• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.127-137
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• 1998

The authors surveyed extrafamilial sexual abuse in the children under 15years old by the physician's reports. We sent the semi-structured child sexual abuse questionnaires to 7055 board certified pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, family medicine and emergency medicine. Total respondents were 1205. The results from these respondents were as followings. 1) The number of respondents who have had the experience of treating victims of extraf/amilial child sexual abuse were 641(53.2% of total respondents). 2) 338(52.7%) of the perpetrators were known persons and 277(43.2%) were strangers, the most common age bracket were 20s, 30s and 10s, and almost all(99.8%) of the perpetrators were male. 3) The mean age of victims was $9.7{\pm}3.5$ years old, and almost all(98.6%) of the victims were female. 4) The ways by which extrafamilial child sexual abuses were found were victim’s own reports：273(62.6%), pain complaint, 156(24.3%) and abnormal behavior 96(15.0%), other person’s report 72(11.2%), detection during examination 19(3.0%), and pregnancy 4(0.6%). 5) Time lags between extrafamilial child sexual abuses and hospital visits were within 24 hours 332 (51.8%) and from 1 day to 1 week 232(36.2%), victims were rather quickly 6) Physical complications were perineal wound 571(89.1%), hymen rupture 349(54.4%), wound of other part of body 124(19.3%), pregnancy 37(5.8%), and sexually transmitted disease 18(2.8%), and other serious complications such as vaginal-rectal lacerations 8, intastinal bleeding 7, death 2, hypotensive shock 1. These results suggest considerable numbers of physicians have had the experience of treating victims of extrafamilial child sexual abuses, and extrafamilial child sexual abuses are the major medical as well as social issue in children in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.63-83
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• 2008

Objectives: This study was to examine HIV/AIDS knowledge of transmission, attitudes toward homosexuals on stigma of HIV/AIDS and discriminatory attitudes towards person with HIV/AIDS (PWHAs) by middle and high school students in Seoul, Korea. Methods: The population of this study is middle and high school students in Seoul, Korea. Eight junior high schools and eight senior high schools were selected randomly. Three thousand and one hundred thirty-one students (1704 males and 1397 males) from 16 schools participated in the survey, and 2.977 cases were analyzed. A self-administered questionnaire measuring socio-demographic variables, HIV/AIDS knowledge of transmission, sigma of HIV/AIDS (3 items, 5-point Likert-type scale) and discriminatory attitudes PWHAs (5 items, 5-point Likert-type scale) was utilized. The Structural Equation Modeling was employed to investigate the research Model. Results: The empirical study shows that a number of statistical hypotheses are significant. The stigma and discriminatory attitudes PWHAs were significantly different by middle and high school students. The attitudes toward homosexuals and HIV/AIDS knowledge of transmission were important factors on stigma and discriminatory attitudes PWHAs. Socio-demographical variables such as sex was related to the stigma and discriminatory attitudes PWHAs. Conclusion: Therefore, it is important to design HIV prevention strategies that increase in positive attitudes towards PWHAs.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.107-119
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of oral health behavior by oral health belief from the students in the dental hygienics department who take charge of oral health office, and therefore to lead a clear oral health care, to complete desirable oral health belief, and finally to utilize them for oral health field. The survey was conducted using structured self-administered questionnaires based on oral health belief model targeting 163 students in the dental hygienics department of one of the college in Seoul, and collected data were statistically analyzed using the SPSS 18.0 program. As a result of analysis to determine that the oral health belief significantly affects on the oral heal behavior, the personal variables such as age, economic status and occupation, and the seriousness for the oral health belief were indicated to be significant variables(p<0.05), and as a result of analysis that effects on the number of the oral health behavior, the susceptibility and the seriousness were indicated to be significant variables for oral health belief(P<0.05). As a conclusion, oral health belief was identified as a factor of salience through understanding that oral health belief of the students in the dental hygienics department effects on oral health behavior based on an oral health belief model, and it can be concluded that the necessity of oral health belief investigation should be discussed as a crucial issue to provide a more effective oral health promotion plan.

