing. Third, as new discourses and activities accomplished＇in the name of health＇increasingly occupy important strategies in forming the self-identity, they serve as moral apparatus which involves prescriptions about how we should live our lives and conduct our bodies, both individually and collectively. Therefore, two points are suggested to consider seriously whether these streams will succeed in improving the‘healthy’living of all the people. Instead of limiting tile perspective to medicine, healing and health care, a new matrix that interweave welfare, ecology and labor along with them is timely needed for enhancing the health for all. In addition, as the World Health Report fm strongly shows, inequality in health heavily depends upon socio-economic development of a society, and it is not the richest countries that have the best health status, but those that have the smallest income differences between rich and poor.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.258-273
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the community development by the community involvement level of the corporate social contribution activities. This study classified Korean company's best social contribution activities according to the community involvement level and the effectiveness of the community development was analyzed on selected case activities. As a result, corporations that working on high level of community involvement show positive effectiveness of community development. Networking and communication with local people on the corporate social contribution activities have an effect on the community development of the economy, safety, convenience, comfortability, socio-cultural factor. It is necessary for the participation and communication with local people to develop corporate social contribution consistently. Furthermore, intermediary organization is needed to be set up various networks of stakeholders, especially community.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.181-187
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• 2016

In this paper, we develop the Women's Information and Communications Technology Development Index (WIDI) framework for the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Member States. While there are a number of global ICT indices, there are no standard global data metrics for ICT gender-related statistics in developing countries. Therefore, this research has been conducted by the Asia Pacific Women's Information. This study referenced some of the major global ICT indices and created a framework that used their basic structure and included the various measurement factors such as socio-cultural factors element and ICT policy for woman. The WIDI framework is supported by a back-end survey that was designed by the research team and reviewed by ASEAN taskforce members. Through WIDI, we can compare ICT development status and gender information gap and measure the national information gap. By presenting the basis for policy decisions on eliminating gender disparitie can help improve the social status of women.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.168-175
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• 2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of organic relations according to the characteristics of space and place in which human activities are spreading. The diffusion of various human experiences and the interaction of space and place that form a mutual construction network create momentum for expanding individual or collective experiences. The space and place that lead to the interactions of human activities are expressed in various ways. Through the domestic travel program especially, the ways of expressing space and place are spreading as various "fields of experience." The composition and the expression system of a travel program is transformed into a subject of thought, not a mere experience of space and place through the formation of a "field of experience" that can be thought out and thought of as an existing travel style. Therefore, in this study, we examine the characteristics of the MBC Plus channel from a socio-cultural perspective, expressed through the experience of space and place characteristics expressed through a travel program. The result of an analysis of story development composition for this study shows that the experience of space and place minimizes the boundaries of various cultural discounts according to their relationships to food and communication. In addition, the analysis results of a three-way communication structure show that the emotional code of the audience is maximized through the process of maximizing the effect of reality, and minimizing the gap between the cultural differences and the boundaries through the empathic situation and the empathic subject.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.85-99
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• 2003

Since the experience of major landscape change during last half of the century due to war and rapid urbanization, the traditional character has been weakened, and it is necessary for a reconsideration to improve the landscape for the future. To review these relationships, the importance of a comprehensive understanding of nature has been suggested. Therefore identification of a new concept based on the 'socio-cultural influence of landscape' and 'sense of place' which are related to peoples' previous experience, is required. Furthermore more practical definitions and criteria to reveal the relationship are necessary. Among the terms suggested to describe sense of place such as 'home', 'place identity', 'place-based meaning' and 'settlement identity' etc., the 'home' is selected to represent our surrounding landscape. For more practical classification of home landscape, additional terms are suggested and defined based on both the relationships between human beings and nature, and between memory derived from previous experience and shared values with in the community. The additional terms which are the most important in the role of landscape character related to humans' are; ⅰ) Personal Landscape: Landscape of an individual human, which derives from previous personal experience; involves distinguishable character for a given person, and it is emotional and flexible depending on circumstances. ⅱ) Ordinary Landscape： Landscape of the 'common interest' between members of a community, which is acceptable as a surrounding for everyday daily life, it produces the richness and variety of landscape. ⅲ) Kernel Landscape： Landscape of the 'common ground' which is acceptable to the majority members of the community, and it provides variety and stability for periods of time, and it could strongly represent community attitudes toward nature. ⅳ) Prototype Landscape: Landscape as the 'common denominator' of overall community from past to present and towards the future, which encompasses all the kernel landscape throughout history. It provides a sense of place, balances the homogeneity of character throughout overall communities. Some part of this can be shared throughout history to shape an overall sense of place. It can also represent short terms fashions. For a prototype landscape to reveal sense of place, there are a couple of points which we should underline the commencing point. Firstly, understanding the relationship between humans and nature should be based on a given character of surroundings. Secondly, reoccurring landscape elements which have sustained in history can lead to sense of place, and should be reviewed the influences between nature and humans.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

