• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.549-558
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• 2014

Occurrence frequency of flood and drought tends to increase in last a few decades, leading to social and economic damage since the abnormality of climate changes is one of the causes for hydrologic facilities by exceedance its designed tolerance. Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was used in the study to estimate temporal variance of groundwater recharge and baseflow. It was limited to consider recession curve coefficients in SWAT model calibration process, thus the recession curve coefficient was estimated by the Baseflow Filter Program (BFLOW) before SWAT model calibration. Precipitation data were estimated for 2014 to 2100 using three models which are GFDL-ESM2G, IPSL-CM5A-LR, and MIROC-ESM with Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) scenario. SWAT model was calibrated for the Soyang watershed with NSE of 0.83, and $R^2$ of 0.89. The percentage to precipitation of groundwater recharge and baseflow were 27.6% and 17.1% respectively in 2009. Streamflow, groundwater recharge, and baseflow were estimated to be increased with the estimated precipitation data. GFDL-ESM2g model provided the most large precipitation data in the 2025s, and IPSL-CM5A-LR provided the most large precipitation data in the 2055s and 2085s. Overall, groundwater recharge and baseflow displayed similar trend to the estimated precipitation data.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.5
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• pp.331-344
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• 2008

Recently, the FDA (Food and Drug Administration) of the United States and many advanced countries remark biomarkers and surrogate endpoints as a critical path tool on model based drug development. Economic, technical and social profit on model based drug development like a reduction of the length of research and development have been achieved. Therefore we summarize previous studies about biomarkers and surrogate endpoints and suggest a development direction of therapeutic agents. In diabetes mellitus (DM) and osteoporosis, there are remarkable increases in number of patients and most of patients take medicine during their whole lifetime. For this reason, many patients with DM and osteoporosis have a tolerance on their medicine. We expect that research and development on biomarkers and surrogate endpoints will contribute to new drug development on DM and osteoporosis. Biomarkers for DM are blood levels of glucose, insulin, ${HbA}_{1c}$, CRP, alpha-glucosidase, adiponectin and DPP-4. Among these, validated surrogate endpoints for DM are blood levels of glucose, insulin and ${HbA}_{1c}$ Biomarkers for osteoporosis are BMD, BMC, trabecular volume, ICTP, DPD, osteocalcin, the activity of osteoclast and production of osteoblast. The validated surrogate endpoints for osteoporosis are BMD only. This review summarizes all suggested biomarkers and surrogate endpoints in DM and osteoporosis. The biomarkers are classified by drugs, and the method of validation for surrogate endpoints is suggested. This information would contribute to suggest a direction of DM and osteoporosis therapeutic agent development.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.109-119
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• 2015

The interaction between wireless sensors such as Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud is a new paradigm of communication virtualization to overcome resource and efficiency restriction. Cloud computing provides unlimited platform, resources, services and also covers almost every area of computing. On the other hand, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) has gained attention for their potential supports and attractive solutions such as IoT, environment monitoring, healthcare, military, critical infrastructure monitoring, home and industrial automation, transportation, business, etc. Besides, our virtual groups and social networks are in main role of information sharing. However, this sensor network lacks resource, storage capacity and computational power along with extensibility, fault-tolerance, reliability and openness. These data are not available to community groups or cloud environment for general purpose research or utilization yet. If we reduce the gap between real and virtual world by adding this WSN driven data to cloud environment and virtual communities, then it can gain a remarkable attention from all over, along with giving us the benefit in various sectors. We have proposed a Pub/Sub-based sensor virtualization framework Cloud environment. This integration provides resource, service, and storage with sensor driven data to the community. We have virtualized physical sensors as virtual sensors on cloud computing, while this middleware and virtual sensors are provisioned automatically to end users whenever they required. Our architecture provides service to end users without being concerned about its implementation details. Furthermore, we have proposed an efficient content-based event matching algorithm to analyze subscriptions and to publish proper contents in a cost-effective manner. We have evaluated our algorithm which shows better performance while comparing to that of previously proposed algorithms.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.65-85
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• 1992

To study the personality characteristics of alcoholic patients, they were screned with the MAST(Michigan Alcoholism Screening Test) and administered with the MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) in the Dept. of Neuropsychiatry, Oriental Medical Hospital in Kyung Hee Univ. form March 1991 to June 1991. Patients admitted for alcoholism were examined and analyzed using the above tests and then studied by Sasang Constitutional approach. Results were as follows; 1. In the MAST score, the cases of obvious alcohol dependence was 53.3% and overall mean score was 28.1 point. 2. In the MMPI scale, the mean of the T-scores for 2(D)-4(Pd) profile was high, but it was not statistically significant. 3. The results obtained by multivariate cluster analysis of MMPI T-scores can be divided into 3 subgroups; 1) 9% showed the psychiatric tendency of F-6(Pa)-9(Ma)profile, 2) 44.2% showed no significant profile, 3)46.5% showed the neurotic tendency of 1(Hs)-2(D)-3(Hy)-4(Pd) profile. 4. Since 44.2% showed no significant profile on the MMPI, much more alcoholic patients were caused not by personality factors but by social tolerance, and also by increasing apportunities of drinking in Korean society. 5. When analyzed with Sasang Constituional approach, 1) for the Soyangin (少陽人): 6(Pa) scale was particularly high, 1(Hs) and 3(Hy) scales were low compared to others, 2) for the Taiumin(太陰人): 1(Hs)-2(D)-3(Hy)-4(Pd) neurotic profile was high, the K-scale and 4(Pd)scale were high compared to the Soyangin, 3) for the Soumin(少陰人): 1(Hs)-2(D)-3(Hy)-4(Pd) neurotic profile and 7(Pt) scale were also high.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.554-560
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• 2022

