• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.47-55
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the duration and time distribution of probability rainfall on farmland inundation for the paddy fields in the drainage improvement project site. In this study, eight drainage improvement project sites were selected for inundation modeling. Hourly rainfall data were collected, and 20- and 30-year frequency probability rainfalls were estimated for 14 different durations. Probability rainfalls were distributed using Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) and Huff time distribution methods. Design floods were calculated for 48 hr and critical duration, and IDF time distribution and Huff time distribution were used for 48 hr duration and critical duration, respectively. Inundation modeling was carried out for each study district using 48 hr and critical duration rainfalls. The result showed that six of the eight districts had a larger flood discharge using the method of applying critical duration and Huff distribution. The results of inundation depth analysis showed similar trends to those of design flood calculations. However, the inundation durations showed different tendencies from the inundation depth. The IDF time distribution is a distribution in which most of the rainfall is concentrated at the beginning of rainfall, and the theoretical background is unclear. It is considered desirable to apply critical duration and Huff time distribution to agricultural production infrastructure design standards in consideration of uniformity with other design standards such as flood calculation standard guidelines.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.916-937
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• 2023

Most of the existing Distributed Denial-of-Service mitigation schemes in Software-Defined Networking are only implemented in the network domain managed by a single controller. In fact, the zombies for attackers to launch large-scale DDoS attacks are actually not in the same network domain. Therefore, abnormal traffic of DDoS attack will affect multiple paths and network domains. A single defense method is difficult to deal with large-scale DDoS attacks. The cooperative defense of multiple domains becomes an important means to effectively solve cross-domain DDoS attacks. We propose an efficient multi-domain DDoS cooperative defense mechanism by integrating blockchain and SDN architecture. It includes attack traceability, inter-domain information sharing and attack mitigation. In order to reduce the length of the marking path and shorten the traceability time, we propose an AS-level packet traceability method called ASPM. We propose an information sharing method across multiple domains based on blockchain and smart contract. It effectively solves the impact of DDoS illegal traffic on multiple domains. According to the traceability results, we designed a DDoS attack mitigation method by replacing the ACL list with the IP address black/gray list. The experimental results show that our ASPM traceability method requires less data packets, high traceability precision and low overhead. And blockchain-based inter-domain sharing scheme has low cost, high scalability and high security. Attack mitigation measures can prevent illegal data flow in a timely and efficient manner.

• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제39권12호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2023

흙막이 현장에서 계측은 굴착으로 인한 지보재와 지반의 안정성 확인을 위해 필수적으로 수행해야 하는 중요한 요소이다. 특히, 굴착지반에서 전달되는 버팀대의 하중 전달 추이를 확인하는 하중계는 정확도 유지가 필수적이다. 그러나, 건설 현장에서는 하중계의 정확도를 파악할 수 있는 검증 방법, 규정 등의 연구가 부족하여 제대로 된 성능검사 없이 설치됨에 따라 문제가 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 현장에 사용되는 하중계를 전수조사하여 성능검사를 실시하고 외국 제품과의 비교를 통해 불량 원인을 파악하였다. 하중계의 성능검증을 통해 성능검사 기준을 제시하였으므로 본 연구 결과는 신뢰성 높은 하중계를 선택하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2024

산업현장에서 사용되는 회전기기의 원활한 작동 및 수명연장을 위해서는 설비진단이 필수적이다. 다양한 설비진단의 방법 중 진동진단은 다른 진단방법과 비교하여 불평형(unbalance), 축정렬 불량(misalignment), 베어링 결함(bearing fault), 기어 손상(worn gears), 소음(noise), 공진(resonance) 등 대부분의 초기 결함을 발견할 수 있다. 따라서, 진동분석은 산업현장에서 가장 범용적으로 사용되는 설비진단 방법이며, 설비의 상태를 기반으로 관리하는 예지보전(PdM) 기술로 유용하게 활용된다. 하지만, 진동진단 방법은 기준을 근거로 경험에 의존하여 수행되기 때문에 전문가에 의하여 진행된다. 따라서, 기존에 경험에 의존하여 수행하는 진동진단 방법을 지식화된 코드체계로 구축하여 누구나 쉽게 결함을 판단할 수 있는 시스템을 구축하여 설비의 신뢰성 구축에 기여하고자 한다. 진동측정에 대한 ISO-20816 기준을 근거로 알고리즘을 개발하였고, 석유화학공장 압축기, 수소충전소, 산업용 기계 등 다양한 실증현장에서 진동을 측정한 결과와 개발 시스템을 활용하여 분석한 결과를 비교하여 신뢰성을 검증하였다. 개발된 알고리즘을 통하여 산업현장에서 누구나 회전기기의 상태를 진단하고 결함을 조기에 파악하여 정확한 교체시점에 부품을 교체할 수 있는 예측유지보수(PdM)기술에 기여할 수 있다. 나아가, 정유산업시설, 운송, 생산 시설, 항공시설 등 다양한 산업현장에 적용 시 회전기기의 고장으로 인한 유지보수 비용과 다운타임(down time)의 절감에 이바지할수 있를 것으로 기대된다.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2003

