• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2003

This study was to investigate obesity and food habit of adolescents in Yosu, Chonnam area. It was surveyed using questionnaires with 551 adolescents consisted of 280 boys and 271 girls. The questionnaire included general charac-teristics, obesity index, eating behavior and snack intake pattern. The results were as follows. The proportion of obese subjects was 10% by Rohrer index but the rate of obesity by body mass index was 3.3%. The self perception of body shape were optimal (47.9%), fat (29.8%), slightly lean (14.5%), obese (4.7%) and lean (3.1%). Generally, the propor-tion of girls responded them as “fat” was greater than boys. The greater percentage of boys responded them as “lean” than girls. The subjects don't take breakfast regularly were 50.8% and the main reason for skipping breakfast was the lack of time (55.2%). The main type of breakfast was cooked rice (78.9%). The most favorite snacks hun out to be cookies (36.5%) and 45.7% of subjects take snacks during the rest. The reason for taking snacks was “feeling hungry” (52.6％) and the taste was the most important factor of snack choice. The results of this study showed that the most of subjects were not in a serious obesity condition, and their eating habits were generally satisfactory. Also, this study has found that it is necessary to educate the students the importance of regular intake of a balanced meal. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 129∼137, 2003)

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.70-82
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• 2004

This study was conducted to investigate the food habits and dietary intakes of University students in Busan areas. The survey was carried out by self-questionnaires with 130 male and 156 female students. The results obtained were as fellows. 1. 95.3% of male and 76.4% of female students answered they are moderate or healthy. The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 94.5% and 81.0% and the rates of smoking were 73.2% and 2.0% respectively 34.6% of male and 56.9% of female students didn't regular exercise. 2. 21.3% of male and 10.5% of female students were satisfied with their current body image and 74.3% of female students wanted thinner figure. Male students attempted to weight control by exercise and females did by exercise and fasting. 3. The average BMI of students were 22.60 in males and 19.53 in females respectively and 78.0%, of female students were underweight. 4. Breakfast was skipped in 79.5%, of male and 83.7% of female students and it appeared male students eat faster than female students. 5 Male students preferred beverage and noodles and females preferred bread, biscuit, snack and beverage as snack food and female students had a higher tendency to enjoy snack time. The frequency of eating out was higher in female students and the standard of food choice was preference > price > convenience > nutritional value. The favorite dishes were meats > poultry > fruits > fishes, cereals, noodles in male and fruits > meats > cereals > poultry > noodles > fishes in female students. 6. The average energy intake were 1715.70kca1 in male and 1588.71kcal in female students respectively and the intakes of Ca, vitamin A and B2 were lower than RDA in male and female students.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of health lifestyle on high protein snack selection attributes and purchase behaviors among individuals aged 20-30 with high protein snack intake. In addition, the relationship between perception, attitude, satisfaction and recommendation of high protein snacks was invested. Finally, this study aims to provide basic information for marketing high-protein snacks and customized high protein snacks. Analysis of the selection attributes most important for healthy lifestyle, revealed significant differences among all groups excluding the external seeking group (p<0.001). The free living group regarded trust as one of the most important attributes of high protein snack selection, and both the tempered control group and the low-interest group found sensation and price factor to be important. Therefore, when developing high-protein snacks, it is important to determine which attributes of the snack will be highlighted by segmenting the consumer into health lifestyles. Focusing on what ingredients are used to develop high-protein snacks and nutritional ingredients is also important when targeting a free lifestyle group as the main customer. In addition, developing snacks that do not offer depending on the protein content is important when targeting a temperate management group or a low-interest group.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.487-496
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• 1998

The survey was conducted in July first to 15th, among 463 elementary school students, 4th grade to 6th grade in Chonj. The subjects were 252 male and 211 female students. The mean age of the subjects was 9.8 year The percent of relative body weight of the subjects compared to Korean standard was 100.1%, it almost matched to Korean standard. The percent of relative body weight in male students was 100.4%, where as the female's was 99.7%. Thirty six percent of the subjects have breakfast irregularly. The reason skipping breakfast were 'no appetite' 50.5%, 'get up late' 35.8%,' no delicious food' 18.2%. The reason skipping breakfast was significantly different by sex and obese index. The frequency taking snack was significantly different by sex, 34.6% of female subjects took snack more than twice per day, while 16.7% of male subjects did it. The most frequently taking snack were fruits, the points was 4.0 of 5.0. Ramyun, Sundai were taking more frequently among males than females. Females took fruits more frequently than males. Hot dog, ice cream ,and chocolate intakes were significantly different by obese index. The most preference of snack were fruits and ice cream in all subjects. The preference of ramyun, hamburger, egg, chicken, dried squid, milk, peanut, and soft drink were higher in males than in females. Biscuit, ice cream, and chocolate preference were significantly different in obese index.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.47-59
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• 2015

