• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-61
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• 2005

A ring-shaped lead zirconate titanate (PZT) piezoceramic sensor has been integrated with the Langevin-type piezoceramic driver of an ultrasonic wire-bonding transducer to form a smart transducer for in-situ measurement of three essential bonding parameters: namely, impact force, ultrasonic amplitude and bond time. This sensor has an inner diameter, an outer diameter and a thickness of 12.7 mm, 5.1 mm and 0.6 mm, respectively. It has a specifically designed electrode pattern on the two major surfaces perpendicular to its thickness along which polarization is induced. The process-test results have indicated that the sensor not only is sensitive to excessive impact forces exerted on the devices to be bonded but also can track changes in the ultrasonic amplitude proficiently during bonding. Good correlation between the sensor outputs and the bond quality has been established. This smart transducer has good potential to be used in automatic process-control systems for ultrasonic wire bonding.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.734-739
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• 2003

Many types of smart materials and control laws are available to actively adjust the structure from various external disturbances. Usually, a certain type of control laws to activate a specific smart material is well established, but the effectiveness of the control scheme is limited by the choice of the smart materials and the responses of the structure. ER fluid is adequate to provide relatively large control force, on the other hand, the PZT patches are suitable to provide small but arbitrary control forces at any point along the structure. It was found that active vibration control mechanism using ER fluid failed to suppress the excitation off the resonant frequency with changed structural characteristics along the frequency response function of the closed loop of the control system. To compensate this additional peak of the closed loop system, PPF control using PZT as an actuator is added to construct a hybrid controller.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.398-403
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• 2011

Terfenol-D is one of several magnetostrictive materials with property of converting energy into mechanical motion, and vice versa. Magnetostriction is the property that causes certain ferromagnetic materials to change shape in a magnetic field. Terfenol-D is said to produce giant magnetostriction, strain greater than any other commercially available smart material. In this paper, fundamental characteristics analysis of giant magnetostrictive materials(Terfenol-D) has been investigated. The magnetic field analysis is carried out by using finite element method simulation ANSYS. The results show 223N in force and 9.5T in maximum magnetic flux density and 7.56 $10^6A/m$ in maximum magnetic field intensity 1A current. Through the analysis, basic data of Terfenol-D for the application of mechanical system are obtained.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2021

Reverse offset printing is considering as an emerging technology for printed electronics owing to its environmentally friendliness and cost-effectiveness. In reverse offset printing, selecting the materials for cliché and blanket is critical because of its minimum resolution, registration errors, aspect ratio of reliefs, pattern area, and reusability. Various materials such as silicon, quartz, glass, electroplated nickel plates, and imprinted polymers on rigid substrates can be used for the reverse offset printing of cliché. However, when new structures are designed for specific applications, new clichés need to re-fabricated each time employing multiple time-consuming and costly processes. Therefore, by modifying the blanket materials containing the printing ink, several new structures can be easily created using the same cliché. In this study, we investigated various elastomeric materials and evaluated their applicability for designing a highly stretchable blanket with controlled elastic deformation to implement tunable reverse offset printing.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.15-28
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to develop and propose creative smart bags in emotional e-textiles using LEDs that inform smartphone users of motion-induced luminescence and ringing of cell phones. The LED light-emitting operation tasks produced in the study were applied to each of the three design smart bags, setting the five cases of luminance by a call initiated, absent phone, rejecting answering phone, texting, and motion-induced luminescence. In the male laptop bags of LED luminous images using wappen, 10 LEDs could be separated by a total of three pins to display the luminous mode, and all 10 LEDs became a total of five luminous patterns, including all that illuminate and those that illuminate randomly. E-wappen rendered the motif a strong sense of visibility and performed six roles on phone rings and texting. To develop a women's tote bag, we did a laser cut and attached the leather strips and placed 10 triangular LEDs to form a geometric LED e-textile. It provides the possibility of transforming simple design from traditional fashion into a more interesting and various smart designs. An entertainment smart bag using graphic design was constructed by applying a tilt sensor to look like a light in the night sky by shaking and moving the bag. The graphic design and composition of LEDs indicate that LEDs and fashion item are applied in harmony rather than heterogeneous, enabling them to be applied as fashion-oriented wearable smart products.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.428-431
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• 2004

Smart structural system is defined as structural system with a certain-level of autonomy relying on the embedded functions of sensors, actuators and processors, that can automatically adjust structural characteristics, in response to the change in external disturbance and environments, toward structural safety and serviceability as well as the extension of structural service life. In this study, carbon and glass hybrid fiber materials were investigated fundamentally for the applicability of self diagnosis in smart concrete structural system as embedded functions of sensors.

