• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.222-231
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• 2007

Purpose: This study aims to suggest political alternatives for nursing care costs for PCAs to provide qualitative medical benefit for patients with occupational disease by investigating present situation and problems of the nursing care cost system of Korea's Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance. Methods: Data was collected from 6 workers' accident medical corporation and 275 nurses affiliated with Korea labor welfare corporation using self reported questionnaire. Result: Research results were as follows; Character of nursing care cost of the Korea's Industrial accident Compensation Insurance changed as if it aims to support for living expenses for the family; As possible problems which could be caused under current system, administrative problems, decrease of service quality were made as objects of criticism. Some patients did not make every effort in rehabilitation to be beneficiaries continuously. Some patients were supplied with whole one PCA or all-night PCA even though they did not need as much caring as such. Conclusion: The research suggested that PCAs payment system improvement is necessary, and the presented nurses' opinion for the improvement method could be applied for policy making.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2010.11a
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• pp.41-61
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• 2010

With increasing the quality of life in proportion to the national income, we have had cars as more convenient and safe means of transportation for a long time. The more we have the benefits from cars, the more seriously we should consider problems such as the destruction of the environment by air pollution, traffic accidents, parking problems, traffic congestion, etc. as social cost caused by the increase of cars. Among them, the traffic accidents are very serious, especially the accidents of the business cars occurs five times more than those of the private cars. Therefore if we analyze the cases of the various kinds of syst.em, test the results and apply them to business cars, we will reduce the traffic accidents of business cars.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.522-529
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• 2020

This study evaluated the effect of improving the atmospheric environment based on the premise that the supply of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCV) will be achieved as many as the number of vehicles presented in the hydrogen economy activation roadmap announced by the Korean government in January 2019. The HFCV supply target (2.7 million passenger cars) suggested in the hydrogen economy revitalization roadmap was logically allocated to the five major metropolitan areas in Korea. Air pollution damage costs by region were calculated by reflecting the basic unit of damage cost to the estimated air pollutant emissions. As a result, it was confirmed that the benefits per unit of some cities in Gyeonggi-do were derived more than major cities in the metropolitan area.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.91-99
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• 2017

Objectives: As in many low-income and middle-income countries, out-of-pocket (OOP) payments by patients or their families are a key healthcare financing mechanism in Bangladesh that leads to economic burdens for households. The objective of this study was to identify whether and to what extent socioeconomic, demographic, and behavioral factors of the population had an impact on OOP expenditures in Bangladesh. Methods: A total of 12 400 patients who had paid to receive any type of healthcare services within the previous 30 days were analyzed from the Bangladesh Household Income and Expenditure Survey data, 2010. We employed regression analysis for identify factors influencing OOP health expenditures using the ordinary least square method. Results: The mean total OOP healthcare expenditures was US dollar (USD) 27.66; while, the cost of medicines (USD 16.98) was the highest cost driver (61% of total OOP healthcare expenditure). In addition, this study identified age, sex, marital status, place of residence, and family wealth as significant factors associated with higher OOP healthcare expenditures. In contrary, unemployment and not receiving financial social benefits were inversely associated with OOP expenditures. Conclusions: The findings of this study can help decision-makers by clarifying the determinants of OOP, discussing the mechanisms driving these determinants, and there by underscoring the need to develop policy options for building stronger financial protection mechanisms. The government should consider devoting more resources to providing free or subsidized care. In parallel with government action, the development of other prudential and sustainable risk-pooling mechanisms may help attract enthusiastic subscribers to community-based health insurance schemes.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.93-109
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• 2015

This study explores interpretations of grandmothers' experiences rearing their grandchildren. For this study, 13 participants provided in-depth interview data, which was analyzed according to Spradely's ethnographic method. Based on the pattern of interpretations, nine concepts were classified into three categories: (i) repentance (compulsive decisions, passivity of the childrearing activity, non-compensation); (ii) sorrow (restrictions on everyday life, renunciation of occupational careers, worsened health); and (iii) satisfaction (decreased isolation in old age, proof of existence for their children, intimacy development with their grandchild). The results of this study show that grandmothers have a higher appreciation for the benefits of relational compensation than for personal cost. Some practical implications are suggested to improve family welfare.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.79-89
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• 2006

Current removing process is labor intensive and time consuming, employing a conventional grinding type manual machine. From a social and economic point of views, these kinds of manual tasks bring about social inconvenience and economic loss including traffic jam and high labor costs. The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate a road stripe removal equipment using water jet technology. The following shows the results. First, It was analyzed that the obtainable productivity from the equipment developed in the study is 280% compared to the current equipment. In this study, it was also calculated the Benefit/Cost Ratio and the result showed that the ratio is 3.28, so it is expected that the equipment can produce great benefits for the relevant companies. Second, an analysis was also conducted on the traffic congestion cost, and the equipment could save about \2,550 million per day compared to the conventional equipment. Therefore, it is analyzed that the economic viability of the equipment is sufficient.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.179-194
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• 1991

