• 기본간호학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.346-356
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• 2001

This paper describes a Q-methodological study on the Perception of comfort in hospital in-patients. The participants completed a 37-item Q sort made up of statements which could be ranked in terms of their relevance to the subjective meaning of comfort. Three interpretable types of comfort were identified through this Q study : Type I, positive medical action style, feel secure and satisfied when medical staff show a positive attitude towards them as patients. They put a high value on prompt responses from medical staff and physical aspects of care like non-invasive procedures or comfortable position. Type II, social relation style, experience a state of comfort when they perceive support or concern from medical staff, relatives or other patients suffering from similar diseases. They feel safe and secure when medical staff are kind and have a good reputation or when the size of the hospital is big enough, Type III, emotional wellbeing style, feel that hope for a healthy life or maintaining self-care activities are highly valuable. They feel safe and comfortable when their privacy is protected. They put worth on independent thinking, strong will, and emotional or psychological comfort. The results of this study can be used as a basis to develop nursing measures for comfort. Further studies on factors which influence perception of comfort and intervention strategies according to the above types of comfort need to be done.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.288-296
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• 2001

The behavior of declawed emus in a farm environment has not been described despite its importance in the husbandry and welfare of the emu. This study examined whether declawing of emus causes chronic pain resulting in permanent changes in the locomotor and general behavior of declawed yearling emus compared to emus not declawed. One group of 40 emus were declawed on the day of hatch by removing the distal phalangeal joint using a Lyon beak-trimming machine. Another group of 40 emus not declawed were the controls. Declawed emus one year of age were allocated to a paddock $250m{\times}125m$, while the control group was placed in an adjoining paddock of the same dimensions. One hour video records of individual emus from each treatment were made from 08:00 and 17:00 h over 2 periods; firstly when food and water was available and secondly during a period when food and water was not available after being withdrawn overnight. Inactive, ingestive, posture change, grooming, aggressive and locomotor behaviors were monitored from the videotape. There was no behavioral evidence to indicate loss of locomotor ability of declawed emus or to suggest declawed emus were suffering from severe chronic pain as indicated by declawed emus engaging in significantly more bouts (p<0.05) and time of searching (p<0.05). Declawed emus also engaged in less stereotype pacing (p<0.05) indicating they were under less stress and not as frustrated as control birds which engaged in more step pushing behavior (p<0.05). Modelling analysis showed that pecking behavior in birds was most closely related to foraging behavior. Birds subject to pecking attacks demonstrated higher levels of stereotype behavior presumably as a method to cope with stress. The behavioral evidence in this study would indicate that declawing does not compromise the locomotor ability of emus and has the benefit of improving the social structure in the groups by reducing stereotype behavior and aggression.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2017

China is suffering from severe air pollution especially fine $PM_{2.5}$ pollution. In 2015, the annual average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration of the 338 municipal cities was $50{\mu}g/m^3$, 78% cities at or above the prefectural level failed to comply with the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration standards. The $13^{th}$ Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development set the goal that the annual average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in the municipal cities which failed to attain the ambient air quality standards shall be decreased by 18% by 2020 (CCCPC, 2016). In this study, an air pollution control scenario during the $13^{th}$ Five-Year Plan period was proposed and the $SO_2$, $NO_x$ and PM emission reductions in response to different measures in 31 provincial-level regions mainland China by 2020 were estimated. The air quality in the target year (2020) was simulated using the WRF-CMAQ model. The results showed that by 2020, the emissions of $SO_2$, $NO_x$ and primary PM in mainland China will be reduced by 4.19 million tons, 3.94 million tons and 4.41 million tons, a drop of 23%, 21% and 25% respectively compared with that in 2015, and the annual average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ will decrease by 19%. Coal-fired power plant contributes the most pollutant emission reduction.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.65-75
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• 2005

