• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-60
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• 1987

This research examined children's perception of parental authority within three different types of rules : moral, social-conventional, and personal issue. Specifically, two major aspects of parental authority-legitimacy and obedience-were explored. The subjects of this study were 120 children from an elementary school in Kwangju. There were 40 subjects (20 males and 20 females) in each of three age groups: 7-, 9-, and 11- year-olds. The subjects were administered an interview individually. Based on Tisak (1986) open-ended questions concerning three family rules (moral rule, social-conventional rule, personal issue) were administered. Responses to the assessment questions were coded as positive or negative. Responses to the judgment conception questions were coded into 7 categories : Other's Walfare, Social Coordination, Personal choice, Deservedness of Punishment for Wrongdoing, Existence of Authority, Conflicting Personal Interest and Authority, and Personal Development. Statistical analysis of obtained data was by percentage and ${\chi}_2$ test using log linear procedure. The results were as follows : (1) There was a significant main effect of type of rule on the children's assessment regarding legitimacy and obedience of parental authority. The children (average 96%) stated that it was all right for parents to make rules prohiliting an act when it pertained to moral and social conventions. However, the majority of the children (average 40%) stated that it was not right for parents to regulate personal issues. (2) There was a significant interaction effect between type of rule and age. (3) There was a significant main effect of rules on the children's judgment conception of parental authority. (4) There was a significant interaction effect between rules and ages on children's judgment conception of parental authority.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.145-159
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• 2009

In this study, mothers of 205 4- to 5-year-old preschoolers responded to aggression episodes of Werner et al. (2006); preschoolers' teachers responded to the Preschool Social Behavior Scale (Crick et al., 1997). Results showed, (1) boys exhibited more overt and relational aggression. (2) In overt aggression episodes, mothers used encouragement to boys and rule violation responses to girls; in relational aggression episodes, mothers used encouragement and power assertion responses to girls. (3) Mothers' power assertion about overt aggression related negatively with preschoolers' overt aggressive behaviors; mothers' discussion about relational aggression related positively with preschoolers' overt aggressive behaviors. Implications of these findings for the mothers' responses by aggression types were discussed in order in better understand preschooler's aggressive behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.133-153
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• 2009

Two empirical studies were conducted to examine what determines the happiness of Korean adolescents. In Study 1, 155 high school students were asked to describe situations where they felt happy. Content analysis was conducted for their responses, which led to three categories, physical (economy, health and appearance), psychological (self-related responses, rest and leasure, and religion), and social one (haman relationship including family, friendship, etc, and social achievement). In Study 2, 450 high school students rated themselves on each of 88 happiness items developed through the responses obtained in Study 1. Factor analysis created 10 happiness factors labeled familial relationship, individuality, academic performance, religion, dating friends, appearance, self-discovery, economy, friendships, and psychological composure. These findings were compared with those findings about the middle-aged and the old-aged, and discussed on the developmental and cultural perspective.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.275-283
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• 2020

Background: In the absence of a vaccine or treatment, the most pragmatic strategies against an infectious disease pandemic are extensive early detection testing and social distancing. This study aimed to summarize public and workplace responses to Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) and show how the Korean system has operated during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: Daily briefings from the Korean Center for Disease Control and the Central Disaster Management Headquarters were assembled from January 20 to May 15, 2020. Results: By May 15, 2020, 11,018 COVID-19 cases were identified, of which 15.7% occurred in workplaces such as health-care facilities, call centers, sports clubs, coin karaoke, and nightlife destinations. When the first confirmed case was diagnosed, the Korean Center for Disease Control and Central Disaster Management Headquarters responded quickly, emphasizing early detection with numerous tests and a social distancing policy. This slowed the spread of infection without intensive containment, shut down, or mitigation interventions. After entering the public health blue alert level, a business continuity plan was distributed. After entering the orange level, the Ministry of Employment and Labor developed workplace guidelines for COVID-19 consisting of social distancing, flexible working schedules, early identification of workers with suspected infections, and disinfection of workplaces. Owing to the intensive workplace social distancing policy, workplaces remained safe with only small sporadic group infections. Conclusion: The workplace social distancing policy with timely implementation of specific guidelines was a key to preventing a large outbreak of COVID-19 in Korean workplaces. However, sporadic incidents of COVID-19 are still ongoing, and risk assessment in vulnerable workplaces should be continued.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.71-86
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate North Korean child defectors and South Korean children's pro-social moral reasoning, pro-social decision-making, moral reasoning and moral judgement on violence. The participants were 82 North Korean child defectors and 186 South Korean children in Seoul and Kyunggi Province. All respondents answered self-report questionnaires including 6 stories of pro-social moral conflicts and 4 stories of moral conflicts on violence. Data were analyzed by independent sample t-test, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test, repeated measure ANOVA and one-way ANOVA. The major findings were as follows. First, North Korean child defectors showed a bigger difference between the level of pro-social moral reasoning in close relationship situations and that in distant relationship situations than South Korean children did. In the 11-13 year old group, North Korean child defectors showed lower level of pro-social moral reasoning than that of South Korean children. Second, children showed more helping responses in close relationship situations than in distant relationship situations. The 11-13 year old group Children also showed more helping responses than the 14-16 year old group did. Third, 11-13 year old South Korean children showed a higher level of moral reasoning on violence than the North Korean child defectors did. Finally, North Korean child defectors judged violence with a justifiable intention as being more wrong than South Korean children did.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 2017

