• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2020년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.92-92
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• 2020

The phenolic contents in soybean seeds are affected by genetic and environmental factors. In the present study, 24 black soybeans and a control variety were grown in Korea and grouped as small (<13 g), medium (13 - 24.0 g), and large (>24 g) based on their seed weight. The total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activities were analyzed and compared with their seed weight. The TPC was in the ranges 2.016 - 5.535, 1.992 - 4.679, and 1.829 - 4.621 mg GAE/g in small, medium, and large seeds with an average of 3.824, 3.108, and 3.626 mg GAE/g, respectively. The FRAP and DPPH activities were in the ranges 4.327 - 6.394 and 0.354 - 0.403 mg AAE/g in small seeds, 2.510 - 6.147 and 0.356 - 0.417 mg AAE/g in medium seeds, and 3.024 - 6.389 and 0.344 - 0.405 mg AAE/g in large seeds, respectively. Besides, ABTS activity was in the ranges 4.833 - 4.967, 3.636 - 4.871, and 4.554 - 4.956 mg TE/g in small, medium, and large seeds, respectively. Small seeds had the highest average FRAP (5.498 mg AAE/g) and ABTS (4.902 mg TE/g) activities while large seeds showed the highest average DPPH (0.387 mg AAE/g) activity although the variations were not significant (p > 0.05). TPC showed positive correlation with every antioxidant activity. However, the TPC correlation was significant (p < 0.05) only with DPPH (r = 0.673). Overall, small seeds presented a relatively high TPC and maximum antioxidant activities. Hence, black soybeans with small seeds could be important sources of high phenolic concentration and provide improved health benefits.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.617-627
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• 1999

The present study was conducted to evaluate the usefulness of four kinds of legumes(black soybean: BS, yellow soybean: YS, green peas: GP, soybean curd residue: SCR) as a high-fiber supplement in the therapeutic diet for diabetic patients. Seven groups of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were fed isocaloric experimental diets containing 8% dietary fiber from one of legumes for 6 weeks. The effects of legumes on the gastrointestinal function and diabetic symptoms in diabetic rats were also examined and compared with the effects of cellulose or pectin diet. Legume supplementations had no significant effects on alleviating typical diabetic symptoms such as polydipsia, polyphasia, polyuria, and urinary glucose excretion when compared with cellulose or pectin supplementations. The supplementations of legumes all resulted in remarkable changes in gastrointestinal functions: shortening of GI transit time and increases in fecal volume, fecal water and crude fat contents. Legume supplementations appeared to supress the damages of the small intestine villi and the enteritis symptoms in diabetic rats. GP led to regular villus patterns closer to normal villus. BS, YS and GP led to the enlargement of cecum in diabetic rats. In conclusion, the present studies have demonstrated that legumes may possess a significant physiological actions in the control of various diabetic conditions.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.81-90
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• 1992

The Guk had lessened to use Gang, Whak, Tang. The Guk was classified into cooking method as a soup stock, the used main substances, and the temperature of the Guk. According to the soup stock were divided clear soup, Tojangguk, and Gooumguk. Another classification of Guk by main substances were Yuktang (meat soup), Otang (fish soup), bongtang (poultry soup), Shotang (vegetable soup), Japtang (vary substance soup) and Yonpotang (soybean-curd soup), and by the temperature of the Guk were divided Doounguk (warm soup) and Naengguk (cold soup). In the thesis, according to the kinds of Tojangguk, the reference frequency to them, the adding foods in them, and the variety cooking method in the Tojangguk were analyzed by the cook books published from 1700 to 1988 in Korea. 1. There were 29 kinds of Tojangguk. 2. The main substances of Tojangguk were meat, poultry, fish, shellfish, vegetable, mushrooms and seasonings. 3. The Tojangguk was boiled with the rice water and fermented soybean paste and fermented soybean-pepper powder paste. For the development of taste were added beef, shellfish, dried anchovy, dried small prawn, and soup stock of beef bones in winter. Seasoning substances were green onion, garlic, black pepper, sesame powder and oil.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.165-176
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• 2010