• Korean Journal of Hospice Care
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.46-69
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• 2001

Hospice Care is the best way to care for terminally ill patients and their family members. However most of them can not receive the appropriate hospice service because the Korean health delivery system is mainly be focussed on acutly ill patients. This study was carried out to clarify the situation of hospice in Korea and to develop a hospice care delivery system model which is appropriate in the Korean context. The theoretical framework of this study that hospice care delivery system is composed of hospice resources with personnel, facilities, etc., government and non-government hospice organization, hospice finances, hospice management and hospice delivery, was taken from the Health Delivery System of WHO(1984). Data was obtained through data analysis of litreature, interview, questionairs, visiting and Delphi Technique, from October 1998 to April 1999 involving 56 hospices, 1 hospice research center, 3 non-government hospice organizations, 20 experts who have had hospice experience for more than 3 years(mean is 9 years and 5 months) and officials or members of 3 non-government hospice organizations. There are 61 hospices in Korea. Even though hospice personnel have tried to study and to provide qualified hospice serices, there is nor any formal hospice linkage or network in Korea. This is the result of this survey made to clarify the situation of Korean hospice. Results of the study by Delphi Technique were as follows: 1.Hospice Resources: Key hospice personnel were found to be hospice coordinator, doctor, nurse, clergy, social worker, volunteers. Necessary qualifications for all personnel was that they conditions were resulted as have good health, receive hospice education and have communication skills. Education for hospice personnel is divided into (i)basic training and (ii)special education, e.g. palliative medicine course for hospice specialist or palliative care course in master degree for hospice nurse specialist. Hospice facilities could be developed by adding a living room, a space for family members, a prayer room, a church, an interview room, a kitchen, a dining room, a bath facility, a hall for music, art or work therapy, volunteers' room, garden, etc. to hospital facilities. 2.Hospice Organization: Whilst there are three non-government hospice organizations active at present, in the near future an hospice officer in the Health&Welfare Ministry plus a government Hospice body are necessary. However a non-government council to further integrate hospice development is also strongly recommended. 3.Hospice Finances: A New insurance standards, I.e. the charge for hospice care services, public information and tax reduction for donations were found suggested as methods to rise the hospice budget. 4.Hospice Management: Two divisions of hospice management/care were considered to be necessary in future. The role of the hospice officer in the Health & Welfare Ministry would be quality control of hospice teams and facilities involved/associated with hospice insurance standards. New non-government integrating councils role supporting the development of hospice care, not insurance covered. 5.Hospice delivery: Linkage&networking between hospice facilities and first, second, third level medical institutions are needed in order to provide varied and continous hospice care. Hospice Acts need to be established within the limits of medical law with regards to standards for professional staff members, educational programs, etc. The results of this study could be utilizes towards the development to two hospice care delivery system models, A and B. Model A is based on the hospital, especially the hospice unit, because in this setting is more easily available the new medical insurance for hospice care. Therefore a hospice team is organized in the hospital and may operate in the hospice unit and in the home hospice care service. After Model A is set up and operating, Model B will be the next stage, in which medical insurance cover will be extended to home hospice care service. This model(B) is also based on the hospital, but the focus of the hospital hospice unit will be moved to home hospice care which is connected by local physicians, national public health centers, community parties as like churches or volunteer groups. Model B will contribute to the care of terminally ill patients and their family members and also assist hospital administrators in cost-effectiveness.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2006

In parallel with social and economic progress, motives of patients to consult dentists have increased and diversified. An increasing number of people visit dental clinics to improve their facial appearance and masticating functions deteriorated largely due to malocclusion. There is also greater interest in and concern as well as demand for teeth alignment treatment among people. Under this situation, it is required to find and suggest ways to enhance quality and profitability of dental care in view of managerial needs for dentists to cope with changing circumstances. This study, thus, aims to measure satisfactions of orthodontics patients and to determine the elements influencing their satisfactions. For this aim, a survey was performed for 20 days from March 7th to 26th, 2005 by means of questionnaires distributed to randomly selected samples, resulting in following conclusions: 1. From comparison of satisfactions with dental service by their elements, higher satisfaction was reported from orthodontics patients in the element of dental hygienists(4.21). Least satisfaction, however, was found in the procedure for treatment and waiting hours(3.73). 2. By gender, male orthodontics patients turned out to be more satisfactory with dental service than females. In terms of intention for return visits, both male and female orthodontics patients showed higher satisfaction than non-orthodontics ones. 3. As for satisfaction with dental service by age of orthodontics and non-orthodontics patients, with regard to intention for return visit, orthodontics patients of all ages showed to have higher grade of satisfaction. 4. Regarding satisfaction with dental treatment by orthodontics and non-orthodontics patients by monthly income, Dental hygienist with intention for return visit, the higher the satisfaction of orthodontics patients. 5. In regard to satisfaction with dental treatment by education, higher satisfaction was expressed by orthodontics patients with elementary school education kept dentist, dental hygienist and internal and external environments. As a result from this study, we knew that dental service of the orthodontics patients is higher satisfaction than that of the non-orthodontics patients.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.95-112
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• 2020

