• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.493-499
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the components of newness and product innovativeness of smart clothing, and to examine the evaluation of newness and innovativeness of smart clothing according to the consumer innovativeness. The survey was conducted on male and female subjects aged from 17 to 50. A total of 338 valid responses were used for the analysis. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the evaluation of smart clothing newness consisted of five items: 'novel', 'modern', 'original', 'fresh' and 'up-to-date'. The evaluation of smart clothing innovativeness consisted of two dimensions. One is the evaluation of innovativeness as clothing and the other is the evaluation of innovativenss as electronic devices. The validity of two dimensions were verified by confirmatory factor analysis. The results of ANOVA and Duncan test indicated that there were differences in the evaluation of newness and smart clothing innovativenss according to consumer innovativeness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.1211-1221
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• 2007

This research investigates the effects of fashion innovativeness and technology innovativeness on the attitude and the buying intention of smart clothing. This study employs TAM(Technology Acceptance Model) proposed by Davis(1989) as a theoretical framework. Two hundred sixty-five respondents comprised a sample used to examine a structural model. The structural equation model using AMOS was performed to test hypotheses. Fashion innovativeness was found to affect perceived usefulness while technology innovativeness affected perceived ease of use. Perceived usefulness was found to influence attitude towards smart clothing. Perceived ease of use was also found to affect attitude towards smart clothing. The attitude towards smart clothing has a direct effect on the buying intention of smart clothing. In addition, this study revealed that employing TAM to investigate the adoption of smart clothing was appropriate. Lastly, implications of this research and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.529-542
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to utilize technology as basic data for smart clothing product research and development. This technology can recognize user's motion according to characteristics types and functions of wearable smart clothing products. In order to analyze the case of motion recognition products, we searched for previous research data and cases referred to as major keywords in leading search engines, Google and Naver. Among the searched cases, information on the characteristics and major functions of the 42 final products selected on the market are examined in detail. Motion recognition for smart clothing products is classified into four body types: head & face, body, arms & hands, and legs & feet. Smart clothing products was developed with various items, such as hats, glasses, bras, shirts, pants, bracelets, rings, socks, shoes, etc., It was divided into four functions health care type for prevention of injuries, health monitor, posture correction, sports type for heartbeat and exercise monitor, exercise coaching, posture correction, convenience for smart controller and security and entertainment type for pleasure. The function of the motion recognition smart clothing product discussed in this study will be a useful reference when designing a motion recognition smart clothing product that is blended with IT technology.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.615-631
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• 2019

Smart healthcare clothing combines IoT, new technology, and clothing construction to perform specific care functions, and its utility has been expanding rapidly within aging and diversified societies. However, the related market remains at an early stage of development due to limited regulation, lack of consumer awareness, and the need for not only technical development but promotion plans for potential users. This paper aims to analyze factors influencing purchase intention for smart healthcare clothing with biosignal monitoring, including variables in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), clothing attributes, health-related lifestyle factors, and fashion innovativeness. A survey was conducted on a sample of 300 males and 300 females ranging in age from 20 to 50 years, and data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. The results show that perceived usefulness, perceived aesthetic attributes, health responsibility, and fashion innovativeness were overall significant predictors of using smart healthcare clothing. Additionally, perceived ease of use and physical activity in the male subsample, and perceived compatibility within the female group, also had significant effects. Furthermore, age was a determining factor; for subjects in the 30s age group, perceived usefulness, compatibility, and health responsibility had significant positive associations. The results of this study can provide basic guidelines for designing merchandising plans to expand user acceptance of smart healthcare clothing.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.141-150
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• 2006

Since the late 1990s, 'smart clothing' has been developed in a various way to meet the need of users and to help people more friendly interact with computers through its various designs. Recently, various applications of smart clothing concept have been presented by researchers. Among the various applications, smart clothing with a health care system is most likely to gain the highest demand rate in the market. Among them, smart clothing for check-up of health status with its sensors is expected to sell better than other types of smart clothing on the market. Under this circumstance, research and development for this field have been accelerated furthermore. This research institution has invented biometric sensors suitable for the smart clothing, and has developed a design to diagnose various diseases such as cardiac disorder and respiratory diseases. The newly developed smart clothing in this study looks similar to the previous inventions, but people can feel more comfortable in it with its fabric interaction built in it. When people wear it, the health status of the wearers is diagnosed and its signals are transmitted to the connected computer so the result can be easily monitored in real time. This smart clothing is a new kind of clothing as a supporting system for preventing various cardiac disorder and respiratory diseases using its biometric sensor built-in, and is also an archetype to show how smart clothing can work on the market.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.969-981
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• 2010