As city tourism has recently been evaluated as a major indicator of urban competitiveness, strengthening the role of cities as tourist destinations has received more attention. However, industrialization and urbanization of many cities lead to population decline, extinction of traditional industries, and deterioration of living environments, weakening urban functions and competitiveness. Thus, it is essential for declining cities to build a measure to restore urban competitiveness by enhancing urban functions. Accordingly, this study focused on socio-cultural urban regeneration by exploring physical spaces for tourism destinations in declining cities. Different from general tourist destinations, tourism destinations of urban regeneration have a temporal perspective covering the past, present, and future. How does the temporal perspective of urban regeneration tourist destinations affect tourists' satisfaction and behavioral intention? In order to address these questions, this study conducts an empirical analysis based on structural equation modeling (SEM) using the sample of tourists who have visited urban regeneration tourism destinations. With SEM, this paper investigates structural relationships across variables by testing the hypothesis established in the proposed research model. The results show that precious memories of the past are the most important factor for tourists to visit urban regeneration tourist destinations. The empirical findings of this study will contribute to the research areas of urban tourism, urban regeneration tourism, and urban regeneration tourism destinations. In addition, this study can provide practical implications to develop socio-cultural contents of urban regeneration areas as tourism resources to establish plans for urban regeneration projects and achieve sustainable development strategies.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.513-527
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• 2022

This study was conducted to examining the socio-cultural impact of the COVID-19 pandemic that swept the world around 2020, and the transformation of norms and social problems due to COVID-19. For this, the characteristics of changes in the socio-cultural norms of the 14th century European Black Death, a representative example of the pandemic, were derived, and based on this, the COVID-19 pandemic was analyzed. The Black Death served as an opportunity to change social norms based on the existing religious authority and the power of the feudal system to the Enlightenment. The population declination and labor shortage also promoted commercialization and mechanization. Printing, which spread during this period, led to the popularization of knowledge, which raised the level of thinking and led to epochal scientific development. This became the foundation of the Industrial Revolution. Like the recent Black Death, COVID-19 has triggered changes in social norms. The technological environment of metaverse, a mixture of virtual and reality, has changed the norm of a consistent identity into free and open identities exerting various potentials through alternate characters. In addition, meme, which are about people being friendly to those with the same worldview as him on the metaverse, weakened the sense of isolation in non-face-to-face situations. Artificial intelligence (AI), which developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, has entered the stage of being used for creative activities beyond the function of assisting humans. Discussions were held on what new social problems would be created by the social norms changed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.709-724
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• 2012

This study examined the characteristics of costumes worn at Halloween parties, a form of cultural entertainment commonly seen in the U.S. The Halloween party culture involves children and adolescents wearing costumes, decorating their bodies, and mimicking famous characters. Furthermore, the types and motifs of Halloween costumes have become a means of expressing individuality. This study conducted empirical research on how such motifs were reflected in modern Halloween party-wear in order to provide basic data regarding the development and design of Halloween costumes and the formation of the related entertainment culture. This study researched the shape of costumes and the type of traditional motif presented in these costumes, as well as analyzed the symbolic meaning of each motif. The research process was as follows. First, this study investigated the origin and evolution of Halloween by researching precedent studies, books, and internet data. Second, this study extracted the types of traditional Halloween motifs by analyzing the characteristics and symbols of Halloween costumes commonly presented in such materials. After collecting 547 Halloween-related images from U.S. and Korean Internet websites, this study sorted and analyzed images that could represent traditional Halloween motifs. According to the results, representative traditional Halloween motifs included black cats, white rabbits, tridents, scarecrows, skull and bones, ghosts, witches, vampires, bats, werewolves, and jack-o-lanterns(pumpkins, etc.). The sentiments for such traditional Halloween motifs changed according to era and race. The symbolic meaning would continuously change - from positive to negative and vice versa - to reflect various socio-cultural phenomena. The results of this study are expected to be used as basic data for developing Halloween costume designs and the related entertainment culture.