• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제82권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2019

Background: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a transmembrane protein, binds to the programmed death-1 (PD-1) receptor, and anti-PD-1 therapy enables immune responses against tumors. This study aimed to assess clinical characteristics of PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry among Korean patients with lung cancer. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients with pathologically proven lung cancer from a single institution. PD-L1 expression determined by Tumor Proportion Score (TPS) was detected using 22C3 pharmDx (Agilent Technologies) and SP263 (Ventana Medical Systems) assays. Results: From July 2016 to July 2017, 267 patients were enrolled. The main histologic type was adenocarcinoma (69.3%). Most participants were smokers (67.4%) and had clinical stage IV disease (60.7%). In total, 116 (42%) and 58 (21%) patients had TPS ${\geq}1%$ and ${\geq}50%$, respectively. The patients were significantly older in TPS ${\geq}1%$ group than in TPS <1% group ($64.83{\pm}9.38years$ vs. $61.73{\pm}10.78years$, p=0.014), not in TPS ${\geq}50%$ cutoff value ($64.69{\pm}9.39$ vs. $62.36{\pm}10.51$, p=0.178). Regarding histologic grade, higher proportions of poorly differentiated tumor were observed in the TPS ${\geq}1%$ (40.8% vs. 25.8%, p=0.020) and TPS ${\geq}50%$ groups (53.2% vs. 27.2%, p=0.004). Among 34 patients examined with 22C3 and SP263 assays, 27 had positive results in both assays, with a cutoff of TPS ${\geq}1%$ (r=0.826; 95% confidence interval, 0.736-0.916). Conclusion: PD-L1 expression, defined as TPS ${\geq}1%$, was related to older age and poorly differentiated histology. There was a similar distribution of PD-L1 expression in both 22C3 and SP263 results.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제71권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2011

Background: Gefitinib and erlotinib are useful, molecular targeted agents in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who failed previous chemotherapy. We compared the efficacy and toxicity of two drugs in patients with squamous cell lung cancer, most of whom are male smokers. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical information on patients with NSCLC who were treated with gefitinib or erlotinib treatment at Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital between July 2002 and November 2009. The overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared between the two drugs. Results: A total of 182 (100 gefitinib vs. 82 erlotinib) of 584 patients treated by targeted agents had squamous histology. Of the 182 patients, 167 (91.7%) were male and 159 (87.4%) were smokers. The ORR and disease control rate (DCR) were 4.9% and 40.6%, and there was no significant difference between gefitinib and erlotinib (ORR, 5.0% vs 4.8%; p=0.970; DCR, 40.0% vs 41.4%; p=0.439). The median OS in the gefitinib group was 12.1 months, and that in the erlotinib was 12.7 months (hazard ratio [HR], 1.282; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.771~2.134; p=0.339). The median PFS for the gefitinib group was 1.40 months, compared with 1.37 months for the erlotinib group (HR, 1.092; 95% CI, 0.809~1.474; p=0.564). Skin rash ${\geq}$grade 3 was more common in erlotinib (12.2%) than gefitinib (1.0%, p=0.003) groups. Conclusion: This retrospective study showed that the two drugs appear to have similar antitumor efficacy and toxicity except for skin rash.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2012

Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma (AC) are the major histological types of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Although both SCCs and ACs have been characterized histologically and clinically, the precise mechanisms underlying their migration and invasion are not yet known. Here, we address the involvement in NSCLC of the p21-associated kinase1 (Pak1)/LIM kinase1 (LIMK1)/cofilin pathway, which recently has been reported to play a critical role in tumor migration and invasion. The Pak1/LIMK1/cofilin pathway was evaluated in tumors from SCC (n=35) and AC (n=35) patients and in SCC- and AC-type cell lines by western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and in vitro migration and invasion assays. The levels of phosphorylated Pak1, LIMK1, and cofilin in lung tumor tissues from SCC patients were increased as compared to normal tissues. In addition, immunohistochemistry showed greater expression of phosphorylated cofilin in SCC tissues. Expression of phosphorylated Pak1 and LIMK1 proteins was also significantly higher in SCC-type cells than in AC-type cells. Moreover, migration and invasion assays revealed that a higher percentage of SCC type cells exhibited migration and invasion compared to AC type cells. Migration was also decreased in LIMK1 knockdown SK-MES-1 cells. These findings suggest that the activation of the Pak1/LIMK1/cofilin pathway could preferentially contribute to greater tumor migration and invasion in SCC, relative to that in AC.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제64권1호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2008