This study intends to identify the main triggers of consumer participation behavior by multi-dimensionally reviewing factors affecting active participation behavior in order for consumers to receive better service at service encounter. We also want to review the impact of service contact employees' human services on consumers' experience of positive and negative emotions while performing participation behavior. This study targeted beauty salon services. Beauty salon services are one of the most important industries for human services because of the relatively long time interaction and the high degree of consumer participation that has a great influence on service outcomes. For an empirical analysis survey was conducted on 446 general consumers. SPSS and AMOS analysis was performed. The results of this study are as follows. First, relational benefits were not significant for consumer participation behavior, and functional benefits and hedonic benefits were significant. Consumer participation behavior was found to have a significant effect on positive emotions, but not on negative emotions. It has been shown that the service provider's human service has a significant effect on both positive and negative emotions. Finally, both positive and negative emotions were found to have a significant effect on service quality. Since beauty services are an industry with high social visibility, it has been shown that relational benefits does not significantly affect consumer participation. Negative emotions perceived by consumers did not significantly affect service quality. It may mean that some negative emotions are insignificant. Further studies will need to classify the negative emotion dimension more closely. It is necessary to review the feelings arising from service employees. Finally, it is necessary to review the various types of services of contact employees.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.77-84
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• 2015

According to a recent survey, the sales amount of luxuries and imitations is getting larger. Especially young consumers in 2,30's have a strong desire to own luxuries, so I tried to build a theoretical base on the 20's consuming trend. Meanwhile, targeting university students who represent consumers in 20's, I investigated the recognition of luxuries, shopping experience, main shopping items, monthly spending money, and future purchase intention. I also investigated shopping experience of imitation, main shopping items, purchase reasons, and future purchase intention. I tried to suggest lots of academic and practical implications in marketing strategy building of luxury brand, aiming young consumers in 20's. On the social-psychological view point, young generation have relatively weak sense of control or self-efficacy. So, they are easily submerged in conspicuous consumption by the atmosphere around. As a result of empirical research, I found that Korean students recognized luxuries as excellent in quality, or the world famous brand. In particular, statistically significant gender difference was shown in the luxuries characteristics as the high-quality brand for male students and the world famous brand for female students. Most respondents have experience buying luxuries. And more monthly spending money, more experience they have. Respondents' purchased items were in order of fashion goods, clothing, watches/jewelry, cosmetics/perfume. And the statistically significant differences between gender and monthly spending money were shown. Not many respondents purchased luxuries imitations, and main purchased items were fashion goods. Most of purchase motives are price over quality and economy reason. The phenomena that the respondents of relatively high levels of monthly spending money had lots of luxuries imitations shopping experiences is interesting. Female students showed higher purchase intention for luxuries and imitations than male students. There was no statistically significant difference in grade level, but was found something interesting in monthly spending money. As monthly spending money increased, the purchase intention of luxuries increased, but the purchase intention of luxuries imitations decreased. However, non-linear trend was shown in the specific allowance level. This is replicate of the luxuries imitations purchase experience. Following studies will be needed for the exact interpretation for this. This study is an exploratory and descriptive, but can provide lots of fruitful academic and practical implications in formulating luxuries marketing strategies.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.81-88
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• 2016

