• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.57-64
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• 2015

The construction of vinyl greenhouses are increasing because of economic feasibility, construction period, and construction regulations. However, the vinyl greenhouses are apt to collapse by snow load since they have a small member as a temporary structure. The 3 types of buckling such as global, member and nodal buckling could be occurred to arched structures according to characteristics of cross section. To examine the member buckling, the precision of analysis need to be enhanced. In that case, we can examine the characteristics of the those buckling. The purposes of this study are to verify buckling characteristics of structures using the method of high precision analysis with a center node of member. The results of high precision analysis bring member buckling, and in the analysis method having the center node of member, the value of strength is getting lower than a previous study.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.165.1-165.1
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• 2011

In this paper, it is intended to study about deferences of design and operation properties between large and small hydro-power house's turbine which type is reaction. In generally, turbine of large hydro-power has a more safe and effective energy output mechanisms than small hydro-power's because the turbine of small hydro-power is more sensitive to hydraulic losses. But, it is more effective for the all energy market to improve the capability and efficiency of small hydro-power in the present status of increasing construction of small hydro-power than large hydro-power. Therefore, we intend to investigate and introduce the way to enhance the efficiencies of reaction turbine adopted to small hydro-power.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

In this research pig house facilities what are 3,029 houses hold over 1000 heads were surveyed by scale and province. Full-time farms hold over 1000 heads breed total 7,229,892 heads. And farms breed 2,386.9 heads averagely. Pig houses were constructed august 1995 averagely. Each of houses have $3,017.2\;m^2$ scale. The construction type of pig house was winch-curtain type 77.2% which was most popular, confined type 51.3%, litter type 7.4% and loft type 4.6%. The winch-curtain type was popular than windowless type in pig farms which have 1,000-1,999 heads. But pig house construction type which have more than over 10,000 heads was windowless type more than winch-curtain type. Manure removing type was slurry 72.3% and scraper 38.5% in farms which have 1,000-1,999 heads. Manure removing type was slurry 83.3% in farms which have over 10,000 heads. Proportion of roof type of pig house was slate 51.2%, panel 46.1%. But in middle or small farms, slate type was only 25.0%. Proportion of wall type of pig house was 41.9%, block 21.9%, concrete 7.6%, winch-curtain 6.3%, and bnck 5.9%. Ventilation type of pig house was natural winch 46.1%, mechanical windowless 69.8% and mixed type 53.1%. So, mechanical windowless type was popular than natural winch type. Especially the farm scale is bigger the mechanical widowless type was more. Utilization period of pig house was 8.1 years about automatic feeder, 8.3 years about waterer, 8.2 years about electric facilities and 9.0 years about floor material. Thus, almost of facilities were used at least 8 years.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 1982

We are studying on the home economics, particularly tools and machines used in household affairs. The object of this paper is to rationalize house cleaning method and to improve the used cleaning tools. We have made a social survey in Korea about the real situation of house cleaning as the first phase of this research. The contents are as follows: 1) The consciousness of housemakers for house cleaning. 2) The methods of house cleaning. 3) The used type of vacuum cleaner. 4) Merits and demerits of vacuum cleaner. 5) Troubles of vacuum cleaner etc. The results has been made in comparison with the same social survey in japan and a small scale different survey in The United States of America by auther in 1979. The results are as follow (in Korea). 1. The almost of housemakers are affirmative in charge of household affairs(95%). 2. In household affairs, only 9% of housemakers dislike cleaning work, but 40% of housemakers do not a cleaning work as a daily periodically. 3. In general household, they do a cleaning work with broom, duster and dust cloth, and then the cleaning work is faily backward in mechanization(The possession of vacuum is 19%). 4. The main dissatisfaction of vacuum cleaner is a noise, and also the difficulty of the cleaning in a corner of the room is shown in high percentage too.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.56-64
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• 2008

The objective of this study is to develope ground heat exchanger using PHC file used to building foundation, and it's element technology. So we construct PHC ground heat exchanger in the apartment house's PHC foundation and evaluate it's performance. First, we study PHC file type, heat exchanger pipe, grouting materials, and present apartment house's foundation condition for PHC ground heat exchanger and design it's proto type. Second according to grouting materials, we estimate construction convenience, and it's performance. Construction convenience side, PB 22 A pipe and sand grouting with moisture was good for PHC ground heat exchanger elements. Experiment result is very superior. Thermal conductivity B, C type(sand, gravel) was respectively 32.4 W/m$^{\circ}C$, 36.5 W/m$^{\circ}C$, D(concrete) Type 27.8 W/m$^{\circ}C$, E(bentonite) Type 19.6 W/m$^{\circ}C$. Thermal interference for 4 day experiment period in 3.8 m was very small. So PHC file is good for using ground heat exchanger.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.56-63
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• 2005