Background Hypertrophic scars cause aesthetic concerns and negatively affect the quality of life. A gold standard treatment for hypertrophic scars has not been established due to various responses of modalities. Extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) is a noninvasive and affects scar remodeling by fibroblast regulation. This study investigated the effectiveness of ESWT for hypertrophic scars. Methods Twenty-nine patients were enrolled. All patients underwent ESWT once a week for 6 consecutive weeks. Their scars were assessed using the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale (POSAS), erythema index, melanin index, and scar pliability before treatment and again 4 weeks after treatment completion. Results Thirty-four hypertrophic scars in this study had persisted for between 6 months and 30 years. Most scars developed after surgical incision (55.88%). The chest and upper extremities were the predominant areas of occurrence (35.29% each). Most of the POSAS subscales and total scores were significantly improved 4 weeks after treatment (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the pain, itching, and pigmentation subscale were improved. The pliability, melanin index, and erythema index were also improved, but without significance. The patients were satisfied with the results and symptoms alleviation, although subjective score changes were insignificant. No serious adverse events were found. The patients reported pruritus in 62.5% and good pain tolerance in 37.5%. Subgroup analyses found no differences in scar etiologies or properties at different parts of the body. Conclusion The ESWT is a modality for hypertrophic scar treatment with promising results. Most of POSAS subscales were significantly improved.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.151-159
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• 2022

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationships between fear of missing out, addictive tendencies toward social network services (SNSs), and depression in colleges. Methods : The target subjects were students in colleges across gyeongnam & busan, to whom the purpose of the study was explained and who spontaneously agreed to participate. A survey was conducted with 302 participants over 31 days from March 7, 2022, and data from 299 responses was analyzed. Results : 1. Women felt a higher fear of missing out than men. 2. Women showed greater inability to control their use of SNSs, more SNS-related disorders in daily life, and greater immersion in and tolerance of SNSs when compared to men. 3. Women were more depressed than men. 4. Positive correlations were observed between the fear of missing out and SNS-addictive tendencies, between the fear of missing out and depression, and between SNS-addictive tendencies and depression. Conclusion : A comprehensive review of these findings suggests that women had overall higher levels of isolation fear, SNS-addictive tendencies, and depression than men. Based on this, universities should provide gender-specific educational programs around these issues; this student cohort will ultimately work in healthcare, and this kind of awareness will be essential for treating patients. Considering that the current situation poses unusual challenges due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the study's results can serve as basic data for planning educational programs in the future. Over the coming years, comprehensive and continuous education and counselling relating to the fear of missing out, SNS addiction, and depression will be urgently required.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.105-116
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• 1974

This study was made on patients who were Hospitalized due to sickness caused by the abuse of marihuana at the Psychiatric Section of a hospital during the period from Feb. to Oct., 1974. The following conclusion was obtained by reviewing the literature with respect to the nursing, and problem solving of those patients. 1. It appears that marihuana is a comparatively mild intoxicant in ordinary preparation without causing physical dependence or tolerance. 2. According to the status of men who are marihuana smokers, approximately 20% of them were college students, those preparing to retake college entrance examinations, non-employed and pharmacists. The men belong mostly to the middle foreigner′s mistress of higher, income bracket, and in the case of women, most of the smokers were US. servicemen entertainers. 3. Dynamic developmental factors: Case 1. : The patient had a characteristic, hysterical and emotionally unitable character, and was of low intelligence, In addition, to this already existing problem, the added uses of marihuana caused a mental illness to develope. Case 2 : The character, was reserved and introspective, her creative power and sentiment was fading and his ability of self-control was weakened. She used the smoking of marihuana to get rid of her own feeling of inferiority complex and tensions coming from interpersonal relationships. Case 3 : The patient was unconditionally resistive to the authoritativeness of superiors and irresponsible in his relationship with women, in his attitude concerning sex in general. He smoked marihuana because he felt become peace-loving and get enchanted experience through smoking it. 4. The points of issue appearing from the above case; (1) Movement of anti-social feelings against the "established system" by the youngsters. (2) Family problem. (3) Shamelessness, loss of motivation, disorderly attitude toward the sex, (4) Worries concerning the future. (5) Lack of knowledge concerning smoking of cigarette and marihuana. Chronic use of marihuana made, those youngman who had originally been ambitions to achieve something in life, lazy, inefficient, unable to make long-term plans, are such weak mined persons that they did not try to overcome problems when encountered. This will pose a great and important question in the mental health of the society, 5. Treatment and Problem sieving According to the literature, we will have to place importance upon hospitalized treatment The phases of treatment were divided into five parts. (1) Prehospital phase (2) Withdrawal Phase (3) Rehabilitation phase (4) Transitional phase (5) After-care phase The experiments have proved that there was much progress in the recovery of patients through environment therapy, supportive therapy and group psychotherapy. This was the above mentioned 5 phases of treating process in accordance with the weekly schedule of the hospital. It was thought that the patients would require prolonged after care management even after they were released from the hospital and that they will also require periodic visit, to the hospital and doctor′s interview with their family. In conclusion, the question of the young generation and marihuana smoking is becoming a great social problem in which their resistances to the "established system" and society is growing in the from of antiestablishment movements. In our country, the smoking of marihuana is gradually developing, therefore, I think, that it would be a very fortunate thing for us, if this report could be helpful for the motivation of further study on the questions of the young generation and its problems.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-39
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• 2011