This research investigated the sensory processing ability and selected subjects who had sensory processing problems, and divided the subjects into an experimental group and control group. The experimental group was educated with sensory processing intervention on the activities of daily living to determine its influence on the quality of life. The study was based on 230 university students with similar majors in 3 universities of Chungcheong area in the beginning of May, 2013. From here, 32 subjects who had issues with their sensory processing ability were selected. The 230 students were given a survey on the quality of life, individual characteristics, and sensory processing ability. Later, the 32 subjects who had problems with their sensory processing ability were divided into an experimental group and control group. The control group performed sensory processing intervention, whereas the control group did not. After the sensory processing intervention method for 6 weeks, the quality of life was re-evaluated. As a result, the total score of the quality of life after intervention was 98.69 in the experimental group and 84.81 in the control group (p=0.001). The physical score was 16.43 in the experimental group and 14.64 in the control group (p=0.008). The psychological score was 14.71 in the experimental group and 11.75 in the control group (p<0.001). The social score was 14.67 in the experimental group and 13.17 in the control group (p=0.032). The environment score was 14.66 in the experimental group and 12.34 in the control group (p=0.006). The experimental group showed a significant increase in all areas of the quality of life, whereas the control group did not. Through this result, it can be seen that a sensory processing intervention method in daily life can increase the quality of life for subjects with problems in sensory processing ability. Overall, it will be necessary to apply a treatment of various sensory intervention programs for adults and promote a better quality of life.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was to identify the role of general hospice palliative nurse through job analysis (duties, task, and task elements). Methods: The sample consisted of 136 nurses or professors who were performing duties related to hospice care areas in Korea. A survey method was used, and the questionnaire included frequencies, criticality, and difficulties of task elements in job description by the DACUM method. Descriptive statistics were performed by using SPSS WIN 17.0. Results: The job description of general hospice palliative nurse was identified 8 duties, 36 tasks, and 137 task elements. As for the 8 duties, the average scores of frequency, criticality, and difficulty were 2.94, 3.66, and 2.80, respectively. The role of ‘pain assessment’ was the most important task element among frequency and criticality. The lowest score at the frequency and criticality were ‘manage public finance’ and ‘collect datum through diagnostic test & lab', respectively. Furthermore, the role of 'identify spiritual needs of patients and family' was the most difficult task, whereas the role of 'manage documents and information' was the least. Conclusion: In this study, we could recognize the reality of general hospice palliative nurse's performances. For general hospice palliative nurse, therefore, concrete practice guide lines of psychosocial and spiritual care, communication skills, and bereavement care with qualifying system are critically needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.137-152
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• 2000

North Korean fugitives is one of various nominations referring to the North Koreans who have secretly crossed the territorial border of their country. It is a new terminology that huts gained wider usage in our society as we entered the 1990s. North Koreans list various motives for escaping their county, such as food shortage and disillusionment of belief in the system. Most of the forced repatriation of North Korean escapees takes place in China. The purpose of this study examines the family knife of female fugitives from North Korea in order to provide pertinent alterntives which are needed to secure basic human right of the female fugitives and enable them to keep stability of their family lives and to adapt themselves into new socio-cultural circumstances in China. For this, the preliminary survey performed to examine the demographic characteristics on the female fugitives; to find out the incentives and channels of their escape out of North Korea; to investigate what types of family life and family relationship they manage in China; to grasp their problems and need of family life in adaptation into Chinese society. The specific questions for grasping the general characteristics of the female fugitives are composed of age, education level residential district in North Korea. In order to find out main causes and influential factors of their escape from North Korea, the following questions are included: what the most important incentives and motives are; the frequency of escape; and whether they discuss their escape with their family or not. The questions to find out their present actual life situations in China are about difficult things to adjust in China, family life, relationship with husband, and their conversational diction, the degree of their mastering the chinese language, the degree of their adaptation to chinese way of living, and so forth, which reveal to what extent they are adapted themselves to new cultural situation in China. This study collected the data through face-to-face personal interview from July to October, 1999 Yenben province along the China-North Korea border. Data from 202 female fugitives were used in final analysis. This study uses the SAS PC program for windows, Ver, 6.12 to analyze the data such as the distribution of frequency, percentage, mean and so on. The results from this analysis are follows; the most principal motive of North Korean women's escape to china is to eat to live because of famine. Concerning the year when the fugitives escape from North Korea, all of the interviewees haute escaped since 1990. After escape their continual contact with their family in North Korea, 81.7% of the respondent have not been in touch with their family. The main reasons for their not contacting with their family in North Korea are that it is not helpful although they contacts with their family. Female fugitives from North Korea have difficulties in life. They have rather stable relationship to their husband, but they have experienced difficulties in other aspects of family life. Their main difficulties are largely from their relationships to husbands'family members, and from the problems relate to their family in North Korea, and their children. Based on this study, further research has to present supportive policies that help North Korean female escapees live without being deprived and protect their human rights. And the development of practical program to help their efficient social adaptation has to be continued without stop together.