To achieve cost and size reductions, we developed a low cost manufacturing technology for RF substrates and a high performance passive process technology for RF integrated passive devices (IPDs). The fabricated substrate is a conventional 6" Si wafer with a 25${\mu}m$ thick $SiO_2$ surface. This substrate showed a very good insertion loss of 0.03 dB/mm at 4 GHz, including the conductive metal loss, with a 50 ${\Omega}$ coplanar transmission line (W=50${\mu}m$, G=20${\mu}m$). Using benzo cyclo butene (BCB) interlayers and a 10 ${\mu}m$ Cu plating process, we made high Q rectangular and circular spiral inductors on Si that had record maximum quality factors of more than 100. The fabricated inductor library showed a maximum quality factor range of 30-120, depending on geometrical parameters and inductance values of 0.35-35 nH. We also fabricated small RF IPDs on a thick oxide Si substrate for use in handheld phone applications, such as antenna switch modules or front end modules, and high-speed wireless LAN applications. The chip sizes of the wafer-level-packaged RF IPDs and wire-bondable RF IPDs were 1.0-1.5$mm^2$ and 0.8-1.0$mm^2$, respectively. They showed very good insertion loss and RF performances. These substrate and passive process technologies will be widely utilized in hand-held RF modules and systems requiring low cost solutions and strict volumetric efficiencies.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2018

Natural degradation of grounding-electrode in soil environment should be monitored for several decades to predict the lifetime of the grounding electrode for efficient application and management. However, long-term studies for such electrodes have many practical limitations. The conventional accelerated corrosion test is unsuitable for such studies because simulated soil corrosion process cannot represent the actual soil environment. A preliminary experiment of accelerated corrosion test was conducted using existing test standards. The accelerated corrosion test that reflects the actual soil environment has been developed to evaluate corrosion performances of grounding-electrodes in a short period. Several test conditions with different chamber temperatures and salt spray were used to imitate actual field conditions based on ASTM B162, ASTM B117, and ISO 14993 standards. Accelerated degradation specimens of copper-bonded electrodes were made by the facile method and their corrosion performances were investigated. Their corrosion rates were calculated to $0.042{\mu}m/day$, $0.316{\mu}m/day$, and $0.11{\mu}m/day$, respectively. These results indicate that accelerated deterioration of grounding materials can be determined in a short period by using cyclic test condition with salt spray temperature of $50^{\circ}C$.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.137-154
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• 2014

Servohydraulic shaking tables are being increasingly used in the field of earthquake engineering. They play a critical role in the advancement of the research state and remain one of the valuable tools for seismic testing. Recently, the National Earthquake Engineering Research Center, CGS, has acquired a 6.1m x 6.1 m shaking table system which has a six degree-of-freedom testing capability. The maximum specimen mass that can be tested on the shaking table is 60 t. This facility is designed specially for testing a complete civil engineering structures, substructures and structural elements up to collapse or ultimate limit states. It can also be used for qualification testing of industrial equipments. The current paper presents the main findings of the experimental shake-down characterization testing of the CGS shaking table. The test program carried out in this study included random white noise and harmonic tests. These tests were performed along each of the six degrees of freedom, three translations and three rotations. This investigation provides fundamental parameters that are required and essential while elaborating a realistic model of the CGS shaking table. Also presented in this paper, is the numerical model of the shaking table that was established and validated.

• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.484-491
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• 2013

In this paper, we proposed an internal multiband loop embedded monopole antenna for mobile handset that could be used for smart phones. The proposed antenna has a volume of 40 mm(W) ${\times}$ 15 mm(L) ${\times}$ 5 mm(H), ground plane size is 40 mm(W) ${\times}$ 80 mm(L), and covers the GSM900 (Global System for Mobile communications : 880-960 MHz), K-PCS (Korea-Personal Communications Service : 1750-1870 MHz), US-PCS (US Personal Communications Service : 1850-1990 MHz), WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access : 1920-2170 MHz), Wibro (2300-2390 MHz), Bluetooth (2400-2483 MHz) and WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network : 2400-2483.5 MHz) bands for VSWR (voltage standing wave ration) less than 3. The proposed loop adding design at middle section of longest branch showed wide impedance bandwidth for the lowest resonance frequency band. The proposed antenna have a lowest resonance frequency band from 738 MHz to 1075 MHz for S11 value of -6dB. A HFSS (High Frequency Structure Simulator) of the Ansys Corporation based on a finite element method is employed to analyze the proposed antenna in the design process and to compare the simulation and experimental results.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2018

Time-series data often contain one of the most valuable pieces of information in many fields including manufacturing. Because time-series data are relatively cheap to acquire, they (e.g., vibration signals) have become a crucial part of big data even in manufacturing shop floors. Recently, deep-learning models have shown state-of-art performance for analyzing big data because of their sophisticated structures and considerable computational power. Traditional models for a machinery-monitoring system have highly relied on features selected by human experts. In addition, the representational power of such models fails as the data distribution becomes complicated. On the other hand, deep-learning models automatically select highly abstracted features during the optimization process, and their representational power is better than that of traditional neural network models. However, the applicability of deep-learning models to the field of prognostics and health management (PHM) has not been well investigated yet. This study integrates the "residual fitting" mechanism inherently embedded in the wavelet transform into the convolutional neural network deep-learning structure. As a result, the architecture combines a signal smoother and classification procedures into a single model. Validation results from rotor vibration data demonstrate that our model outperforms all other off-the-shelf feature-based models.

• 에너지공학
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.106-111
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• 2014

매년 증가하는 전력수요에 대한 해결방안으로 미국, 일본 및 유럽에서는 스마트그리드 도입 등의 방법으로 전력계통의 전반적인 변화를 도모하고 있다. 이 중 전력저장장치 ESS는 전력의 효율적 사용을 도모하고, 신재생에너지시스템의 계통연계를 위한 대안으로 이에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행 중에 있다. 우리나라 정부도 ESS 보급 활성화 방안으로 ESS를 신재생에너지 부대설비로 포함토록 법개정을 완료하였다. 본 연구에서는 정부의 ESS 보급을 활성화 시키고자 하는 정책에 발맞춰 신재생 발전사업자가 ESS 도입 시 투자경제성을 보장할 수 있는 수준의 REC 가중치를 결정하는 방법론을 제시하였다.