• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.83-100
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• 2007

It is the aim of present paper to examine the effects of experienced violence and observed violence in original family on adaptation in college students. In addition, the degree of contribution of two types of aggression in family were examined. Participants were 220 college students. Among them, those who have experienced violence from mother are 60.3%. And 52.3% reported violence from father. Those who have observed their parents violent behavior are 28.8%. These childhood 'experienced violence' and 'observed violence' was significantly associated early adulthood adaptation. But its effect is dependent on participant's sex. Experienced violence from mother is positively related to confidence in scholastic achievement in female. Experienced violence from father is positively related to trumatic symptoms and trait anxiety in male. On the other hand, observed violence showed significant relationship with traumatic symptoms, impulsivity, depression, self-esteem and trait anxiety. Most importantly, multiple regression analysis showed observed violence explains early adulthood adaptation more significantly than experienced violence. The discussion addressed implications of the findings for future research and for clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.115-136
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• 2007

A trustworthy counseling relationship is an important variable for an effective counseling progression and counseling goal achieving. This study was designed to examine effects of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and counselor perception on working alliance. Objects of this study were clients in university counseling centers, counseling centers for adolescents and private counseling institutes. Clients were asked to answer an ambivalence over emotional expressiveness questionnaire, a counselor perception questionnaire and a working alliance questionnaire. Total 97 cases were collected and the data was analysed by multiple regression method. The results were as followed; ambivalence over emotional expressiveness was not significantly related to working alliance. However, counselor perception was significantly related to working alliance. That is, the more positively counselors were perceived, the better working alliance was. Effects of counselor perception's sub-factors on working alliance were also found; attractiveness was significantly related to working alliance but trustworthiness and expertness were not. An interaction of ambivalence over emotional expressiveness and counselor perception on working alliance was also significant. As for those clients who were high at the ambivalence over emotional expressiveness, working alliance was increased in case they had positive counselor perception. In conclusion, it is not personality factors but that counselor perception that makes the difference in working alliance

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.55-76
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• 2007

This study investigated the relationship between emotional contagion and altruistic behaviors and also examined the moderating effect of self-construals(independent and interdependent self) in this relationship. It was hypothesized that the emotional expression of people in need would be caught by others through automatic mimicry, that emotional information would be internalized through the facial-feedback process and that the transferred emotion would eventually result in a motive to call for altruistic behaviors. In Study 1, participants watched a video clip about a disabled student reporting difficulties in school life but showing facial expression opposite to the contents of message to separate emotional contagion and empathy. Participants' decision to participate in voluntary works for the disabled student was measured. As a result, it was found that the more participants experienced emotional contagion, the more they participated in altruistic behaviors. Study 2 measured the vulnerability to emotional contagion, actual experiences of altruistic behaviors, and self-construals. The results of hierarchical regression showed that interdependent self moderated the influence of emotional contagion on altruistic behaviors whereas independent self moderated the relationship in an opposite direction. The implications of emotion and altruistic behaviors in human evolution process are discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.41-59
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• 2002

The present study explored the major behavior patterns of drivers and the environmental settings having an effect on traffic accident using the data collected from drivers and traffic police. Drivers and traffic police read questionnaire which contain the passible causes of traffic accident and selected the major causes on the basis of their latest accidents. Unexperienced drivers were forced to answer the questionnaire by referring to their friends and neighborhoods. The results showed that the major causes of traffic accident were connected with the driver's factors. The most important cause of traffic accidents was inattention/incautiousness. The next were lack of competence, skill, and experience. One interesting fact was that drivers and traffic police attributed differently. Drivers pointed out the lack of ability coping with an emergency and the insufficient skill of defensive driving as causes of the traffic accident. On the other hand, traffic polices indicated the intentional violations such as the disregard for traffic rules, trespassing on the central line of the roadway, speed limit violation, and breaking into the vehicle's line. The implications for appling the this results to driver education institutions were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-79
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• 2006

This study is interested in aberrant driver behaviour. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of error and lapse on driving behaviour of elderly drivers. In order to estimate the errors and lapses, 'Driver Behaviour Questionnaire(DBQ) was used and tested with 883 drivers. Among them 175 of young drivers(younger than 25) and 150 of elderly drivers(older than 65) answered their driving patterns; driving history, annual mileage, the frequency of committing traffic violation, and experience of accident within 5 years. Elderly driver's data were collected by face to face interview. The factors of aberrant driver behaviour were analyzed and the DBQ score was compared by the age. The aberrant driver behaviour was consisted of 3 factors; violations, errors and lapses. Elderly driver's DBQ score was lower than young driver's. Elderly and young drivers showed longer driving history. were in low DBQ score group. Elderly drivers had high error score and young drivers had high violation score. Young driver's aberrant driving behaviour was associated with annual mileage, the frequency of committing traffic violation. Elderly driver's aberrant driving behaviour was associated with annual mileage, experience of accident. Specially elderly drivers, whose violation, error, lapse score was high answered more committing experience of accident within 5 years.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.537-567
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• 2023