Soybean seeds contain many biologically active secondary metabolites, such as proteins, saponins, isoflavones, phytic acids, trypsin inhibitors and phytosterols. Among them, saponins in soybeans have attracted considerable interest because of their health benefits. Soyasaponin A and B are the most abundant types of saponins found in soybeans along with soyasapogenol (aglycone), which is a precursor of soyasaponin. The main purpose of this experiment was to determine the concentration of soyasapogenol in soybean seeds and sprouts as a function of seed size, usage, seed coat color and seed cotyledon color. The 79 Korean soybean varieties were cultivated at Yesan of Chungnam in 2006 for the analysis of soyasapogenol using HPLC with Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD). The total average concentration of soyasapogenol was $1313.52{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in soybean seeds and $1377.22{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in soybean sprouts. Soybean sprouts were about 5% higher than soybean seeds in average total soyasapogenol concentration. In the process of sprouting, the average soyasapogenol A content decreased by approximately 1.6%, but soyasapogenol B and total soyasapogenol increased by 8.31% and 4.88%, based on the content of soybean seeds. When classified according to the size of seeds, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean seeds were not significantly different (p<0.05) On average, small soybean seeds were increased by as much as $103.14{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$ in sprouting process. As a function of the use of the seeds, The total soyasapogenol in soybean seeds were significantly different (p<0.05). While, the soybean sprouts were not significant different (p<0.05). Altogether, sprout soybean seeds show the greatest change in content during the germination process. When seeds with different coat colors were compared, the total soyasapogenol concentration of soybean with yellow seed coats ($1357.30\mu g\;g^{1}$) was slightly higher than that of soybean with black ($1260.30{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) or brown ($1263.62{\mu}g\;g^{-1}$) seed coats. For the color of the cotyledon, the total soyasapogenol concentration was significantly increased in green cotyledon during the germination and seedling process. The results of this study suggest the functional characteristics of soybeans through quantitative analysis of soyasapogenol. In addition, the concentration of soyasapogenol exhibited a change during the germination process, which was evaluated by the nutritional value of the soybean sprouts.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2011

콩의 일반성분 분석에서 조지방은 백태 17.60${\pm}$0.14%, 조단백질은 서목태 42.38${\pm}$0.15%로 가장 높고, 조회분의 경우 비슷한 값을 나타내었다. 색도는 L값 작두콩 64.07${\pm}$0.97, a값 강낭콩 15.64${\pm}$0.48, b값 백태 22.92${\pm}$0.09로 각각 가장 높은값을 나타내었다. 유리당 중 fructose, glucose, maltose는 서목태가 각각 13.92 mg/g, 20.52 mg/g, 2.61 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함유량을 보였으며, sucrose는 서리태가 54.23 mg/g으로 가장 높은 함유량을 보였다. 유기산 중 oxalic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid는 각각 서목태가 23.26 mg/100 g, 18.24 mg/100g, 23.6 mg/100 g으로 가장 높은 함유량을 보였으며, citric acid의 경우 청태가 7.22 mg/100 g으로 가장 높은 함유량을 보였다. 콩의 종류에 따라 각각 함유 성분에 차이가 있었다. 구성아미노산은 glutamic acid가 2.68~6.18 g/100 g으로 가장 많이 함유하고 있으며, 그 중 서리태가 가장 많이 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 콩의 무기질은 K, Mg이 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, Co, Cu, Zn은 미량 함유되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과에서 콩의 품종에 따른 차이와 동일한 품종일지라도 재배 및 환경 요인, 건조 방법, 건조 상태에 따라 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1618-1625
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 임실특산물인 쥐눈이콩및 쥐눈이식초콩의 혈당강하 및 인슐린 감수성에 대한 효과를 검정콩, 메주콩과 비교하여 조사하였다. 식이물질의 성분검사 결과 쥐눈이콩과 쥐눈이식초콩이 검정콩과 메주콩에 비하여 당뇨개선의 효과가 있는 여러 아미노산 및 식이섬유 함량이 유의적으로 높게 측정 되었다. 실험 을 위 해 평균체중 195.5$\pm$0.98 g의 숫컷쥐를 정상군(NC), 당뇨대조군(DI, DC), 검정콩식이군(DB), 메주콩식이군(DY), 쥐눈이콩식이군(DS), 쥐눈이식초콩식이군(DSS)으로 총 7개군으로 나누어 해당식이첨가 시료로 4주간 사육하였다. 당뇨유발을 위 해 STZ를 1회 (70 mg/kg/rat) 투여하였으며 그 결과 체중변화는 당뇨대조군(DC)에서 21.12 g감소함에 반하여 각각의 시료를 첨가식이한 당뇨실험군에서 특히 쥐눈이콩(DS)과 쥐눈이식초콩(DSS) 식이군은 높은 식이 이용 효율(FER)을 보여 각각 14.73$\pm$3.65 g 및 16.71$\pm$5.54 g의 몸무게 증가를 보였다. 음용수 및 뇨량의 측정 결과 역 시 당뇨실험군에서 유의적인 감소(p<0.05)를 보였다. 혈당량은 당뇨대조군(DC)에 비하여 검정콩(DH),메주콩(DY), 쥐눈이콩(DS), 쥐눈이식초콩(DSS) 식이군이 각각 17.9%, 16.9%, 10.35%, 19.54%씩 유의하게 감소하였으나 정상대조군(NC)보다는 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 또한 당뇨쥐의 인슐린 감수성에 대한 관찰결과 당뇨대조군 중 인슐린 무처지군(DC)에 비하여 모든 당뇨실험군에서 높은 값을 보였다. 결론적으로 임실산 쥐눈이콩과 쥐눈이식초콩은 당뇨쥐의 혈당강하 및 인슐린감수성에 대한 개선작용의 가능성이 있으므로 당뇨합병증 예방의 기능성 식품으로 기대된다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.216-219
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• 2012

