• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.329-336
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to identify factors influencing physical activity among community-dwelling older adults with type 2 diabetes. The study design was based on the Theory of Triadic Influence. Methods: A total of 242 older adults with type 2 diabetes participated in this study. Six variables related to physical activity in older adults, including self-efficacy, social normative belief, attitudes, intention, experience, and level of physical activity, were measured using reliable instruments. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation analyses, and a path analysis. Results: The mean physical activity score was 104.2, range from zero to 381.21. The path analysis showed that self-efficacy had the greatest total effect on physical activity. Also, experience had direct and total effects on physical activity as well as mediated the paths of social normative beliefs to attitudes and intention to physical activity. These factors accounted for 10% of the total variance, and the fit indices of the model satisfied the criteria of fitness. Conclusion: The findings of the study reveal the important role of self-efficacy and past experience in physical activity in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.145-166
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• 2017

Objectives : The paper aims to study the philosophical background of Huangdineijing by taking into account the fact that its ideas are identical to that of the period between the Warring States and Han. Methods : Through considering the period and the historical backdrop in which Huangdineijing was published, and through considering the book with other texts such as Huangdisijing, the paper draws the common spirit of the time and analyzed the cause and flow of philosophies and ideas that influenced Huangdineijing. Conclusions : 1. Books that upheld Huangdi contained within Hanshu・Yiwenzhi have a common point with the mythical symbol of Huangdi in that they are related to the rule of a nation and the creation of a civilization. Huangdi, who in Huangdineijing bears a need to be understand at this common point of view. 2. The spirit of the period between Warring States and Han can be deduced as "a movement towards unification" and "the development of a civilization infused with spirit of unification." Such spirit of time are reflected in Huangdineijing as Nine Acupuncture(Official Acupuncture) and the establishment of the measuring standards for meridian, bone, and internal organ, and the establishment of the concept of 'Pyungin.' Especially the construction of waterways that connected Huanghe and Yangzijiang river with their tributaries that formed a direct composition of unification was applied to human body in Huangdineijing, thereby establishing the concept of 'Mai'. 3. Unlike Lao Zhuang School of Taoism was not interested in the act of ruling at all, Huangdineijing and its contemporary publication Huangdisijing, present their readers with Number, Law, Rule, Regulation and Governance. Here, the philosophy and the idea which seek "Law" as the methods of ruling the nation by actively participating in the governance of the nation based on the model of natural law and rule appear. Such philosophy and idea is an evidence of the influence of Fajia in accordance with the social and realistic changes witnessed during the time.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.245-254
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• 2015

This research aims to look into correlation between Korea's childbirth promotion policy caused from women's maternity leave and economic activity. For the purpose, 300 surveys were distributed to mothers using postnatal care centers located in Seoul. Listed postnatal care centers such as Babe Glory, Shinsegae, Happy, Miznomall and out of 260, 222 surveys were selected for the research. Several advanced studies regarding child birth promotion policy backed up by current government and related domestic and overseas documents were used as reference. Decisive factors including social insurance, tax, cost for child birth and rearing service, social culture were derived as trait elements for child birth promotion. Mentioned factors along with economic activity by childbearing women were used when setting up the research model and hypothesis. Relation with material leave was employed as parameter for this study of which purpose lies in empirical analysis and investigation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

Creating shared value (CSV) is a strategic approach connected to social value by moving away from a corporation's profit and competition oriented strategies. This study attempted to analyze consumers' perception and intention to participate in corporation's CSV practices. The results are as follows. First, consumers tend to have positive perception toward the practicability of CSV strategy. Second, a structural equation model was established and verified to analyze the relationship among the perceived practicability of CSV, perceived benefits for corporations and consumers and consumers' intention to participate in CSV strategy. Specifically, the result showed that consumers' perception on the practicability of CSV has positive effect on the perceived benefit for corporations. Also, consumers' perception on the benefits they may receive through CSV was positively affected by the perception on the benefits for corporations. The result indicated that consumers' perceptions on benefits of CSV have positive influence on consumers' intention to participate in CSV strategy.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• 제9권10호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2009

This research proposes a new approach to measure corporate contributions to sustainability called Sustainable Value. With some global corporations which recognize the seriousness of environmental crisis and their social responsibility, enterprises are positively accepting the sustainable management. Also, publication of the sustainability report is proliferating which is showing the enterprise's strategy, activity, result and influence in environmental, economic, social cases to the stakeholder. However, to settle and proliferate this current, it rests with how to evaluate enterprises sustainability in reasonable and reliable figure. In this context, what introduced and taking effects are sustainability report evaluation and awarding system. But the quality of sun stainability report and its content's depth and the evaluation of enterprise's sustainability itself should be distinguished. Because the enterprise which published excellent graded sustainability report is not always the enterprise that is sustainable. Then, how could we prove the result of enterprise's sustainable management based on sustainability report? This paper is to find the answer and to utilize it based on sustainability report, particularly sustainable value model as the central figure.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate dual gender identity, masculine gender identity, feminine gender identity, undifferentiated gender identity with related to Sex, home environments, parental child-rearing attitude of warmth, parental child-rearing attitude of control, role division of parents and determine predictors for dual gender identity. Method : Study subjects were $6^{th}$ grade of primary students with 2,118. Data was collected from Oct to Nov 2003 by using structured questionnaire. Results : ${\cdot}$ Among the children, 345 had masculine gender identity, 529 had feminine gender identity, 526 had undifferentiated gender identity, and 718 had dual gender identity. ${\cdot}$ There were significant differences in the children's sex, mother's age, father's age, mother's educational level, father's educational level, existence of mother's job, father's job, social economic status, sex of siblings, mother's job satisfaction, family structure, family atmosphere, child-rearing attitude(warmth and control), role division of parents($p{\leq}0.001$) among 4 groups. ${\cdot}$ The significant predictors for dual gender identity were children's sex (OR = 0,196, P =0.001), father's age(OR = 31.053, p = 0.020), mother's educational level(OR = 43,980, p = 0.001), father's job(OR=27.465, p = 0.001), social economic status(OR=O.941, p=0.001), sex of siblings(OR = 0.329, p = 0.005), mother's job satisfaction(OR = 0.673, p =0.001), family structure(OR = 0.887, p = 0.001), family atmosphere(OR = 23.786, p = 0.001), parental Child-rearing attitude of warmth(OR = 8.043, p = 0.001) and child-rearing attitude of control(OR = 0.666, p = 0.005), role division of parents(OR = 3.009, p = 0.001). Conclusions : These findings suggest the necessity of broad understandings about factors which influence dual gender role, and construction of combinative model. Also they suggest parent education for establishment of children's dual gender identity.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.81-112
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• 2015

