• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.161-177
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• 2013

This study aims to provide basic evidence for establishing prevention programs of school' mental health by identifying the factors of middle and high school student's depression and suicidal ideation related to stress of peer-relationship. For this purpose, we analyzed the data of 6,924 (who Experienced stress related to peer-relationship) among the 2012 Korean Youth Health Risk Behavior Online Survey(8th). In demographic characteristics, subjective academic achievement affects depression in the case of girls. In health-related characteristics, medical treatment by violence, drinking experience, smoking experience have an effect on depression in the case of boys. Subjective health, drinking experience, smoking experience, drug experience are the factors affecting suicidal ideation both boys and girls. In order to promote mental health of youth, school-based prevention education complementing existing realistic problems needs to be implemented.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.49-62
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• 2002

This study was intended to examine the pattern and level of experience of voice problems and risk factors in school teacher, to offer basic data to prevent voice problems. The subjects were 180 school teachers from primary, middle, and high school teachers in C City, Chonbuk. Data were collected by questionnaires survey from April 30, 2001 to May 10, 2001. 56.6% of the subjects experienced voice problems such as "H-notes difficult"($2.68{\pm}.86$), followed by "Tired voice"($2.32{\pm}.93$), "Effortful voice"($2.27{\pm}.90$), and "Drying of throat"($2.21{\pm}.91$). According to general characteristics, smoking subjects showed higher voice problem than no smoking subjects and this difference was statistically significant(t=2.76, p=.007). According to voice related characteristics, "Speaking loudly" subjects showed higher voice problem than those no "Speaking loudly"(t=-2.02, p=.045). "Speaking effortful" subjects measured higher voice problem than those of "Speaking effortful" and this difference was statistically significant(t=-3.34, p=.001). The inspection of the relation of cause affecting school teachers showed that it had an interacting effect of voice habit, smoking, experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience, by staged it accounted for 55.3% of the total voice problem. The total voice problem indicated a positive correlation(p=.000). Conclusion: over half of the school teachers have experienced voice problems, higher perceived related of voice symptom and physical symptom factors. Also, because there are significant differences in voice problem according to smoking, voice habits of "Speaking loudly", "Speaking effortful", experienced voice problem, treatment(due to voice problem) experience.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2017

Objectives: Subjective life expectancy (SLE) has been found to show a significant association with mortality. In this study, we aimed to investigate the major factors affecting SLE. We also examined whether any differences existed between SLE and actuarial life expectancy (LE) in Korea. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1000 individuals in Korea aged 20-59 was conducted. Participants were asked about SLE via a self-reported questionnaire. LE from the National Health Insurance database in Korea was used to evaluate differences between SLE and actuarial LE. Age-adjusted least-squares means, correlations, and regression analyses were used to test the relationship of SLE with four categories of predictors: demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors. Results: Among the 1000 participants, women (mean SLE, 83.43 years; 95% confidence interval, 82.41 to 84.46 years; 48% of the total sample) had an expected LE 1.59 years longer than that of men. The socioeconomic factors of household income and housing arrangements were related to SLE. Among the health behaviors, smoking status, alcohol status, and physical activity were associated with SLE. Among the psychosocial factors, stress, self-rated health, and social connectedness were related to SLE. SLE had a positive correlation with actuarial estimates (r=0.61, p<0.001). Gender, household income, history of smoking, and distress were related to the presence of a gap between SLE and actuarial LE. Conclusions: Demographic factors, socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and psychosocial factors showed significant associations with SLE, in the expected directions. Further studies are needed to determine the reasons for these results.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.90-100
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• 2008