This study aims to explore the difference in life satisfaction and daily activities of elderly solitaries through a survey conducted from May to June 2004 to 152 who hare moi the criteria set forth for this study. Used for the survey were such tools as 11 items of questions concerning characters of the subjects, Life Satisfaction and Daily activities(K-ADL). The outcomes could be summarized as follows: 1. The majority of 152 subjects are females, aged $70{\sim}79$, living in the urban areas, non-educated with miscellaneous religions(including non-believers), jobless, self-dependent (or living expenses, without leisure, with disease, suffering from sickness despite of treatment and, thus not self-confident in health. 2. The Life Satisfaction and K-ADL of all subjects appear in general to be good with $20.03{\pm}9.74$ and $8.25{\pm}2.74$, respectively. 3. The difference in Life Satisfaction by characters of the subjects is found significantly high in those who are females, living in rural area, educated, with religions and jobs, have diseases treated and currently confident in health. 4. The difference in K-ADL by characters of the subjects is significantly high for those who are older than 80, Buddhists, jobless, affordable with living expenses by themselves, sick currently and not confident in health. Thus, it is thought vastly important to help the elderly solitaries to realize quality of life by social (including family) assistance, economic self-reliance and health promotion and prevention. Measures drawn from the analysis into issues of the elderly solitaries from various aspects may definitely contribute to avoiding and complimenting the causes of various issues relating to the elderly people and to assisting them to cope with the problems in the highly geriatric society to come.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권10B호
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• pp.1062-1069
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• 2009

비만으로 인해 대사증후군을 많이 앓고 있는 상황에서 후유증으로 신장 질환이 커다란 사회문제가 되고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 자각증상이 없는 신장의 이상 유무를 조기에 판단하여 적절한 조치를 취하는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 음성 분석을 통해 신장 질환을 무자각, 무구속, 무통종의 방법으로 진단할 수 있는 방법을 제안하였다. 구성하고자 하는 전체 시스템은 크게 음성 분석과 얼굴색을 살피는 방법을 결합시키는 시스템이 개발되고 있으며 이 중 본 논문은 입술소리를 기반으로 신장 질환을 진단하는 방법에 설계하였다. 이를 위해 본 논문에서는 첫째, 신장 질환을 앓고 있는 환자와 정상인을 대상으로 피실험자 집단을 각각 구성하고 입술소리의 수치학적 분석을 실험으로 출력하고 그 결과값에 대한 비교 분석을 수행하였으며 둘째, 한의학적 청진 이론과 언어학, 음성학과의 상관성을 분석하고 이를 기반으로 음성에 대한 신장의 특징 요소를 추출하여 제1포먼트 주파수와의 연관성을 도출하였다. 실험 결과 신장 질환자 집단이 정상인 집단보다 제1포먼트 주파수 대역폭이 넓게 형성되는 결과를 추출하였으며 최종적으로 입술소리만으로 신장 질환을 진단할 때의 오진 확률에 대해 계산하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.389-398
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand and describe the overcoming experiences of family members caring for elderly patients with dementia at home. Methods: Data came from autobiographies on the overcoming experiences of caregiving from 31 participants, who had submitted the autobiographies to a public contest held by the Seoul Metropolitan Center for Dementia in 2012. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Four overcoming stages emerged from the analysis: confronting stage; challenging stage; integrating stage; and transcendental stage, representing transformation of experiences from frustration and suffering to happiness and new hope in life. The confronting stage illustrates severe negative feelings and exhaustion occurring after the diagnosis of dementia. The challenging stage signifies major driving forces in taking good care of their patients. It includes tender loving memories about the patients as well as family and social supports. The integrating stage shows genuine empathy for the patients' situation and the happiness of 'here and now', while the transcendental stage represents new hope in the future. Conclusion: Health professionals need to support caregivers to find true meaning of caring and happiness in everyday life, while providing specific information on dementia care and relieving various negative feelings.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2010

최근 몇 년 동안 탈모로 인해 우울증을 경험하는 인구가 증가하고 탈모 관련 치료법도 임상의학이나 외과적인 수술법과 같이 전문화되고 있다. 탈모 방지와 발모를 촉진하기 위한 시술법과 소재들이 있으나 그 효능, 효과가 뛰어나지 못하고 일부는 부작용을 동반하는 경우가 있다. 본 총설의 마이크로니들 시술법은 약물의 흡수를 촉진시켜주는 매우 작고 섬세한 니들을 이용한 시술법이다. 이 시술을 하는 동안 마이크로니들이 두피 내부로 약물의 흡수를 도와주는 마이크로 홀을 만들어 준다. 마이크로니들 시술 약물의 주요성분으로 대두 발효물질을 분석하였으며 대두 발효 소재는 탈모증에 항산화, 항안드로겐, 항혈전의 기능을 가진다. 대두 발효물의 흡수를 증가시켜주는 마이크로니들의 우수한 약물전달시스템으로 인하여 대두 발효물이 마이크로니들과 함께 사용될 때 복잡한 탈모기전에 더욱 효과적이다. 이 시술법은 탈모증을 방지하고 관리하며 개선시켜줄 수 있는 매우 유용한 두피케어법이며 일반적인 두피관리법 보다 더 빠른 효과를 나타낼 수 있어 차별화된다. 대두 발효물을 이용한 마이크로니들 시술법은 두피케어를 위한 진일보한 기술이다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