• Composites Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2015

Soft morphing robotics making use of smart material and based on biomimetic principles are capable of continuous locomotion in harmony with its environment. Since these robots do not use traditional mechanical components, they can be built to be light weight and capable of a diverse range of locomotion. This paper illustrates a flexible smart phone robot made of smart soft composite (SSC) with inchworm-like locomotion capable of two-way linear motion. Since rigid components are embedded within the robot, bending actuators with embedded rigid segments were investigated in order to obtain the maximum bending curvature. To verify the results, a simple mechanical model of this actuator was built and compared with experimental data. After that, the flexible robot was implemented as part of a smart phone robot where the rigid components of the phone were embedded within the matrix. Then, experiments were conducted to test the smart phone robot actuation force under different deflections to verify its load carrying capability. After that, the communication between the smart phone and robot controller was implemented and a corresponding phone application was developed. The locomotion of the smart phone robot actuated through an independent controller was also tested.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.85-114
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• 2014

본 연구는 21세기 학습 환경과 학습자가 변화되고 있는 교육 패러다임의 변화에 맞추어 중학교 기술 가정 '건강한 식생활과 식사 구성'을 중심으로 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 가정과 식생활 교수 학습 과정안과 스마트교재를 개발하고, 이를 수업에 적용하여 스마트교재를 평가하고 수업의 효과를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위한 연구내용은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 '건강한 식생활과 식사 구성'을 중심으로 가정과 식생활 교수 학습 과정안을 개발한다. 둘째, 개발한 식생활 교수 학습 과정안을 기본으로 하여 스마트컨텐츠 저작도구를 이용하여 식생활 스마트교재를 제작한다. 셋째, 개발한 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 식생활 수업을 실행한 후에 이 수업을 평가한다. 연구 과정은 ADDIE 모형에 따라 분석, 설계, 개발, 실행, 평가의 5단계로 진행하였다. 분석 단계에서는 2009 개정 중학교 기술 가정 교육과정과 해설서, 성취기준 성취수준 분석 및 '건강한 식생활과 식사 구성' 관련 교과서를 분석하였다. 설계 단계에서는 교수 학습 과정안을 구상하고 학습 목표 및 수업 과정을 설계하였다. 이를 위해 2009 개정 기술 가정 교육과정의 '청소년의 생활' 단원의 건강한 식생활과 식사 구성을 중심으로 하여 교과서의 내용 요소를 추출하여 내용을 재구성하고, 재구성한 내용을 토대로 학습 목표 및 수업 과정을 설계하였다. 개발 단계에서는 '청소년의 생활'에 속한 '건강한 식생활과 식사 구성' 중 2개의 소단원인 '청소년의 식생활 문제'와 '균형 잡힌 건강 식생활의 실천'으로 각 2차시씩 총 4차시 분량의 교수 학습 과정안과 학습 활동지 및 학습 자료 등의 교수 학습 자료를 제작하였으며, 이를 토대로 스마트컨텐츠 저작도구인 DocZoom을 이용하여 스마트교재를 개발하였다. 그리고 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 식생활교육 프로그램 적용의 효과성 및 스마트교재 활용 수업에 대한 태도를 알아보고자 사전 사후 설문지를 제작하였다. 실행 단계에서는 교수 학습 과정안을 적용하여 개발된 식생활교육 관련 스마트교재를 수업에 적용하였다. 개발된 교수 학습 과정안을 토대로 제작한 소단원 2개 분량의 식생활교육 스마트교재를 이용하여 2014년 6월 2일부터 6월 13일까지 경기도 광명에 있는 남녀공학의 S 중학교 1학년 각각 3학급을 대상으로 실험집단과 비교집단으로 나누어 1주일에 2시간씩 기술 가정 수업에 직접 활용하였다. 총 2주간의 수업을 실행한 후, 사전 사후 설문을 실시하고, 평가 단계에서는 실험집단과 비교집단의 사전 사후 설문 점수의 평균 및 표준편차를 산출하고, 쌍표본 t-test를 실시하여 개발된 식생활교육 스마트교재의 수업 적용 효과를 알아보았다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 스마트교육을 기반으로 한 스마트교재를 활용한 수업에서 가정과 수업에 대한 흥미(t=-3.99, p<.001), 학습에 대한 애정과 열정(t=-2.61, p<.05), 학습에의 주도성 및 독립성(t=-4.77, p<.001), 학생들의 식생활 수업에 대한 관심도(t=-3.83, p<.001)를 높이는데 효과적이었다. 스마트교재를 활용한 수업을 받은 학생들을 대상으로 이 수업에 대한 평가를 한 결과, 학생들은 스마트교재를 활용한 수업이 기존의 서책형 교과서를 이용한 수업보다 수업 자료를 찾는데 시간을 절약할 수 있었으며, 동영상과 도표 등의 관련 자료를 바로 볼 수 있어 이해하기 쉬웠다고 평가하였다. 또한, 다수의 학생이 기존의 서책형 교과서를 이용한 수업보다 편리하였으며, 수업이 더 재미있어졌다고 응답하는 등 학생들은 스마트교재를 이용한 수업을 흥미로워 하였으며, 학습에 도움이 되는 등의 긍정적인 평가를 하였다. 이러한 결과로 볼 때 가정과에서 스마트교재를 활용한 스마트교육은 가정과 수업에 대한 흥미를 향상시켰을 뿐만 아니라 학습에 대한 애정과 열정, 학습에서의 주도성 및 독립성, 식생활 수업에 대한 관심도를 향상시키는데 효과가 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2009