대구광역시 3개 인문계고등학교 364명, 경산시, 경주시, 안동시 인문계 고등학교 각 1개교씩 456명 등 인문계 고등학교 학생 920명을 대상으로 2003년 8월부터 9월까지 2개월간 구조화 된 설문지를 이용하여 조기흡연 경험률과 관련 요인을 분석하고자 연구를 시행하였다.대상자의 조기흡연 경험률은 1.8%였다. 흡연동기에 대한 복수응답결과 ‘호기심’이 20.2%로 가장 높았고, ‘친구의 권유’가 9.0%, ‘스트레스 해소’가 6.2%였다. 지속적으로 흡연을 하는 이유에 대해서는 ‘습관 때문에’가 53.1%로 가장 높았고, ‘스트레스 해소’가 26.5%, ‘친구와 어울리기 위해서’가 8.2%였다. 흡연경험 학생의 금연 동기는 ‘건강 때문에’가 68.4%로 가장 높았으며, 금연을 시도한 경험이 있는 학생들의 금연 실패이유는 ‘의지가 약해서’가 58.7%로 가장 높았다. 흡연경험 학생의 향후 금연계획에 대한 설문 결과 ‘금연계획이 없다’는 학생이 12.6%였으며, ‘언젠가 금연하겠다’는 학생은 26.6%였다. 이경수, 강복수, 황태윤, 김상규 10대상 학생의 현재 흡연율은 10.8%였으며, 조기흡연 경험이 있는 학생에서의 현재흡연율은 13.8%였고, 조기흡연 경험이 없는 학생의 현재 흡연율은 10.4%로 차이는 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 조기흡연과 가족 중 흡연자 여부(p<0.01)와 향후 흡연 의향(p<0.05)이 유의한 관련성이 있었다.조기흡연 여부를 종속변수로 시행한 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석에서는 스트레스 점수가 높을수록, 가족 중에 흡연자가 있을수록 조기흡연에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.청소년의 조기흡연이 증가하고 있으므로, 조기흡연의 실태를 파악하고 관련요인을 밝혀 조기흡연을 예방함으로써 흡연율과 흡연시작연령을 연장시키기 위한 방안을 마련해야 하며, 조기흡연의 경험이 있는 학생들의 지속적 흡연을 방지하여야 한다. 이를 위하여 학교 내외에서 적용할 수 있는 초등학생에 적합한 흡연예방 및 금연교육 프로그램을 개발하여야 힐 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2019

이 연구는 한국 성인의 전자담배 사용과 관련된 요소들을 조사하기 위해 수행되었다. 카이제곱 검정, 로지스틱회귀분석을 통해2015년 한국질병통제센터에서 실시한 지역건강조사228,477건을 분석하였다. 전자담배평생 유병율이 남성 11.1%, 여성 0.8%로 나타났다. 현재 전자담배 흡연율은 남성이 24.2%, 여성이 26.1%로 였다. 평생전자담배 흡연경험율은 연령 교육수준, 직업, 소득상태 및 현재흡연상태와 각각 유의미하게 관련되어 있었다. 현재의 보편적인 전자담배 흡연이 현 흡연상태와 유의한 관련이 있는 것은 과거에 흡연했던 그룹보다 현재흡연자 그룹이 현저히 높은 경험을 보이고 있는 것이다. 전자담배의 선호는 높았다. 전자담배는 금연을 목적으로 하는 이들이 전자담배가 일반담배에 비해 금연 효과가 있는 것처럼 인식하고 있었고, 흡연에서 오는 쾌감이나 중독성을 만족시켜 주었다. 따라서 전자담배는 흡연에 대한 딜레마에서 벗어날 수 있는 해결책으로 반영되어 선호도가 높았다. 2014년 전자담배 수입은 전년도 대비 약 3배 증가했고 세계적으로도 전자담배에 대한 관심이 증가하고 있다. 우리는 전자담배의 예방과 중단에 관련된 특징을 고려해야 한다. 흡연자들이 잘못된 흡연관련 건강인식을 개선하기 위한 금연교육 강화와 금연 위해성에 대한 적극적인 홍보가 필요하다. WHO에서도 전자담배의 안전성을 담보하거나 효과가 있다고 인정한 근거가 부족하다고 권고하고 있다. 전자 담배의 사용 동기에 있어서 중요한 환경적인 요인들을 확인하고 전자담배인식과 사용에 대한 연관성을 분석하는 연구들을 모색해야 한다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.1265-1278
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• 2000