Purpose - Previous studies related to emotional labor of salespeople have mainly focused on identifying the antecedents of emotional exhaustion and turnover intention and exploring the mitigating effects salespeople's motivation on emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. They also demonstrates that there are different roles for moderating in social support, which means mental/physical support related to the job in supervisors, colleagues and organizations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how service employees' surface acting affect turnover intention through emotional exhaustion. Another important objective of this paper is to investigate whether perceived social support moderates 1) the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion 2) the relationship between emotional exhaustion and turnover intention. Research design, data, and methodology - To test the hypotheses, we collected the data from Korean insurance company sales employees. A total of 235 responses were received, from which 220 usable responses were obtained after list-wise deletion. Working with a sample of 220 responses, structural equation modeling was employed to empirically test research hypotheses(

The relationship between surface acting and emotion exhaustion,

The relationship between emotion exhaustion and turnover intention,

The moderating effect of perceived social support(PSS) on the relationship between surface acting and emotion exhaustion, and

The moderating effect of perceived social support(PSS) on the relationship between emotion exhaustion and turnover intention. SPSS 22.0 and AMOS software were used in these data analysis. Results - The service employees' surface acting was positively related to the emotional exhaustion; in turn, the service employees' feelings on emotional exhaustion are positively related to turnover intention. In addition, Perceived Social Support significantly moderated the relationship between surface acting and emotional exhaustion. However, perceived social support has a non-significant moderating effect on the path from emotional exhaustion to turnover intention. On the basis of these results, the following conclusion can be drawn. First, distribution service companies will be needed the administrative efforts to offer counseling programs and space to provide their members with enough rest in experiencing psychological pain due to the salespeople's surface acting. Also, it is necessary for distribution service companies to identify and share the examples of successfully solving emotional exhaustion caused by salespeople's surface acting.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.11
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• pp.1322-1332
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• 2011

This study investigates the influence of social desirability to questionnaire response and data analysis in order to identify the need for social desirability control in clothing consumer research. A questionnaire measuring social desirability, social face sensitivity, clothing shopping behavior, and demographic characteristics was developed. Responses of 234 respondents were analyzed using factor analysis, simple regression analysis, hierarchical regression analysis, descriptive analysis, and Cronbach's alpha analysis. The results were as follow. First, respondents were influenced by social desirability when they responded to items measuring other-conscious social face. Second, the result of regression analysis (that the independent variable was social formality) was less influenced by social desirability control because the influence of social desirability to social formality was insignificant. Conversely, the result of regression analysis (that the independent variable was other-conscious social face) was more influenced by social desirability control because the influence of social desirability to other-conscious social face was significant. This study is an initial study that notices the need for social desirability control in clothing consumer research.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-228
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• 2014

The explosive growth of social commerce engenders a new business model, that is, infomediary. In a social commerce environment, infomediary works as a personal agent who provides information about various web merchants to help consumers select appropriate merchants for their needs. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors influencing consumer attitudes towards infomediaries in social commerce and examine the relationship between intention to provide word of mouth and consumer attitudes. In total, 170 responses were collected from social commerce infomediary users. The results show that competence and integrity significantly influence user attitudes as trust dimensions. Infomediary reputation and two functional factors (information variety and navigation functionality) turn out to be significant antecedents for user attitudes toward infomediary in social commerce. User attitudes in turn significantly influence the intention to provide word of mouth. Future research and practical implications are also discussed.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.31-44
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• 2024

The social impact of observing others' charitable donations remains underexplored, with few studies examining the influence of donors' social class. Across three experiments, we investigated how the donor social class-donation type interaction influences the observers' perceived sacrificial costs or desire for a moral self-identity, which consequently affects their willingness to donate. The participants perceived higher costs when lower-class donors made monetary donations, but for time donations, they saw no difference in sacrificial costs by donor social class. Moreover, when the hourly wage was emphasized, the participants felt an increased desire for a moral self-identity from higher-class donors' monetary donations and became more willing to donate their money. These findings highlight the importance of considering both the donor social class and donation type when designing donation campaigns, and offer valuable insights for enhancing overall donation amounts.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.351-362
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• 2023

In modern society, rapid environmental changes are occurring due to the complex interaction of various factors. Starting in 2020, the social environment is changing rapidly due to the impact of the pandemic, and the social and economic living environment is changing significantly not only in Korea but also internationally. In this trend, behavioral and spatial changes are occurring in response to changes in the architectural living environment. To analyze changes in behavior and space from an architectural perspective in response to changes in the social environment, first organize the concept and aspects of the pandemic that caused the change, examine the theory of the pandemic, and examine architectural responses to changes in the social environment. There is a need to analyze. Therefore, in order to architecturally review changes in the social environment due to the pandemic, the purpose of this study is to analyze the living behavior and space of major highrise residential complexes in the living environment and present new spatial alternatives in response.