In this study, we investigated the dietary habits, snacks, and self-purchasing snacks (SPS) intake behaviors of 519 elementary school students (boys=239, girls=280). Obesity was significantly higher (p<0.05) in boys (24.8%) than in girls (14.7%) and the proportion of underweight subjects was higher compared to normal or other weight groups for both the boys and the girls. There were 7.5% of the subjects in the group that always skipped breakfast, and the main reason of skipping breakfast was insufficient time (51.9%). The snack intake frequency was once or twice per week for 23.1% of the subjects and three or four times per week for 25.1%. The SPS intake frequency was the subjects zero for 35.6% of the highest level of the responders, while 6.8% of the respondents took more than once SPS per day. 59.6% of the respondents consumed SPS due to hunger while 15.0% consumed SPS out of boredom. The SPS was purchased from supermarkets in 34.5% of the cases, from convenience stores in 24.1% and from snack corners in 20.0% of cases or from a store near school in 14.5% of the cases. Analysis of SPS behaviors according to obesity index showed that parent's opinion of 'permission to buy SPS as needed' had a significant effect in 64.5% over weight subjects compared to only 53.7% in underweight groups. The subjects who used more than 3/4 of their pocket money to buy SPS was higher in the overweight groups (16.4%) than in the underweight groups (7.0%) and normal weight groups (9.8%). The favorite snacks and SPS were milk and yogurt for 45.7% of the subjects, fruits for 42.7%, ice cream for 26.4%, fruit juices for 23.8%, sweet stuff for 16.4%, frozen dessert for 8.9%, and chocolate or candy for 8.1% in descending order. The intake frequency of milk, yogurt, and fruit juices was higher in the underweight groups, but the intake frequency of sweet stuff, frozen dessert, and chocolate or candy was higher in over weight groups. The intake of frozen dessert was more than four times higher in the overweight groups than in the underweight groups. In conclusion, dietary habits, snacks, and SPS intake behaviors were similar between the boys and the girls and obesity groups, but most students appeared to have a high preference for intake snacks and SPS. Therefore, education for appropriate snacks intake habits will be beneficial for improving their dietary habits and health.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1973

With the object of the study id every possible correlation between daily food intake and growth rate of primary school students, aged eleven years old, the author distributed prepared questionnaires through 200 children of 5th grade in both sexes in K private primary school, Seoul. Specific object of this study were included following three points: such as daily food intake records for six days. daily food intake records for six days. school records of sample children at the end of 4th grade. physical growth index calculated by means of weight and height of sample children at the first part of the 5th grade. CR. t. F. test as well as percentage calculations were included for statistical analysis. The result of this study were as follows: 1. For the living circumstances a) Average numbers of brother and sister in sampled family were two to three. b) Approximately 50%of the children were brought up by mother's milk at their infants and about 35% of children were weaned at the age of 7 to 12 months. c) Thirty to forty percent of the respondents revealed irregulity in their meal time due to early school time in the morning. d) Monthly average expenditure for daily food reached 20 to 29% out of total income. e) The most favorit foods reflect as follows: The most favorit main dish is boiled rice mixed with other careals and side dish beaf. Fruits and juice are more popular snack among whole children. 2. Nutrition survey a) The calcium and thiamine were the most limited factors out of daily nutrients consumption. b) The total calory intake were composed of carbohydrate 63%, protein 16% and fat 21% respectively. c) The total food intake were composed of 20 to 24% of animal source of foods and 76 to 80% of plant source of foods (vegetables, grains, fruits) d) The total protein intake were composed of 46% of animal protein and 54% of others. e) The grain stuffs consumed in the largest quantity at the level of 50% out whole food groups. f) Twenty four percent of total food intake came from snack between meal time. 3. The result of statistical analysis were as follows: a) The correlation between the calory intake and plysical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of p<0.001. b) The correlation between the protein intake and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of p<0.001. c) The correlation between the meal time and physical growth index revealed statistical significancy at the level of 0.02