This essay interrogates the category of the 'global' in the emerging domain of 'global intellectual history'. Through a case study of the Indian social-religious reformer Rammohun Roy (1772/4-1833), I argue that notions of global selfhood and rights-consciousness (which have been preoccupying concerns of recent debates in intellectual history) have multiple conceptual and practical points of origin. Thus in early colonial India a person like Rammohun Roy could invoke centuries-old Indic terms of globality (vishva, jagat, sarva, sarvabhuta, etc.), selfhood (atman/brahman), and notions of right (adhikara) to liberation/salvation (mukti/moksha) as well as late precolonial discourses on 'worldly' rights consciousness (to life, property, religious toleration) and models of participatory governance present in an Indo-Islamic society, and hybridize these with Western-origin notions of rights and liberties. Thereby Rammohun could challenge the racial and confessional assumptions of colonial authority and produce a more deterritorialized and non-sectarian idea of selfhood and governance. However, Rammohun's comparativist world-historical notions excluded other models of selfhood and globality, such as those produced by devotional Vaishnava, Shaiva, and Shakta-Tantric discourses under the influence of non-Brahmanical communities and women. Rammohun's puritan condemnation of non-Brahmanical sexual and gender relations created a homogenized and hierarchical model of globality, obscuring alternate subaltern-inflected notions of selfhood. Class, caste, and gender biases rendered Rammohun supportive of British colonial rule and distanced him from popular anti-colonial revolts and social mobility movements in India. This article argues that today's intellectual historians run the risk of repeating Rammohun's biases (or those of Hegel's Weltgeschichte) if they privilege the historicity and value of certain models of global selfhood and rights-consciousness (such as those derived from a constructed notion of the 'West' or from constructed notions of various 'elite' classicized 'cultures'), to the exclusion of models produced by disenfranchised actors across the world. Instead of operating through hierarchical assumptions about local/global polarity, intellectual historians should remain sensitive to and learn from the universalizable models of selfhood, rights, and justice produced by actors in different spatio-temporal locations and intersections.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.5-17
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• 2017

This study extends research into whether disclosure of corporate and financial information is associated with firms' costs of equity capital. This study sets out to examine empirically the determinants of corporate disclosure in the annual reports of 37 largest and most liquid firms listed on Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) in Kazakhstan. It also reports the results of the association between company-specific characteristics and disclosure of the sample companies. Based on the analysis of existing empirical research, the disclosure index has been constructed and regression analysis of the influence of the disclosure index on the cost of equity capital has been conducted. The obtained results show that the received findings correlate with foreign empirical studies, and the disclosure index in this sample has a negative impact on the cost of equity capital. Using cost of equity capital estimates derived from capital asset pricing model, we find that firms with higher levels of financial transparency are associated with significantly lower costs of equity capital. Economic theory assumes that by increasing the level of corporate reporting, firms not only increase their stock market liquidity, but also decrease the investors' estimation risk, arising from uncertainty about future returns and payout distributions. The results show that firms on the Kazakhstan market can reduce their cost of equity capital by increasing the level of their voluntary corporate disclosures.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.151-176
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to see the effects of school climate on school violence and fears of attending school. The direct relationship between school climates and fears of attending school will be examined, as well as the indirect and mediated effects of school violence in that school climates influence the fears of attending school. A theoretical model of the relationships of school climates, school violence, and fears of attending school will be given. The subjects of the surveys were chosen from 12 junior high schools in the Seoul, Gyeonggi area through convenience sampling. 1,317 surveys were then analyzed. School climates directly affect the fear of going to school through the mediums of peer and teacher violence. The derived results stress the necessity of improving school climates in order to reduce violence from peers and teachers and to reduce fear of attending school.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2011

This study defined acceptance of high-tech new product as user's active using the product such as utilizing application software rather than purchasing it. As exploring factors to effect on customer's acceptance, usefulness expectancy was examined from product side and application side. When investigating the exogenous variables to influence on usefulness expectancy from the product side, customer's product knowledge and social influences are put forward to support the hypothesis. From the application side, customer's knowledge about the application and its trust are put to explain usefulness expectancy of the application. Smart phone users were good subjects for this study and most hypotheses were tested using structural equation model and the results are followings. First usefulness expectancy of the product and of application significantly effect on customer's intention to use high-tech new product and also usefulness expectancy of the product positively effects on which of the application. Second customer's perceived knowledge about the product and social influences impact usefulness expectancy of the product. But third customer's perceived trust toward application didn't any positive impact usefulness expectancy of the application. Through the result, there will be several implications. First, from both of side; product and application, customer's usefulness expectancy should be satisfied to be successful in high-tech products market. Second, customer should be Ieant about advantages of the product and knowledge about the application as well, and then trigger their usefulness expectancy.