• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.665-672
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• 2015

Purpose: The aims of current study were to assess the inhaler competency and medication adherence, and to identify association of inhaler competency with medication adherence in patients with obstructive lung disease. Methods: We did a secondary analysis of the Hanyang Obstructive Pulmonary Evaluation data in a single institution from June 2014 to April 2015 after an approval of Institutional Review Board. A total of 150 patients with asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease participated in the study. Inhaler competency was evaluated accuracy in each step for using metered dose inhaler. Medication adherence was calculated using actually dispensed doses based on the prescribed inhaler doses. Results: Older adults (${\geq}65$) had lower competency in using inhaler (66.7 vs 83.3, z=-4.52, p<.001) and poorer medication adherence (67.7 vs 91.8, $x^2=14.06$, p<.001) than adults (<65). Inhaler competency was associated with medication adherence (p=.26, p=.001). Surprisingly, more than 50% of patients were current smokers. Conclusion: Inhaler competency and medication adherence were lower in older adults with obstructive lung disease than those in adult-age patients. Therefore, an individual education program for older patients should be developed to improve the rates of proper use of inhalers. Nursing management for obstructive lung disease should focus on developing behavioral intervention strategies for smoking cessation.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to dental caries and periodontal disease in Korean adults. Methods: The subjects were 5,149 adults over 19 years old who participated in the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2012. Data were analyzed by chi-square test and logistic regression analysis using SPSS 18.0 statistical package program. The questionnaire consisted of 17 questions of independent variables and 2 kinds of dependent variables including dental caries and periodontal diseases by direct interview. The independent variables included 5 questions of general characteristics, 3 questions of health behavior, 5 questions of oral health behavior, and 4 questions of chronic diseases diagnosed by the doctors. Results: The prevalence rate of dental caries was higher in those who did not regularly work out and did not receive regular checkups including dental floss and dental brush use. The prevalence rate of periodontal diseases was higher in male adults, smokers, and those who were obese and had diabetes mellitus, poor oral health care habit without using dental floss and inter-dental brush. Conclusions: In order to prevent the dental caries in the adults, it is very important to do regular exercise and regular dental checkup. The best ways of dental caries prevention include tooth brushing after meal with use of dental floss and inter-dental brush. This study suggests that dental health promotion can be enhanced by smoking cessation, ideal body weight maintenance, timely tooth brushing after meal, and use of dental floss and inter-dental brush.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.278-302
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• 1994

This article reviewed and analyzed 39 studies on self efficacy theory applied to health related behavior. The following analysis was done : 1) study subjects 2) measurement tools 3) analysis according to the type of research design(intervention re-search, explanatory research). Some findings are summarized as follows : The study subjects were both healthy people in various developmental stages and patients with various illnesses. The health related behaviors examined in the studies were also various including exercise, smoking cessation, self care behaviors, etc. The measurement of self efficacy was done with specific tools in most studies. In the tools, activities that measured the health behavior domain were listed according to increasing difficulty or contexual arrangement or in combination of both of them The analysis of 17 intervention research studies showed that generally the intervention program increased the self efficacy level of subjects and then the increased strongly self efficacy influenced behavioral changes. Most studies used more than one intervention method for increasing the self efficacy level. these were derived from sources of self efficacy suggested by Bandura. The analysis of 21 explanatory research studies showed that self efficacy strongly influenced behavior change and persistence. The major independent variable to affect the self efficacy was performance accomplishment in the past. Self efficacy explained more of the variance in health related behavior when it was applied with the variables in the health belief model, health promotion model, and reasoned action theory. On the basis of the above findings, the following suggestions are made : 1. For a desirable research design, self efficacy should be the intervening variable. That is, desirable designs would include intervention-self efficacy-behavior in intervention research studies and antecedent-self efficacy-behavior in explanatory research studies. 2. More prospective, longitudinal studies are needed to test the effect of self efficacy on persistence in health related behavior. 3. Studies comparing the effects of intervention methods are needed for each health related behavior, subject group, and context. 4. It is necessary to develop a reliable, valid measurement tool for self efficacy for each health related behavior. 5. Studies to differenciate the effect of self efficacy from that of outcome expectation on the health related behavior are necessary. 6. The antecedents of self efficacy should be investigated further.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.459-466
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• 2018