저자 등은 종격동 림프절 비대를 동반한 비소세포폐암환자에서 발생한 지속성 딸꾹질을 경험하였기에 이에 대한 임상적 특성과 치료에 관한 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.331-338
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• 1996

배경 : 비소세포 폐암은 미국에서 암 사망율 원인 중의 1위를 차지하고, 또한 한국에서도 위암, 간암에 이어 3위를 차지할 만큼 흔하고 중요한 질병이다. 이러한 비소세포 폐암의 완치를 위한 많은 치료적 접근방법이 시도되었으나 아직도 근치적 절제술만이 완치를 기대할 수 있는 거의 유일한 방법이라고 하겠다. 따라서 수술 전의 정확한 병기 판정 및 이에 다른 근치적 절제술은 환자의 장기 생존을 결정짓는 중요한 요인이라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구는 비소세포 폐암 대상으로 수술 전후의 병기 판정을 비교하여 그 일치율을 평가하고 수술 후의 재발율 및 재발 부위등을 알아 보았고 병기에 따른 장기 예후를 생존 곡선을 그려 알아 보고자 하였다. 방법 : 서울 대학교 병원에서 완치를 목적으로 개흉술을 시행받았던 217명의 비소세포 폐암 환자들을 대상으로 하여 의무기록을 열람, 분석하는 후향적 연구를 시행하였다. 특히 완전 절제가 가능하였던 170명의 환자들을 대상으로 하여 재발율 및 재발부위, 장기 생존곡선을 분석하였다. 결과 : 217명의 대상환자들 중 남자가 157명, 여자가 30명으로 그 성비는 5:1 이었고 나이의 분포는 23세에서 74세까지 다양했으며, 그 중앙값은 58세로 남, 여 간에 차이가 나지 않았다. 수술 선후의 병기가 차이가 나는 경우가 약 40%에 달했으며 특히 T 병기 보다 N 병기의 차이가 두드러졌다. 병기 및 조직형에 따른 재발율이나 재발 부위의 차이 등은 관찰되지 않았으며, 병기에 따른 생존곡선을 그렸을때, 그 relapse-free survival rate는 병기 I, II, IIIa에서 각각 73%, 53%, 48%로 나타났다. 결론 : 수술 후의 조직학적 병기 (pathologic staging) 가 비소세포 폐암의 예후를 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요인으로 작용하며 따라서 정한 병기 결정이 필수적이다. 그러나 수술 전의 임상적 병기가 이를 정확히 예측해 주지는 못하므로 술전 병기가 치료방침을 결정하는 절대적인 기준으로는 작용하지 못한다. 따라서 수술 전후의 병기의 차이를 줄일 수 있는 새로운 진단적 기술의 개발이 요구된다.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2008

연구배경: 폐암은 우리나라 암 사망원인 질환의 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 질환으로 특히 노령 인구에서 증가하는 추세이다. 그러나 노령의 폐암 환자는 동반된 질환, 노령에 따른 장기 기능의 저하 등의 이유로 적절한 치료를 받지못하는 경우가 많다. 이에 70세 이상의 노령 폐암 환자의 임상적 특징과 치료에 따른 생존기간 등을 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: 2005년 1월부터 2005년 12월까지 대구, 경북 지역에 소재하고 있는 대학병원 및 종합병원(경북대학병원, 구미 순천향병원, 대구가톨릭대학병원, 대구파티마병원, 동산의료원, 영남대학병원)에서 세포학적 혹은 조직학적으로 원발성 폐암을 진단받은 706명의 환자들을 70세 이상 환자군과 70세 미만 환자군으로 나누어 후향적으로 연구하였다. 결 과: 전체 환자 중 70세 이상의 환자는273명(38.7%)이었다. 70세 이상의 환자는 70세 미만보다 호흡곤란의 증상이 많았으며(p<0.001), 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 빈도가 높았고(p<0.001), 활동도가 좋은 경우가 적었다(p<0.001). 비소세포폐암 환자의 중앙생존기간은 70세 미만의 환자와 70세 이상의 환자에서 유의한 차이를 보였지만(962일 vs 298일, p=0.001), 한 가지라도 치료를 받았던 환자들을 대상으로 했을 때는 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이가 없었다(1,109일 vs 708일, p=0.14). 결 론: 70세 이상의 비소세포폐암 환자에서 환자의 활동도 등을 고려하여 적극적인 치료를 시행하는 것이 바람직할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제61권5호
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• pp.633-639
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• 2018