청국장은 대두 발효식품으로 미생물, 효소, daidzein, 펩타이드 등이 풍부하다. 백태, 흑태, 서리태, 약콩 등 4종류의 대두와 Bacillus licheniformsi B1 균주를 이용해서 청국장을 제조하면서 각각의 발효양상을 비교하였다. pH, 갈변물질의 변화를 청국장 발효의 지표로 이용하였다. 발효시간에 따른 청국장의 pH 변화에서는, 초기에는 백태 청국장의 pH가 가장 높았으나 시간이 지나며 증가속도가 낮아졌다. 흑태, 서리태, 약콩의 경우는 발효 개시 초기에는 pH 변화가 적었으나 시간이 지나면서 pH가 급격히 상승하는 등, 백태와는 다른 양상을 보였다. 발효 1일 후 갈변도는 백태 청국장이 가장 높았으며, 나머지 검은콩의 경우 그보다 낮은 값을 보여 주었다. 서리태의 경우 발효 1일 후부터 갈변도가 급격히 증가하였다. 검은콩에 존재하는 anthocyanin에 의해 청국장 발효균주의 생장이 억제되어 초반에는 발효 정도가 백태에 비해 약한 것으로 보인다. 항염효과를 지니는 daidzein 함량을 HPLC로 분석한 결과, 흑태, 서리태, 약콩 청국장은 백태 청국장보다 높은 값을 보였다. 서리태, 흑태, 약콩 등 검정콩에 대해서도 B. licheniformis B1 균주로 청국장 발효가 이루어질 수 있음을 확인하였다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.360-378
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• 1998