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find gender differences in physical activity, dietary habit and nutrient intake in 4∼6th grade students in elementary school. Physical activity assessment showed that males significantly engaged in more vigorous activity with longer duration than females. It was found that females skipped their breakfast more often and had more snack than males. On the other hand, males were more indulged in peaky eating, despite their good practice of drinking milk. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that energy intakes in both males and females were not sufficient. Furthermore, subjects, regardless of gender, consumed marginal intakes of Ca and Fe. Special attention should be given to marginal intakes of Ca in the subjects. Due to low Fe intake in females, more caution should be taken to include a meal which can enhance iron absorption. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented to choose nutrient dense foods and activities that lead to better health.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-106
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective school dental health education for dental caries prevention， relation knowledge of class, feeding practice and snack intake preference actual conditions, food and caries executed investigation by own recording way using questionnaire consisted of dental health education awareness to some business world man high school locating in Kyonggi Province. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence The obtain result were as follows 1. Results about habit of breakfast was the most by 36.1% a student who have breakfast every day, and a student who hardly eat dominated 32.9%. Second-year student hardly had breakfast (p<.01). 2. A student who answer that snack kind that often eat was cookies and snack kind was the most by 37.2%, and a student who answer that symbol drink was a carbonated drink was the most by 50.9%. 3. Relation knowledge degree appeared grand mean among 18 points perfect score by 12.36 with food and caries. Third-year student knowledge degree was the highest, and second-year student was the lowest knowledge degree by class (p<.01). 4. Existence and nonexistence of experience of dental health education appeared a student who experience that take dental health education does not exist by 57.1%. There was experience that take dental health education as class is low by class, and as class is high, experience did not exists (p<.05). 5. Time that take dental health education for the first time was the most by 56.7% a student who respond 'Babyhood', grade in school is low by class 'Babyhood', and is high by class responded 'Middle school'(p<.05). 6. Awareness of dental health education necessity 'may educate dental health and does not' a student 56.3%, half was looked attitude which students who exceed are insincere about dental health education necessity. 7. When educate dental health, contents was the most by 44.6% 'brushing and mouth article directions' to be educated importantly, and was expose by caries 31.2%, gum disease 10.1%, scaling 9.0%, prosthetic dentistry and implant 5.1% period of ten days, third-year student 50.8% said that 'brushing and mouth article directions' is important (p<.05). Dental health education is practiced during life, and is a teaching that should be remembered. Need to develop epoch-making and interesting education program that is correct in subject to do as quickly as possible, and should be achieved major road of dental hygienist. Dental hygienist will have to settle as quickly as possible as expert of prevention that is natural business and education and help in dental health education development under effort between country and dental association effective.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.485-493
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• 2003

Trans 지방산 섭취 수준을 파악하기 위하여 부산지역 중학생 800명을 대상으로 식행동 조사와 3일간의 식사기록법을 실시하였다. 식행동 조사에서 조사대상자들의 간식회수는 1일 2회 (35.3%)가 가장 많았으며, 간식 시 선호하는 식품은 아이스크림 (68.2%), 우유(57.0%), 파이(26.4%) 등이었다. 외식 시 선호하는 식품으로는 자장면(54.6%), 양념통닭(50.5%), 닭튀김(35.3%)등의 순이었다 1일 평균trans지방산 섭취수준은 남학생 1.40$\pm$0.05g,여학생 1.89$\pm$0.06g이며 전체평균 1.68$\pm$0.04g으로 여학생이 남학생보다 높았으며, 유의적인 차이가 있었다(p<0.001). 우유와 유제품, 육류 및 가공품 등에 포함되어 있는 천연적으로 생성되는 trans 지방산의 섭취 수준은 평균 1.04 $\pm$ 0.03 g으로 1일 trans 지방산 섭취량의 약 62.1%였으며 인공적으로 생성된 trans지방산의 섭취 수준은 평균이 0.64$\pm$0.02g이며 총 trans지방산 섭취량의 37.9%로 나타났다. 남ㆍ여 평균 trans 지방산의 섭취량은 1일 섭취 총 열량의 0.8%, 1일 총 지방의 3.16%였다. Trans 지방산 섭취수준은 여학생일 경우 용돈수준이 4만원에서 5만원 미만이 가장 높았으며, 간식빈도는 거의하지 않는 경우(2개월에 2회)가 4.56$\pm$1.55 g으로 가장 높았다. Trans 지방산 섭취의 주요 급원은 우유 및 유제품(34.3%), 빵류(18.3%), 어육류와 가공품(16.2%)의 순이었다. 본 연구의 결과, 우리나라 국민 전체의 trans지방산 섭취수준은 외국에 비해 그다지 높은 수준은 아니지만 현재의 식생활 패턴과 변화 추이를 볼 때 앞으로 tran지방산 섭취수준은 증가될 것으로 예상되므로 한국인의 trans지방산 섭취수준에 대한 연구 분석이 계속 진행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.451-461
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• 2009