Nowadays, global interest is being placed on research and development of smart clothing which is expected to create a high added-value industry in the future. The purpose of this research is to develop smart pants with vibrating massage functions that have excellent outer appearances and provide comfort to wearers and assess outer appearance, comfort, and massaging effects of smart pants. As the results of this research, smart pants where vibrating devices which are mainly composed of vibrating motor, controller, and switch are attached were completed. Vibrating motors were fixed on a thin and light non-woven fabric material, covered with a mesh material, and attached by snaps to the experiment pants. Switch was attached to the inside of a pocket, and batteries were positioned inside of pockets. Ten subjects marked their satisfaction of wearing smart pants on a 5-point scale. Noticeable changes in outer appearance when vibrating motors operate turned out to be low. Wearer's comfort in back waist and front thigh parts where vibrating motors were attached turned out to be high-satisfied. Massaging effects of smart pants turned out to be high. Attaching and detaching vibrating devices turned out to be convenient. Lining materials used for smart paints were effective in blocking electromagnetic waves generated from vibrating devices.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2024

The city is developing into a smart city. Smart villages and smart farms are developing in rural areas. Architectural technology needs synergy with smart cities, smart villages, and smart factories (intelligent factories) to help architectural experts understand smart farms and build facilities and equipment. Smart farms require design and construction technology with architectural structure and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status and cases of smart farms in Korea and to investigate cases abroad. The conclusion is as follows. ① Smart farms are developing rapidly. The Korean government is expanding smart farms by utilizing ICT technology and infrastructure. ② 'Smart Farm Innovation Valley', which has been promoted since 2018, is a cutting-edge convergence cluster industrial complex that integrates production, education, and research functions such as start-ups and technological innovation. ③ In domestic cases, smart farms are operated in subway stations, buildings, supermarkets, and restaurants. ④ In the Japanese case, a dome-type smart farm was being operated. It utilized factory wastewater, waste heat, renewable energy, and used new materials. Otemachi Ranch raised livestock and provided a lounge on the 13th floor of the building. ⑤ In the cases of Korea and Japan, the smart farm technology is very similar. As stated earlier, since the food culture and agricultural technology of both countries are similar, we hope to promote the development of smart farms that can reduce concerns about future food by communicating and sharing mutual technologies.