This study is to provide basic research data of village composition and housing types of Central Java in Indonesia. So, I needed both field survey and research for 3 villages. I surveyed several houses cased on three village which located in two Desa of Salatica and one Desa of Purbowangi in rural area. The analysis of this research is divided into main categories as follow; The first is characteristics of village composition. And the second is classification of exterior form types and spatial composition of housing. Through this survey, the results of study are as follows. 1. The main elements of village compositions are public facilities, cross street including in naturalism, and shadow within high-rise tree. But it is not important to planning for orientation. 2. The types of house are 16 in all Indonesia land. But in this study 3 village are followed to Java style which has traditional roof style and clay tile material 지붕, 처마, conservation 3. Spatial composition of inner side is focused of living room-Ruang Tamu, and others are organized in small size. But recently new type of improved village house has rest room into living space.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.58-66
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• 2014

The purpose of the study is to estimate the Green-House-Gas (GHG) emissions from domestic eel farm in the water recirculation system or still-water system by the assessment of energy consumptions and GHG emissions for establishing to reduce standards of GHG from a sustainable perspective. GHG emission components as seeds, feed, fuel, electricity, fixed capital, fish respiration, and others were analysed at the different culture type between water recirculation system and still-water system by 3 stage farm size of small, medium, large scale. The result showed that the mean GHG emission of the eel farm was $18.7kg{\cdot}CO_2$ in the stage of production per fish 1kg at different culture type and farm size. Therefore it could be useful for policy, planning, and regulation of aquaculture development with establishing GHG reduction standards.

• Korea Real Estate Review
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.15-26
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• 2014

Using multivariate GARCH model, we estimate the relationship between the housing sale prices and lease prices in the Korean housing market. In the analysis of relationship between the rate of changes in sale and lease prices, the correlation coefficient of the apartment and detached house is higher than that of the townhouse. By housing type, the correlation coefficient between detached house and townhouse is higher than between apartment and detached house or apartment and townhouse. By housing size, there are no significant different results between the sales price and the rental price. The correlation coefficient between medium and small size is the highest in the apartment housing market, whereas the correlation coefficient between large and medium size is the highest in the detached housing market, resulting from the fact that people may be more interested in medium- and small-sized apartment and large- and medium-sized detached house. In the detached housing market, the correlation coefficient between large-medium size and medium-small size in the rental price is higher than that of sales price. This result implies that the process of the decision making between purchasing and leasing a house might be different.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.75-80
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• 2011

The Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs has announced a policy which could enable the building of urban type housing using a prefabrication method in 2010. However, it may possibly be at standstill owing to the prefabrication methodology has not been currently developed in Korea. Moreover, small households of one or two family members are been steadily increasing, but small housing in which they reside has been decreasing. Because of this situation, the urban type housing has been proposed. To expand the propagation of this urban type house and to promote the prefabrication method, the first-priority project is to develop a technology that is able to reduce the construction costs, as well as to shorten the construction period. Considering this prefabrication system as an avenue to be able to solve these problems, a series of systems and policies for fostering prefabricated urban type housing has been proposed. This study is to review a series of methods, technologies and policies that are required for urban type housing and henceforth, to utilize them as preliminary data for prefabricated urban type housing.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.35 no.10
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• pp.217-223
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to measure the indoor air quality of small-scale apartments and then proposed a method to improve the indoor air quality of the small-scale apartments by comparing with the result of indoor air quality in the Clean-Healthy House. In case of formaldehyde, a highly volatile organic compound, the concentrations of indoor measured both in small-scale apartments and the Clean Healthy houses did not exceed- the guideline of Korea. The guideline of Korea for acetaldehyde was not available, so the guidelines of Japan and the World Health Organization were used to measure the concentration of acetaldehyde. The study results demonstrated that three out of seven small-scale apartments investigated exceeded the guideline of Japan; and the preliminary research on the Clean-Health Houses was low at about 30-60% of the guideline of Japan. The result of the VOCs measurement showed that toluene, ethylbenzene, and styrene in some small-scale apartments exceeded the guideline of Korea. However, the Clean-Healthy Houses in the previous studies did not exceed the guideline of Korea with regard to all the pollutants. Therefore, this study suggests the application of the construction standards of the Clean-Healthy house in order to improve the indoor air quality of small-scale apartments. In addition, the current study anticipates that improvement of the indoor air quality in the residential environments should be universally applied, not limited to the type and size of the residence.