This study was carried out to assess the perception of decisional balance of Korean subjects about 4 health behaviors and to identify the influencing factor of decisional balance for exercise acquisition, smoking cessation, mammography screening and Kegel's exercise acquisition. All are representative health behaviors nurses can intervene in Korea based on the Transtheoretical model. Convenient samples of 2,484 subjects (191; exercise, 169; smoking cessation, 1903; mammography screening and 221; Kegel's exercise) were selected from cities and counties over 9 provinces throughout Korea, and the data was collected from January 1, 1999 to February 29, 2000. The research instrument were the Decisional Balance Measure for Exercise (Marcus & Owen., 1992), Smoking Cessation (Velicer et al., 1985), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel Exercise (Lim, 1999) and Stage of Change Measure for Exercise (Marcus et al, 1992), Smoking Cessation (DiClemente et al., 1991), Mammography Screening (Rakowski et al.,1992) and Kegel's Exercise (Lim, 1999). The data was analyzed by the SAS Program. The results are as follows; 1. According to the stage of change measure, 2,484 subjects were distributed in each stage of change for four health behaviors: 1,233 subjects (49.8%), 745 subjects (30.2%), 113 subjects (4.7%), 156 subjects (6.5%), and 216 (8.7%) belonged to the pre- contemplation stage, contemplation stage, preparation stage, action stage and maintenance stage. They were all series of stages of change in their efforts to do health behavior. 2. Factor analysis identified 3 factors (1 of Pros, 2 of Cons) for the exercise, 4 factors for smoking cessation (2 of Pros, 2 of Cons), 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for the mammogram screening and 2 factors (1 of Pros, 1 of Cons) for Kegel's exercise of decisional balance. 3. The analysis of variance and multiple comparison analysis showed that for all 4 samples, the Cons of changing the problem behaviors outweighed the Pros for subjects who were in the pre- contemplation stage, The opposite was true for subjects in action and maintenance stage. 4. Through the discriminant analysis, it was found that one factor of Pros for exercise, one factor of Cons for smoking cessation, 1 factor of Cons for mammogram screening and one factor of Cons for Kegel's exercise were the more influencing factors, than others in discriminating the stages of change. Results are consistent with the applications of the Transtheoretical model, which have been used to understand how people change health behaviors. This results provide some evidence that subject's report of his/her health behavior corresponds to beliefs about usefulness of related health behaviors. The results of this study have implications for patients' health education and health intervention strategies. The findings of this study give useful information for nursing educators for 4 health behaviors, especially the factors relating to decision making in the different stages of change.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6807-6812
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• 2013