This study explains the consumer acceptance of smart clothing using the extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM); in addition, it compares the difference in the path hypotheses of the perceived group and nonperceived group from the aspect of the extended TAM. A total of 815 copies of questionnaire were collected from a web-based survey in March 2009. Structural equation modeling was used to examine the entire pattern of intercorrelations among the constructs and to test related propositions using an AMOS 5.0 package. The fitness of the extended TAM explains the process of the adaptation of smart clothing. Technology Innovation (TI) and Clothing Involvement (CI) were confirmed as antecedent variables to affect TAM. In the perceived group, Technology Innovation (TI) and Clothing Involvement (CI) showed significant impacts on the Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) and Perceived Usefulness (PU) while Technology Innovation (TI) did not influence the Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) in the non-perceived group. Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) influenced the Perceived Usefulness (PU) and indirectly influenced Attitude (A) through the Perceived Usefulness (PU) in both groups. In addition, Perceived Usefulness (PU) did not influence Acceptance Intention (AI) but indirectly affected Acceptance Intention (AI) through Attitude (A). Therefore, Attitude (A) was found to be an important parameter in the adaptation of smart clothing in both groups. This finding implies that consumers first perceive the usefulness of smart clothing, then take favorable attitudes towards the smart clothing, and finally have the intention to adopt it. Strategies for publishing and informing consumers of the functions of smart clothing and usefulness in life are necessary; in addition, understanding what useful values they expect from the clothing is also crucial.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-90
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• 2008

Recently "smart clothing" has been developed more friendly and human centered design. As the diversified studies on physical factors such as comfort, usability, ergonomics and design for wearer have been examined, the smart clothing has been progressed in diverse aspects. In this research, we developed the design prototype of the bio-medical sensor based healthcare smart clothing and efficiency of clothing. As a result of study with developed designed prototypes of qualitative and quantitative tests for wearability and usability, we come up with evaluation items and supplements. In this study, based on result from evaluation on wearability and usability, the design prototype of sensor based healthcare smart clothing was revised.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-33
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• 2009

This study identified the appropriateness of acceptance models of smart clothing and differences in the hypothesis of the path to clothing acceptance by classifying consumers depending on the level of technology innovation and fashion innovation through the extended TAM (Technology Acceptance Model) presented by Chae (2009). 815 copies of data were collected from adults over twenty living in major South Korean cities and analyzed them using a SPSS 15.0 and AMOS 5.0 package. Based on the average value of technology innovation and fashion innovation, the respondents were classified into: Group 1 with high technology innovation and fashion innovation, Group 2 with high technology innovation but low fashion innovation, Group 3 with low technology innovation but high fashion innovation, and Group 4 with low technology innovation and fashion innovation. The appropriateness of models for the four classified groups was verified. The analysis proved that an extended TAM for each classified group explains the acceptance process of smart clothing; especially the appropriateness of model of Group 1 and Group 4 was comparatively higher than other groups. Perceived usefulness was revealed as the key variable that affects consumer attitudes to accept smart clothing. Perceived ease of use has indirect positive effects on consumer attitudes passing through perceived usefulness and clothing involvement partly exerted impacts on consumer attitudes and the intention of acceptance. The mediating role of attitudes to explain the intention of the acceptance of smart clothing is high and suggests that it is necessary to take a positive role to help the consumer perceive the functional and useful aspects of the clothing.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.375-387
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• 2010

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) presented by Davis (1989) has been regarded as highly explanatory as well as the clearest model in explaining consumers' adoption of innovative technology or products. Existing studies have expanded the model by adding related external variables to improve the explanation depending on the type of innovative technology. This study expanded TAM by adding two more variables, namely consumers' technology innovation and clothing involvement considering the feature of smart clothing. The objectives of this study are as follows: 1. to suggest the extended TAM in explaining the adoption process of smart clothing, 2. to verify the differences in the path hypotheses according to the type of smart clothing. A total of 815 effective samples were collected from adults over 20 years old, and AMOS 5.0 package was employed for data analysis. As a result, it was proved that the extended TAM was appropriate for explaining the process of adopting smart clothing according to the path hypotheses of smart clothing types. Technology innovation and clothing involvement were confirmed as antecedent variables in affecting TAM. The perceived usefulness appeared to be a more crucial variable than the perceived ease of use and attitude was found to be an important parameter in adopting smart clothing. Considering the path hypotheses of MP3 playing clothes, perceived usefulness had a direct influence on acceptance intention unlike other types of smart clothing. As for photonic clothes, the influence of perceived ease of use on attitude was supported while it was rejected in the case of MP3 playing clothes and sensing sportswear.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.692-700
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• 2017

The number of elderly citizens has risen in Korea and resulted in an aging society. Correspondingly, the social interest in the aging population has escalated immensely; however, research or product development on the quality of life for seniors has shortcomings. Healthcare smart clothing is required to help the elderly with changes and weaknesses that follow aging; however, there is unfortunately insufficient amounts available. This study explores the feasibilities of smart clothing for seniors based on a universal design. Based on previous research, we analyzed the universal design theory, body shape characteristics and design requirements for seniors, and heart rate measurement method. The design is different according to body shape and body shape is different between sex, age, and body race; therefore, subjects were limited to 70-74 year old Korean males in this study. This study proposes a guideline for heart rate sensing clothing that satisfies the 'universal design' aspects as well as the functionality of heart sensing, senior's physical characteristics and needs. It has broadened the range of smart clothing, which was once limited to the younger generation and provided a foundation for the development of specialized smart clothing for seniors.