Objectives : To investigate aggravating and mitigating factors of atopic dermatitis and to utilize the outcome in treatment planning. Methods : The research has a cross-sectional study design. Patients' SCORing Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD) Index, demographic, physical characteristics, social history, serologic index and skin related instrumental measurements were analyzed with correlation and regression analysis method. Results : 48 patients in total were enrolled in the study. Skin Surface Hydration (SSH) and sex were found to be statistically significant aggravating and mitigating factors. As SSH increased, Total SCORAD (tSCORAD) and Objective SCORAD (oSCORAD) increased as well. As SSH decreased, tSCORAD and oSCORAD decreased as well. Female patient had a higher probability of suffering from severer subjective symptoms than that of male. Age, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption and smoking, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), IgE, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IFN-γ were found not to be statistically significant. There was no correlation between Subjective SCORAD (sSCORAD) and oSCORAD neither with Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). Conclusions : Increasing cutaneous moisture should be included in the treatment plan of atopic dermatitis. More emphasis should be put on alleviating subjective discomforts of female patients than that of male. Establishing separate strategies of managing objective eczema status and subjective discomforts respectively should be considered.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.455-460
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• 2017

우리나라 대중음악에서 소울음악은 뛰어난 가수로서의 평가기준이 되고 있다. 우리가 열광하는 소울음악을 이해하기 위해서 음악의 모태가 되어진, 흑인들의 피와 땀이 서린 광활한 대지에서 외치는 소리(Filed Holler)와 그들의 처량한 신세를 한탄하며 노래하던 송스터(Songster)음악인 블루스. 그리고 정신적 유일한 안식처인 교회 음악과 중요한 뮤지션들을 고찰하였다. 특히, 탄생시점인 1960년대 미국의 사회적 배경은 소울음악을 이해하기 위해 가장 중요한 요인이라 할 수 있다. 수많은 외세의 침략가운데 처절한 식민 지배를 받아온 우리나라는 자연스럽게, 노예역사를 가진 흑인들의 정서를 공유하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 흑인들에게 소울음악은, 사회적 태도의 표현이며 분노표출의 음악인 것이다. 그러나 지금 우리나라에서 홍수처럼 쏟아지는 많은 음악 가운데 삶의 본질을 관통하는 음악이 너무나 부족하다. 흑인들의 처절한 삶의 투쟁으로 얻어낸 고귀한 결정체인 소울음악이 우리에게 단지 이성에 대한 구애와 화려한 보컬의 능력을 과시하는 수단으로 전락하고 있음이 안타깝게 느껴진다. 소울음악이 흑인들에게 정체성과 자존감 회복의 강력한 도구가 되었듯이 우리사회에서 약자들의 소리를 시원하게 외칠 수 있는 본질의 소리가 되길 기대한다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.829-837
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• 2006

Halitosis, defined as an unpleasant oral odor, is a commonly experienced condition with a variety of etiological factors and may cause a significant social or psychological handicap to those suffering from it, In most cases, halitosis originates within the oral cavity itself and patients with periodontal disease often suffer from oral malodor, The most common cause of this disease is related to microbiota which reside on the tongue and in the periodontal pocket, This study was undertaken to examine the effect of full mouth disinfection including tongue scraping on oral malodor in a group of patients with chronic periodontitis, The relationship between halitosis and oral health status was also investigated, The volatile sulfur compounds (VSC) scores were significantly correlated with Plaque Index, Bleeding Index, pocket depth, and tongue coating score, The organoleptic ratings were significantly associated with Plaque Index, Bleeding Index. and tongue coating score, The VSC scores and organoleptic ratings correlated strongly with each other. Full mouth disinfection resulted in a significant reduction in the VSC scores. organoleptic ratings, and self-perception of malodor up to 12 weeks, This study indicates that in patients with chronic periodontitis. a full mouth disinfection including tongue scraping has a significant effect in the treatment of oral malodor.