Background: Lung cancer is a major cause of Korean female mortality and is clearly associated with smoking. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES IV-2,3), which included both self-reports of smoking and urinary cotinine data, revealed a significant discrepancy between the prevalence of self-reported and biochemically-verified female smokers. The factors associated with accurate self-reporting of current smoking status remain poorly understood, however. Materials and Methods: We assessed the prevalence of smoking in KNHANES using both self-report and urinary cotinine data. Subsequently, using univariate and multivariate tests, we assessed whether age, intensity of smoking, marital status, relationship with cohabitants, education, occupation, residential area, or annual household income were associated with inaccurate self-reporting in Korean females. We also investigated whether the prevalence of inaccurate self-reports changed over the survey period, 2008-2009. Results: The prevalence of self-reported smoking was 47.8% in males and 6.6% in females. By contrast, the prevalence of smoking as assessed by urinary cotinine levels was 52.2% in males and 14.5% in females. Of the 746 females with urinary cotinine levels >50ng/ml, 407 (56.0%) provided inaccurate self-reports. In a multivariate model, age group(40-49: OR 3.54, 95%CI 1.42-8.86, p=0.007; ref :20-29), cotinine intensity(OR 0.999, 95%CI 0.998-0.999, p<0.001), marital status (married but without spouse: OR 0.37, 95%CI 0.15-0.94, p=0.037; ref :never married), relationship with cohabitants (living with a spouse and unmarried child: OR 2.63, 95%CI 1.44-4.80, p=0.002; living with 2 generations except unmarried child: OR 2.53, 95%CI 1.09-5.87, p=0.030; living with ${\geq}3$ generations: OR 3.25, 95%CI 1.48-7.10, p=0.003; ref :spouse only) and education(college or higher: OR 2.73, 95%CI 1.04-7.18, p=0.042; ref :elementary or less) were independently associated with inaccurate self-reports. Conclusions: The trend of smoking prevalence of Korean females is likely to decrease. However, an elevated prevalence of inaccurate self-reports by females remains. Factors related to the intensity of smoking and family status appear to influence whether a Korean female provides an accurate self-report when asked about smoking behavior.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.678-690
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to identify skin health status and the factors influencing skin hydration in the institutionalized elderly. Methods: The subjects were 139 elders living in 2 nursing homes in Seoul. Data for skin health status were collected by measurement of skin hydration, sebum, trans-epidermal water loss and pH using Corneometer, Sebumeter, Tewameter and Skin pH-meter on face, flank, arm and leg. Baseline data were collected by a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSS/WIN 12.0 program. Results: Skin hydration and pH were relatively low especially on arms and legs but sebum and TEWL were not low, relatively. There were significant differences in skin health status according to gender, smoking, alcohol intake, and bath cleanser. There was significant positive correlation between skin-hydration and bath-time, TEWL and bath-frequency. Smoking, bath-cleanser, bath-time. pH and gender were identified as the significant influencing factors of skin hydration. Conclusion: Smoking, bath-time and pH need to be considered as important control factors for increasing skin health status in the institutionalized elderly.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.265-279
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• 2015

Purpose: Most research on risky drinking among adults in Korea has focused on problem drinking and high-risk drinking. This paper examines the nature of heavy episodic drinking_(HED) among adults and seeks to identify the risk factors for HED by analyzing differences by gender and age. Method: Participants were 3,886 adults aged 19-64 years from the database of the fifth Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (KNHANES-V, 2010). Data were analyzed by conducting the Rao_Scott chi-square test, an ANCOVA, and logistic analysis with SAS 9.2. Results: Individuals between 19 and 29 years of age had the highest HED among all age groups. Individuals between 40 and 49 (male adults) and those between 30 and 39 (female adults) showed HED associated with stress, suicidal ideation, smoking, and other health behavior-related variables. Risk factors that affected HED in male adults were age, educational status, and current smoking, while for female adults, the factors were age, educational status, employment, marital status, and current smoking. Conclusions: It is necessary to develop appropriate intervention programs that abate negative emotions and lessen the risk of HED in adults with consideration to gender and age differences.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2008

Objective : This study was conducted to integrate the results of studies which show the relationship between risk factors(smoking, drinking, intaking coffee, exercise, BMI, family history, hypertension, DM, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, TIA) and the incidence of stroke in Korean adults. Methods : We surveyed 17 stroke-related articles, published between 1995 and 2007, and conduct meta-analysis. And we estimated common odds ratio(OR). Results : The overall OR of risk factors associated CVD were as follow : Smoking had a 2.488 OR, no regular exercise had a 1.942 OR, $BMI{\geq}25$ had a 1.848 OR, hypertension had a 6.053 OR, DM had a 2.931 OR, heart disease had a 5.455 OR, and TIA had a 5.238 OR. Conclusion : The result of this study suggest that smoking, no regular exercise, $BMI{\geq}25$, hypertension, DM, heart disease, and TIA are important risk factor of stroke.