This study compared the nature of disgust caused by the crime scene with that by the stereotype of the sexual-minority defendant, and compared the effect of each type of disgust on evidence evaluation and legal judgment. A total of 600 participants (300 men, average age of 44.40) were randomly assigned to sources of disgust (crime scene, sexual minorities defendant, control condition), the existence of additional evidence of innocence (o/x), and the existence of judicial directives (o/x). As a result of the study, disgust under the condition of a cruel crime scene with strong physical disgust was significantly higher than that of the sexual minority defendant, interpreted the evidence in a more guilty direction, and was more prone to_evaluate that the defendant was guilty. It is noteworthy that evidence evaluation was a significant moderating variable between disgust and probability of guilt under conditions where the source of disgust was a sexual minority, but not under control conditions and crime scene condition. It means that the effect of disgust on legal judgment may not be direct when the defendant is a sexual minority. In addition, the existence of the judicial instruction had a significant inverse effect on the sentence. And simple effect analysis found that presenting judicial instruction lowered probability of guilt only under the control condition. This makes it reasonable to infer that disgust derived from the characteristics of the crime scene and the defendant can be recognized as integral emotions that are difficult to correct with instructions. Finally, pity for the defendant was significantly higher under the conditions of sexual minority which shows that an emotional response of sympathy may occur in addition to disgust for sexual minorities. After examining the nature of disgust (physical & moral), legal judgment according to the source and degree of disgust was reviewed. In addition, the meaning of disgust and sympathy for the sexual minority defendant was discussed.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.79
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• pp.165-195
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• 2016

This paper aims to examine the third-person effect(TPE) of hate comments on online news, and analyze how the issue-relevant audience factors as well as the characteristics of the online message have influence on the TPE. More specifically, based on the distinction between hateful and logical comments regarding the issue of illegal immigration, the authors have conducted an online experiment that compares how the message-related features, i.e., ways of expressing the ideas, lead to the difference in TPE. Analysis was also conducted with regards to how political orientation and discriminatory predisposition to immigrants among the audiences, have different impacts on the TPE. The 479 participants in the experiments were randomly assigned to experimental group(exposed to hate comments) or control group(exposed to logical comments). The results reveal that the TPE of hate comments is higher than that of logical message. The same message proved to be more effective for news users with liberal orientation and discriminatory predisposition. The significance of this paper lies in that it has examined the effect of online hate comments in a rigorous experimental setting. Also the research further elaborated on the audience-related variables, for which the previous studies tended to focus those on the general psychological level rather than relate them more specifically to the issues.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 1999

Objectives: Patients with premenstrual dysphoric disorder(or PMDD) have impairments of the social, occupational or academic function due to psychological or somatic symptoms, which have the characteristic pattern of symptom exacerbation in the week before menses begin and remission shortly after the onset of menses. In the chronobiological view, many researchers have assumed that the etiology of PMDD is the advanced circadian rhythm. It has been suggested that light has a therapeutic effect on PMDD, because evening light results in phase delay of circadian rhythm through the biochemical changes including melatonin. Methods: The authors investigated the therapeutic effect of light therapy on four patients with prospectively diagnosed PMDD by DSM-IV criteria using clinical psychiatric interview, Premenstrual Assessment Form(PAF) and Daily Rating Form(or DRF). In the evening(6:30pm-8:00pm), the 2,500 lux light administered for seven consecutive days during the symptomatic late luteal phase of menstrual cycle. Beck Depression Inventory(or BDI), Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression(or HAM-D), Spielberg State Anxiety Inventory(or SA), and DRF were evaluated before and after seven days of light therapy. Results: Premenstrual symptoms of PMDD could be effectively treated with the evening bright light therapy, especially in PMDD patients with atypical symptoms. In addition, the light therapy seemed to more effective on the psychologic symptoms than the somatic symptoms of PMDD. There was no significant side-effect of light therapy, except the transient and mild eye-strain in one case. Conclusions: In spite of the results of limited data from our clinical trial, the authors suggest that the potential use of light therapy as an alternative to the pharmacological management of patients with PMDD.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to prepare basic data to set the support direction for low-income households in a socioeconomic crisis situation. The study examined the effect of socioeconomic deprivation experience on the longitudinal changes in family conflict and family relationship satisfaction of low-income households. Using five-year data from the 10th to 14th sessions of the Korean Welfare Panel, we examined the longitudinal changes in family conflict and family relationship satisfaction, and the effect of socioeconomic deprivation experience from the reponses of 803 low-income households. We found that the family conflict of low-income households decreased to a weak level with the change of time, and the rate of change in family relationship satisfaction was not meaningful. In the case of families who experienced early socioeconomic deprivation, their initial value of family conflict was higher than that of inexperienced households, and the rate of change was not significant. The results of this study show that when low-income households experience socioeconomic deprivation, they feel psychological pressure and an increase in family anxiety, resulting in high family conflict and low family relationship satisfaction. On the basis of the study results, we recommend extending economic and social assistance to low-income households in the current socioeconomic crisis. The state is also encouraged to help families manage conflicts on their own and resolve problems.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.101-116
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• 2009

With increasing elderly living with diabetes, health professionals have focused on the relations between behaviors improving health status and life satisfaction. This research attempts to explain the influence of the health promotion behaviors on the life satisfaction of the elderly with diabetes. Also, we are focusing whether there is a mediating effect of depression between health promotion behaviors and life satisfaction of the elderly with diabetes. 685 persons with diabetes over 60 years of age were selected from the data of KLoSA (Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing), administered by The National Institute of Labor in 2006. Life satisfaction was measured by 5 items: health status, economic status, relationship with a spouse, relationship with children, and the quality of life. Health promotion behaviors were measured by 4 items: regular diet, exercise, smoking, and drinking. The mediating variable is the depression measured by CES-D10. As the method of analysis, the multiple regressions were used with SPSS 12.0. The result of the study shows that the health promotion behaviors have a positive influence on life satisfaction and a negative influence on depression. It was also verified that the depression variable has a partial mediating effect between health promotion behaviors and life satisfaction. These results present the importance of integrated (physical, psychological, and social) approach for the health promotion experts intervening with the elderly with diabetes.