Objective : We investigated the outcomes of repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for metastatic brain tumors that locally recurred despite previous SRS, focusing on the tumor control. Methods : A total of 114 patients with 176 locally recurring metastatic brain tumors underwent repeat SRS after previous SRS. The mean age was 59.4 years (range, 33 to 85), and there were 68 male and 46 female patients. The primary cancer types were non-small cell lung cancer (n=67), small cell lung cancer (n=12), gastrointestinal tract cancer (n=15), breast cancer (n=10), and others (n=10). The number of patients with a single recurring metastasis was 95 (79.8%), and another 19 had multiple recurrences. At the time of the repeat SRS, the mean volume of the locally recurring tumors was 5.94 mL (range, 0.42 to 29.94). We prescribed a mean margin dose of 17.04 Gy (range, 12 to 24) to the isodose line at the tumor border primarily using a 50% isodose line. Results : After the repeat SRS, we obtained clinical and magnetic resonance imaging follow-up data for 84 patients (73.7%) with a total of 108 tumors. The tumor control rate was 53.5% (58 of the 108), and the median and mean progression-free survival (PFS) periods were 246 and 383 days, respectively. The prognostic factors that were significantly related to better tumor control were prescription radiation dose of 16 Gy (p=0.000) and tumor volume less than both 4 mL (p=0.001) and 10 mL at the repeat SRS (p=0.008). The overall survival (OS) periods for all 114 patients after repeat SRS varied from 1 to 56 months, and median and mean OS periods were 229 and 404 days after the repeat SRS, respectively. The main cause of death was systemic problems including pulmonary dysfunction (n=58, 51%), and the identified direct or suspected brain-related death rate was around 20%. Conclusion : The tumor control following repeat SRS for locally recurring metastatic brain tumors after a previous SRS is relatively lower than that for primary SRS. However, both low tumor volume and high prescription radiation dose were significantly related to the tumor control following repeat SRS for these tumors after previous SRS, which is a general understanding of primary SRS for metastatic brain tumors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.785-795
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• 1997