This study investigated a systematic literature review on local and international literatures focusing on Participatory Action Research(PAR), Community Based Participatory Research(CBPR) in workplace and community. Eighty percent of the 10 studies reviewed included research involving health professionals, community networks, workers, and university researchers. Health promotion programs varied from health and safety awareness, smoking cessation, diabetes management, physical activity, self-efficacy enhancement, cardiovascular disease, musculoskeletal disorders and mental health. PAR, CBPR are required to participate actively in research through community collaboration to promote health. We can solve problems at the community level. And identified sustainable effects when developing and implementing a health promotion program. PAR and CBPR are expected to continuously pursue change by adjusting the scope of individuals, organizations, communities, and institutional dimensions. They are also expected to be implemented for workers in the various workplace.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.200-210
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• 2003

Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of a health promotion program(HPP) on self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle and blood lipid profile in employees with hyperlipidemia. Methods: The subjects were forty-three employees who were diagnosed as having hyperlipidemia during routine health examination at two worksites in Seoul in 2001. Of the forty-three subjects, thirty were allocated to the experimental group and the remaining thirteen were allocated to the control group. Data were collected from September 24, 2001 to March 16, 2002. The HPP was applied to the experimental group for 11 weeks and included health education, diet counseling, watching videos, conference, and so on. The health education included information about exercise, smoking cessation, and abstinence from drinking alcohol and seven sessions of hyperlipidemia education. The experimental group was requested to keep a daily health promotion lifestyle diary. This diary was analyzed by a dietician and subjects were instructed based on the results. As for data analyses, wilcoxon signed rank test and wilcoxon rank sum test and x2-test were carried out using SAS program. Results: 1. Self-efficacy scores of the experimental group were significantly more increased than those of the control group (experimental: 5.86 10.80, control: -4.04 11.91, p=0.018). 2. Healthy lifestyle scores of the experimental group were significantly more increased than those of the control group (experimental: 0.19 0.26, control: -0.05 0.29, p=0.024). 3. Blood total cholesterol values of the experimental group were significantly more decreased than those of the control group (experimental: -13.07 30.10mg/dl, control: 10.00 26.57mg/dl, p=0.033). 4. Blood triglyceride values of the experimental group were significantly more decreased than those of the control group (experimental: -29.17 192.40mg/dl, control: 63.31 107.53mg/dl, p=0.050). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the HHP could be effective in improving self-efficacy, healthy lifestyle and blood HDL cholesterol and decreasing blood total cholesterol in employees with hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the HHP could be suggested as an effective nursing intervention for employees in the worksite by ultimately preventing cerebral and cardiac vessel complications related to hyperlipidemia.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.455-465
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• 1999

Background: Even though lung cancer has become a major cancer in Korea, national survey for lung cancer has not been available except several reports from individual hospitals. Methods: Korean Academy of Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases retrospectively investigated the characteristics of lung cancer diagnosed from January 1997 to December 1997 at general hospitals over 400 beds. Results: Among 3,794 patients, 76.8% are smokers and 89.8% of male patients are smokers. Squamous cell carcinoma is the leading type of lung cancer(44.7%) followed by adenocarcinoma(27.9%). Smoking rate in adenocarcinoma was significantly lower than in squamous cell carcinoma and small cell cancer. Cough is the most common symptom, however, 7.2% are asymptomatic. Bronchoscopic biopsy has a main role in the diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma and small cell cancer but percutaneous needle biopsy has more important role in adenocarcinoma. Two-thirds of NSCLC patients were found in unresectable advanced stages. Conclusion: In contrast to other countries, squamous cell carcinoma is still the most frequent type of lung cancer. High proportions of smoker and advanced, unresectable lung cancer urge us to develop the program for cessation of smoking and early detection.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1047-1057
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine if high risk drinkers are different from normal drinkers in terms of drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, and alcohol outcome expectancy. A total of 139 university male students in D area completed a self-reporting questionnaires to assess general characteristics, drinking motives, drinking refusal self-efficacy, alcohol outcome expectancy, and amount of drinking. The subjects were divided into high risk drinking and normal drinking based on a CDC guideline. The results of study show that high risk drinking group has higher odds for current smoking (adjusted OR=2.95, 95% CI [1.08, 8.05]), psychology major (adjusted OR=3.79, 95% CI [1.05, 13.71]), and enhancement motives (adjusted OR=2.64, 95% CI [1.15, 6.09]), whereas lower odds for junior grade (adjusted OR=0.21, 95% CI [0.05, 0.96]) and drinking refusal self-efficacy in social pressure (adjusted OR=0.42, 95% CI [0.24, 0.73]). The results suggest that drinking educational nursing intervention and smoking cessation program for university students are necessary to prevent high risk drinking effects.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.3
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• pp.71-85
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• 1993