Imwonshibyukji was a copying manuscript written around 1825, the 27th year of king Soonjo of the Josun Dynasty. It was a massive home encyclopedia of total 52 books and 100 volumes. The unpublished 'Jeongjoji' of its 17-20th volumes analyzed the cooking methods on the steamed rice and gruel and studied the degree of their usefulness and medical values in the light of the cooking process science. The cooking method on the steamed rice was composed of 14 items, and the general introduction outlined 6 kinds of the rice. These were all quoted from Chinese literatures. The 11 items present the methods on the general production of the rice, 2 on the cooking process, and 1 on the preservation. The main material of the rice was rice, and others were naked barley, prosomillet, foxtail millet, glutinous millet, etc. , and the secondary materials were glutinous rice, small red bean, black soybean, potato, bamboo seed, jujube, taro, gaertner, chestnut powder, persimmon power, julib(Zizania caduciflora), mangcho(Erigeron canadensis), namchok(Nandina domestica), licorice root, nitrous, peach, palmicha(schizandra, jinseng, cheonmoondong(Asparagus), and honey are mixed), etc. The literatures quoted in the rice were all 33, in which 23 were Chinese (69.7%) and 10 were Korean (30.3%). In the case of gruel, the cooking methods on the general gruel were described in 41 items, and on the gruel for a medical treatment were in 48 items, in which there was not a cooking method on the gruel but only its medical values were presented. The materials used for the general gruel were approximately 60 kinds: rice, glutinous rice, munbean, job's tears, rye, soybean, black sesame seed, antler of cervidae, chicken, crucian carp, and various medical materials, etc. The gruel was mainly used for protection and medical treatment, and partly for food for hungry people. The literatures quoted in the gruel were total 57, in which 26 were Korean(45.6%), and 31 were Chinese (54.4%). It can be their characteristics that Almost all of the Chinese literatures on the methods of the steamed rice and gruel do not exist.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 1998

Seeds of medicinal soybean [Glycine max(L.) Merill] are characterized by a black seed coat, white stripe at hilum border, yellow cotyledon, and very small seed weight. Production of this medicinal soybean has recently increased as a consumption increased. The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth characteristics and seed yield of collected medicinal soybeans and to obtain basic information on production practices and breeding materials. The collected medicinal soybean lines were cultivated at three locations for two years. Twenty-seven lines were planted at the Research Farm, Korea University, Namyangju city, on May 23, and at the Research Farm, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, on May 20, 1995. In 1996 field experiments, forty-four lines were planted on May 25, at Research Farm, Korea University, and twenty-seven lines among those were planted on June 7 at the Research Farm of National Yeongnam Agricultural Experiment Station, Milyang city. The investigated lines had purple or white flower. Flowering and maturing dates were similar or later than those of the control cultivars. Branch number was greater for the investigated lines. One hundred-seed weight of the lines ranged from 8.5 to 15.0 g. Mean seed yields ranged from 1.54 to 2.89 MT/ha. Nine lines of the investigated medicinal soybeans showed higher yield capacity than the control cultivars. Further research should be done on the improvement of the production system and breeding program of medicinal soybeans.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.222-225
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• 2010

재래종 서리태는 밥밑용 콩으로 한국인에게 선호되고 있으나, 숙기가 느려 수량성이 떨어지고 콩알이 커서 청소년들에게는 기피 경향이 있다. 서리태의 특성을 개량하고자 1994년 수집한 서리태 종자에 감마선 250 Gy를 조사하여 돌연변이 육종을 시도하였다. 그 후대에서 숙기가 빠르고 수량성이 높으며 콩알 크기가 작아진 유망 돌연변이 계통을 선발하여 '조생서리'로 명명하고, 2005년도에 품종보호권 및 국가품종목록등 재 신청을 하였으며, 2008년도에 등록을 완료하였다. 신품종 '조생서리'의 신육형은 유한형, 꽃색은 자색, 엽형은 능형이며, 종피색은 검정색이고 모용색과 성숙기 협색 모두 갈색의 특징을 가진다. '조생서리'의 개화기는 파종 후 57일경으로 중생종이며, 재래종 서리태(67일)보다는 10일 정도 빠르다. '조생서리'의 성숙기는 파종 후 130일로 재래종 서리태의 164일 보다 34일 정도 빠르다. 100립중은 재래종 서리태가 40.1 g으로 극대립종에 해당되는데 비교하여, '조생서리'는 32.8 g으로 중대립종에 속한다. 신품종 '조생서리'의 10a 당수량은 179 kg으로 재래종 서리태 74 kg에 비교하여 2.4배 정도 높았다.