연구배경 : 종양 표지자는 각종 악성 종양의 진단, 진행정도, 절제 가능성, 예후추정, 치료후 추적 검사 등에도 사용될 수 있으나 민감도와 특이도가 만족스럽지 못한 경우가 많아서 임상에서 보조적인 수단으로 이용되고 있는 경우가 대부분이다. 최근 Cyfra21-1이 비소세포 폐암의 진단에 CEA, SCC보다 우수하다는 보고가 있었고 단일클론 항체를 이용한 TPA-M(Tissue polypeptide antigen)이 비소세포 폐암은 진단하는데 상당히 우수한 결과를 보인다고 보고하고 있다. 이에 폐암환자에서 혈청 CEA, SCC, Cyfra21-1, TPA-M의 임상적 유용성을 서로 비교해 보고자 이 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 1996년 4월 1일 부터 19961건 8월 31일까지 계명대학교 의과대학 병원에 내원한 환자중 조직 생검으로 확진된 비소세포 폐암 37예와 소세포 폐암 12예를 총 49예를 폐암 환자군으로 같은 기간의 입원 환자 중 양성 양성 폐질환으로 확진된 29예를 대조군으로 선정하였고 폐암 환자의 경우 수술, 항암요법 및 방사선치료를 전혀 시행하지 않은 상태에서 혈청을 채취하여 검사를 시행하였다. CEA는 일본 Eiken사의 Ab bead CEA, SCC는 미국 DAINABOT사의 SCC RIA BEAD kit, Cyfra21-1은 일본 TFB사의 CA 21-1 kit, TPA-M은 일본 DAIICHI사의 TPA-M kit를 사용하였다. 결 과 : 전체 폐암환자와 대조군을 비교해보면 CEA가 $10.05{\pm}38.39{\mu}/L$, $1.59{\pm}0.94{\mu}/L$, SCC가 $3.04{\pm}5.79{\mu}/L$, $1.58{\pm}2.85{\mu}/L$, Cyfra21-1이 $8.27{\pm}11.96{\mu}/L$, $1.77{\pm}2.72{\mu}/L$, TPA-M이 $132.02{\pm}209.35U/L$, $45.86{\pm}75.86U/L$으로 나타났으며 Cyfra21-1과 TPA-M은 폐암환자에서 대조군보다 종양 표지자의 측정치가 유의하게 높았다.(p<0.05) CEA, Cyfra21-1, TPA-M, SCC의 cutoff value를 회사에서 권장하는 $2.5{\mu}/L$, $3.0{\mu}/L$, 70.0U/L, $2.0{\mu}/L$로 하였을 때 전체폐암에 대한 민감도와 특이도는 CEA 33.3%와 78.6%, Cyfra21-1 50.0%와 89.7%, TPA-M 52.3%와 89.7%, SCC 23.8%와 89.3%이었으며 비소세포 폐암에 대하여서는 CEA 36.1%와 78.1%, Cyfra21-1 50.1%와 89.7%, TPA-M 53.1%와 89.7%, SCC 33.8%와 89.3% 소세포 폐암의 경우에도 CEA 25.0%와 78.5%, Cyfra21-1 50.0%와 89.6%, TPA-M 50.0%와 89.6%, SCC 0%와 89.2%로 폐암환자에서 Cyfra21-1과 TPA-M이 민감도와 특이도에 있어 더 우수한 결과를 보였고 비소세포 폐암환자에서 SCC도 높은 특이도를 나타내었다. ROC(Receiver operating characteristic) curve에 따라 민감도와 특이도를 얻어 가장 정확도가 높은 cutoff value를 CEA $1.25{\mu}/L$, Cyfra21-1 $1.5{\mu}/L$, TPA-M 35U/L, SCC $0.6{\mu}/L$로 하여 민감도와 특이도, 정확도 및 kappa index를 비교해 보아도 Cyfra21-1과 TPA-M이 더 우수한 결과를 나타내었다. 병기에 따른 비소세포 폐암에서의 종양 표지자를 3A 병기까지와 3B 병기이상으로 나누어 비교해보면 3B 병기이상에서 SCC에서만 통계적 유의성을 보였다. (p<0.05) 그러나 종양크기에 따른 종양표지자의 측정치는 통제적 유의성이 없었다.(p>0.05) 결 론 : 혈청 TPA-M과 Cyfra21-1은 폐암환자에 있어 CEA나 SCC보다 민감도와 특이도가 높으며 SCC의 경우 비소세포 폐암에 있어 높은 특이도를 보였으며 SCC의 측정치가 병기와 유관하게 나타났으나 종양의 크기와 병기의 진행과의 관계에 있어서는 더 많은 환자들을 대상으로 한 연구가 행해져야 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.1881-1895
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• 2015