The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of workplace health promotion activites. For this objective, questionaire was requested to 648 trainees of Korea Industrial Safety Corporation. Respondents' positions were safety manager, health care manager, or representatives of employee. Major findings are as follows: 1) Of responding workplaces, 66.2% supported the activities related to promote employees' health. The support rate was higher of Manufacturing and Tranport than others. And the lager workplaces had the higher support rate. 2) Most frequent activity is exercise program. But the prevalence of smoking cessation, stress management, nutrition education and women health care was very low. Major contents of support were to pay the cost of these activites and to equip the places or the facilities. 3) 24.9% had the non-smoking policy in the workplace. 98.6% equiped the places and facilities for employees. Mean number of facilities across all workplaces was 2.96 and that of exercise circles was 3.60. In conclusion, it was suggested that the stratege was needed to develop the Korean model for workplace health promotion on the basis of exisiting activites.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.440-448
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• 2020

This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting breastfeeding in adult women based on socio-demographic and health-related characteristics using the results of KNHANES VII-3. The data was analyzed by applying weights, using the complex sample analysis method of the SPSS Win 22.0 program. Breastfeeding was influenced significantly by age, education level, and the current smoking status. Women in the age group of 30-39 years had a breastfeeding rate that was 3.06 times higher than 19-29 year old women. Also, the breastfeeding rates for women with an education level under elementary school were 4.70 times higher than those with a college degree or higher education level and non-smokers and ex-smokers had levels 2.51 times higher than smokers. Therefore, for mothers under the age of 30, education on breastfeeding should be further strengthened. For mothers over 40 years old, lactation support to increase the milk supply should be provided as well as assistance toward care for other children in the family. Also, better-educated mothers will need to learn effective breastfeeding methods in limited environments such as work-life, and a social atmosphere needs to be established that is considerate to lactating women. Furthermore, education related to pregnancy and lactation should be provided for use in smoking cessation programs for female smokers.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2000

This study was conducted to examine health behaviors in hypertensive patients and the factors that would affect these healthy life-styles. and to provide basic data for effective and continuous hypertension control in private medical facilities. Among those patients diagnosed as hypertension who had visited the Department of Internal Medicine of Yeungnam University Hospital during the two month period from August 2 to September 30, 1999, the present study included 222 patients who were in more than one month after the initial diagnosis of hypertension and those who had hypertension for less than 10 years. Using a structured questionnaire, the present study was conducted by a self-administered survey method, and the obtained data were analyzed with t-test, $x^2$-test and one-way analysis of variance using the SPSS statistical program. The scores on knowledge related to hypertension were higher as the education level of a patient was higher(p〈0.05). As for occupation, those who performed office or management jobs showed higher scores than those who were into manufacturing jobs, and as for economic status, although those patients who were in middle class showed highest scores, however, no statistical significance was observed. The scores of knowledge on hypertension was higher when the family history of hypertension was present(p〈0.05). The scores of health-related behaviors were higher with higher education level and higher economic status, higher in those with family history of hypertension, and higher in those with office or management jobs than those who had manufacturing jobs(p〈0.05). Blood pressure measurement on regular basis was performed most frequently in those who were between 50-59 years old with 83.3% and was least frequent in those who were older than 70 years old with 50%(p〈0.05). The frequency of regular blood pressure measurement was higher with higher education level, higher economic status, higher in those with family history of hypertension, and the highest in those with management position with 93.5%, however, on statistical significance was observed. Changes in health-related behaviors after hypertension diagnosis were higher with higher education level, higher economic status, and in those patients performed office or management work. In particular, diet change was observed in female and higher economic status and smoking cessation was observed in 60-69 years old. Housewives and office workers or managers have taken exercise more regularly and those who had management jobs and had high scores on knowledge related to hypertension would participate health education program more actively. Thus, for improving health-related behaviors for continuous management of hypertension, changes in health-related behaviors can be followed through conduction health education to improve understanding of knowledge related to hypertension as the method of helping to improve changes in health life-styles in those with little education and those in low economic status.