본 연구는 뇌성마비 아동의 성장발달에 기여할 간식개발을 위한 기초자료를 수집하기 위해 만 $1{\sim}7$세의 뇌성마비아동과 어머니 각각 99명을 대상으로 뇌성마비 아동의 신체발육과 식습관, 영양섭취상태, 간식섭취실태를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같았다. WLI(Weight-Length Index)를 기준으로 비만도를 판정한 결과 저체중아비율은 45.5%, 정상아는 45.5%, 과체중아는 6.0%, 비만아는 3.0%로 나타났다. Waterlow 분류법을 이용하여 영양불량상태의 정도를 분류 해 본 결과 정상인 아동이 76.6%, 쇠약인 아동이 10.3%, 성장부진인 아동이 8.0%, 성장부진과 쇠약인 아동이 5.0%로 나타났다. 아동들의 영양섭취실태를 알아보기 위해 아동들이 식사 섭취한 내용을 한국인 일일 영양권장량과 비교분석한 결과 아연과 엽산의 섭취량 비율(%RI)은 모든 연령대에서 권장섭취량에 미달하였다. 권장섭취량의 75% 이하를 섭취하는 아동의 비율은 엽산(76.8%)과 아연(76.8%), 열량 (59.8%), 칼슘(52.4%), 철(52.4%)의 경우 50% 이상이었고, 권장섭취량의 125% 이상을 섭취하는 아동들의 비율이 단백질은 85.4%, 비타민 B6은 53.7%로 나타났다. 어머니들이 주로 구입하는 시판간식은 우유 및 유제품(43.5%)과 과일류 (33.3%)가 많았고 시판 간식에 대해서는 첨가물(보존료, 색소)을 가장 문제점으로 생각하고 있었다. 아동들을 위해서 성장발달에 도움이 되는 간식(50.5%)이 새로 개발되기를 가장 바라고 있어서 이에 대한 요구도가 가장 높았으며, 새로개발되기를 바라는 간식의 종류로는 떡류(47.5%)와 과자류 (24.2%) 및 빵류(22.3%)를 선호하였다. 본 연구결과를 통하여 뇌성마비 아동은 정상아동에 비해 성장이 느리고 영양소섭취량도 현저히 낮은 것을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구대상 아동들이 현재의 식품 섭취량으로만 계속 섭취한다면 정상적인 성장을 할 수 없을 것이다. 따라서 뇌성마비 아동과 같이 저영양 상태에 있는 아동의 성장발달과 건강증진을 위한 간식제품의 개발이 시급한 것으로 보인다. 새로 개발될 뇌성마비 아동을 위한 간식모형 도출결과 간식제품은 권장섭취량과 비교했을 때 가장 섭취가 부족한 것으로 나타난 아연과 엽산을 보충하여 성장발달에 보조역할을 할 수 있고 아동들의 저작기능을 향상시키고 손에 잡기 쉬운 형태인 떡의 형태가 가장 적합한 형태로 도출되었으므로 향후 이러한 간식 개발에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 연구의 제한점은 뇌성마비 아동의 식사 섭취 조사의 어려움으로 인하여 일일의 식품섭취량만을 조사하여 보고한 것이라 할 수 있다. 그리고 아연과 같은 미량영양소의 영양 상태를 정확하게 측정할 수 있는 생화학적 조사가 더 이루어져야 할 것이다.