Despite its universal coverage of health insurance, the rural health insurance program(RHIP) stands at the crossroads in Korea. The RHIP has weaknesses in stability of financing, problems of inequities in the provision of health services and has suffered from high cost of running the program. The author has analyzed these problems from the perspective of health insurance policy and presented several options for improvement. First of all, this study urged the importance of a firm Governmental commitment of RHIP with the 50% subsidization of contributions as the Government had promised, instead of the current 40%. This can be justified from the 20% subsidization by the Government for the contributions of private school teachers and their dependents, who belong to richer segments of the population. Second, various cost containment measures ought to be sought curbing the rising demand for medical through strengthening health education and increasing individual responsibility, and tightening the claim review process. Third, this study requires the Government to run a demonstration project on the introduction of case payment system for primary health care. Fourth introducing an income-related cost sharing scheme is another possibility. Reforming the cost sharing formula for large medical expenditures is recommendable for a beginning. This measure can take the form of tax credit for medical expenditures of the poor. Fifth, the degree of financial adjustment among health insurance plans should be levelled up for enhancing stability of RHIP and social solidarity. Sixth, health policy should be redirected toward development of rural health resources and higher priority should be put on relieving difficulties in access to care. Seventh. the insurance plan owned-hospital needs to be developed or provision of health services in the medically underserved areas, and the need of such facilities is particularly acute for geriatric care, rehabilitation and renal dialysis, etc. Eighth, more generous insurance benefits are required of the elderly who are suffering the most : elimination of the maximum 180 days of benefit period and provision of glasses and artificial dentures, etc. Ninth. the economies of scale principle is working for the operating expenses of regional self-employed insurance plan. Thus, measures should be instituted to pursue an optimum size of health insurance plans. Lastly, excessive dependence on exclusion items is an evil so that some radical remedies are urgently required to cut them.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1499-1512
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• 2014

The purposes of this study are to assess pig farmers' preference for highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine, and estimate the cost and benefit of PRRS vaccination in Vietnam. This study employed an integrated epidemiological and economic analysis which combined susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) model, choice experiment (CE) and cost-benefit analysis (CBA) together. The result of SIR model showed the basic reproduction number ($R_0$) of PRRS transmission in this study is 1.3, consequently, the optimal vaccination percentage is 26%. The results of CE in this study indicate that Vietnam pig farmers are showing a high preference for the PRRS vaccine. However, their mean willingness to pay is lower than the potential cost of PRRS vaccine. It can be considered to be one of the reasons that the PRRS vaccination ratio is still low in Vietnam. The results of CBA specified from the whole society's point of view (Social perspective), the benefits of PRRS vaccination are 2.3 to 4.5 times larger than the costs. To support policy making for increasing the PRRS vaccination proportion, this study indicates two ways to increase the vaccination proportion: i) decrease vaccine price by providing a subsidy, ii) provide compensation of culling only for PRRS vaccinated pigs.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.486-497
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• 2017

Travel voucher for low-income or social disadvantaged groups forms a part of social policies in Korea. The policy can not only provide an opportunity of travel experiences for the socially weak, but also enhance their family capital and social capital. Thus, the travel voucher policy can be beneficial for the participants and their society. However, little research evidence of its evaluation and challenges/benefits exists. In practice, one of the biggest problems is an attrition of travel voucher winners which is to decrease a cost-effect of the travel voucher policy and to increase unnecessary waste of both the federal and human resources. Thus more research is needed to answer the questions why some of winners abandon to go to travel by the voucher, and who is the seceder? In this context, the study empirically examines the attrition propensity for the winners of 2011 Seoul travel voucher from 1,632 respondents and second data from Korea Tourism Organization. This research found that total education years of travel voucher winners have a significant effect on using their voucher. Implications and alternative policies for government policy makers and administrators are discussed by the analyzed results.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.768-774
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to grasp the benefits from pit and fissure sealants and to analyze the factors of influencing the benefit amount by using the raw data of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey for 2007~2013 targeting the subjects aged from 6 years in full to 18 years. The analysis was used STATA 11.0. As a result of the analysis, the following conclusions were obtained. It rose up to 1.24 pieces after carrying out the national health insurance coverage from averagely 0.93 piece until the year in 2007~2009 (up to November) when is before enforcing the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants. The benefits from pit and fissure sealants depending on general characteristics were surveyed to be higher in the higher income level, in the more subscription to health insurance and private insurance, and in the more toothbrushing frequency per day. The factors that have influence upon the benefits from pit and fissure sealants were shown to include whether or not to have the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants, income level, health insurance type and private insurance subscription appearance, and one-day toothbrushing frequency. Synthesizing the results, a rise in the benefits from pit and fissure sealants is shown in 2010 based on December 2009 when the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants was implemented, but is showing the tendency of declining again from 2011. To increase the benefits from pit and fissure sealants, it is thought that the schemes will need to be discussed such as reinforcing publicity on the national health insurance coverage in the pit and fissure sealants, expanding a support for low-income bracket, and differentiating the outpatient cost sharing according to socio-economic level.