Background: The vascular endothelial growth factor family has been implicated in tumorigenesis and metastasis. The prognostic value of each vascular endothelial growth factor family member, particular VEGF/VEGFR co-expression, in patients with non-small lung cancer remains controversial. Materials and Methods: Relevant literature was identified by searching PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science. Studies evaluating expression of VEGFs and/or VEGFRs by immunohistochemistry or ELISA in lung cancer tissue were eligible for inclusion. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) from individual study were pooled by using a fixed- or random-effect model, heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also performed. Results: 74 studies covering 7,631 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Regarding pro-angiogenesis factors, the expression of VEGFA (HR=1.633, 95%CI: 1.490-1.791) and VEGFR1 (HR=1.924, 95%CI: 1.220-3.034) was associated separately with poor survival. Especially, VEGFA over-expression was an independent prognostic factor in adenocarcinoma (ADC) (HR=1.775, 95%CI: 1.384-2.275) and SCC (HR=2.919, 95%CI: 2.060-4.137). Co-expression of VEGFA/VEGFR2 (HR=2.011, 95%CI: 1.405-2.876) was also significantly associated with worse survival. For lymphangiogenesis factors, the expression of VEGFC (HR=1.611, 95%CI: 1.407-1.844) predicted a poor prognosis. Co-expression of VEGFC/VEGFR3 (HR=2.436, 95%CI: 1.468-4.043) emerged as a preferable prognostic marker. Conclusions: The expression of VEGFA (particularly in SCC and early stage NSCLC), VEGFC, VEGFR1 indicates separately an unfavorable prognosis in patients with NSCLC. Co-expression VEGFA/VEGFR2 is comparable with VEGFC/VEGFR3, both featuring sufficient discrimination value as preferable as prognostic biologic markers.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.163-169
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• 1993

This is the result of the annual statistic analysis of thoracic and cardiovascular surgical cases in 1992 Korea. Overall 17, 520 cases of surgery [11, 732 cases of thoracic surgery by 54 institutes / 5, 788 cases of cardiovascular surgery by 48 institutes] were done. 1. Tumor [N=2, 532] : Lung was the most frequently involved organ by tumor [54.9%],and the remainders were mediastinum [16.2%] / esophagus [14.8%] / chest wall [11.7%] / tracheobronchus [1.3%] / pleura [1.1%] in order. Of 1, 082 cases of primary lung cancer surgery,the frequency of cell type was squamous [62.6%] / adeno [21.6%] / small cell [7.1%] / large cell [2.7%]. Of 411 cases of mediastinal tumor surgery,the frequency of cell type was neurogenic [28.8%] / thymoma [27.6%] / teratoma [17.7%] / congenital cystic [17.2%]. Of 376 cases of esophageal tumor surgery,primary cancer were the most [85.4%]. 2. Infection [N=3, 157] : Pleura was the most frequently involved organ [59.0%],and the remainders were lung [31.3%] / chest wall [8.6%] / mediastinum [1.1%] in order. 3. Miscellaneous [N=6, 043] : Lung and pleural disease esp. pneumothorax [85.1%] was the most frequent surgical indication. The remainders were chest wall anomaly [3.4%] / benign esophageal disease [3.4%] / diaphragmatic pathology [2.4%] / myasthenia [1.4%] in order. Of 85 cases of thymectomy for myasthenia gravis,thymoma was noted in 58.8%. 1. Congenital heart disease [N=3, 363] : The ratio of noncyanotic to cyanotic heart disease was 3:1. Of 2, 516 cases of noncyanotic heart disease,the frequency of disease entity was VSD [44.1%] / ASD [26.0%] / PDA [19.4%] / PS [3.3%],and that of 847 cases of cyanotic heart disease was TOF [29.4%] / ECD [15.6%] / TGA [9.7%] / DORV [7.6%]. Overall mortalities were 2.1% in noncyanotic and 12.2% in cyanotic heart surgery. 2. Acquired heart disease [N=1, 929] : Of 1, 422 cases of valvular surgery,single mitral pathology was the most frequent candidate [48.0%],and total 1, 574 prosthetic valves which were mainly mechanical [95.6%] were used. Of 376 cases of coronary surgery,triple vessel was the most [35.9%],and the frequency of bypassing grafts was great saphenous vein [52.9%] / internal mammary artery [44.7%] / artificial vessel [2.4%]. Overall mortalities were 3.4% in valvular and 4.5% in coronary surgery. 3. Pericardium,Cardiac tumor,Arrhythmia,Aortic aneurysm,Assist device,and Pacemaker : There were no specific changes compared to previous survey1]. This nation-wide inquiry will be continued and reported annually by KTCS Society.