As recent inflows of foreign immigrants to relatively advanced countries in Northeast Asia have rapidly increased, Japan in particular uses 'multicultural coexistance' as a key concept for developing both discourse and policies on them. This paper is first of all to suggest a new typology of multicultural societies in the world ill order to differentiate the case of Northeast Asian countries from those of Western countries. And this paper is to suggest that foreign immigrants in Japan have different positions in labor markets and living experiences according to historical and social backgrounds as well as their nationality. The transformation process towards multicultural society is not only historical and social but also geographical and spatial, as foreign immigrants have made different spatial distribution and regional segregation in types. In order to control this socio-spatial process towards multicultural society, Japan has developed the concept of 'multicultural coexistence' similar with that of multiculturalism in Western countries. This concept seems to be quite significant as it has been initiated by local communities for symbiotic relationship between foreign immigrants and native Japanese dwellers. But it can be regarded as a strategic ideology to control foreign immigrants as it targets mainly on Nikkeijin, and is usually concerned with the cultural aspect. Seen from a theoretical point of view, this concept can be seen as closed with liberal multiculturalism as opportunity equity, but far from corporative multiculturalism as outcome equity, and it is on the process transferring from the first stage of tolerance to the second stage of legislation of nondiscrimination, while being distant from the third stage of legislation paradigmization of recognition, and hence appears to be easily reverted to assimilationism.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.235-252
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• 2015

The Korean government is building a virtuous cycle of startups and venture businesses for a dynamic, innovative economy. This ecosystem is made possible when a social environment that embraces tolerance and turn business failure into re-startups and challenging venture startups by outstanding entrepreneurs are present. Due to the government's efforts to promote start-ups and venture businesses, their number has been increasing annually, but the efforts to create a social environment for re-startups and establish a relevant institution have recently started. This study is aimed at providing policy direction for re-startups by getting policy implications after identifying the current status of domestic failed businessmen' re-startups based on previous researches on failed businessmen. This study also reviewed advanced nations' cases and made international comparison of re-startup policies. Before the startup culture that recognizes failure as the stage for success is formed as in the U.S., it is necessary to create a legal basis for continuously pushing for the rechallenge policy of EU's Small Business Act and establish and operate the private sector-driven revitalization council of SMEs in Japan. It is also necessary to consider the guarantee of failed businessmen' livelihood. If additional research and government policies are added to the conclusions made on the policy implications, this research will provide an in-depth insight for revitalizing domestic re-startup.

• Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.171-197
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to examine empirically how the lay people judge self-defense and what factors could affect it. A total of 651 participants aged 20 years and over were asked to answer, attitude toward interpersonal violence, and legal attitude questionnaire, all divided by the type of self-defense. Participants were assigned one of the three types of situations that were claimed to be self-defense, and were given articles and scenarios related to each type of self-defense before making self-defense judgments. In addition, the impact of personal factors on self-defense judgment was analyzed after the legal attitude, and the attitude toward interpersonal violence, which are personal factors, was also measured. The results showed that the rate of recognition of self-defense was the highest in the type of self-defense for oneself, but the rate of denial of self-defense against state agencies was much higher, indicating the opposite. Furthemore, negative articles on self-defense were found to affect the judgment of self-defense. In addition, it was found that the level of the attitude toward interpersonal violence and legal attitude of individual participants could affect the judgment of self-defense. The general public's judgment process and the factors that affect self-defense judgment may be considered to prevent biased judgment in actual jury trials. Finally, influence, and limitations of this study and suggestions of subsequent study were also discussed.