• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.354-358
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• 2011

Small hydropower is one of the many types of new and renewable energy, which South Korea is planning to develop, as the country is abundant in endowed resources. In order to fully utilize small hydropower resources, there is a need for greater precision in quantifying small hydropower resources and establish an environment in which energy sources can be discovered using the small hydropower resource management system. This study has given greater precision to calculating annual electricity generation and installed capacity of small hydropower plants of Nakdong river system by inquiring into average annual rainfall, basin area and runoff coefficient, which is anticipated to promote small hydropower resources utilization. Small hydropower resource management system was also established by additionally providing base information on quantified small hydropower resources and analysis function and small hydropower generator status, rivers, basin, rainfall gauging station, water level gauging station etc.. Small hydropower resource management system can be used gather basic information for positive applications of small hydropower energy nationwide.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2012

The number of small businesses being founded nationally is constantly increasing and various kinds of aggressive efforts are being made to remain competitive. As such, political support by the government for small businesses that have great productivity and competitiveness must increase. The founding of small businesses is being promoted by the government in order to boost the economy, and interest in founding new businesses is high amongst not only college students, but even general workers. Thus, the purpose of this study is to examine problems regarding the founding of small businesses, and to give new businesses a competitive edge by presenting political answers to these problems. After analyzing the status of current issues concerning the foundation of small businesses, this paper suggests some positive policy alternatives. Existing studies on small businesses were focused on the promotion of small and medium distributors, and studies on policy alternatives aimed directly at promoting the businesses are, so far, insufficient. Further studies are required to examine political alternatives from the perspective of the roles of non-profit organizations, which the Government is responsible for, in supporting small business.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2008

PET allows non-invasive, quantitative and repetitive imaging of biological function in living animals. Small animal PET imaging with $[^{18}F]$FDG has been successfully applied to investigation of metabolism, receptor-ligand interactions, gene expression, adoptive cell therapy and somatic gene therapy. Experimental condition of animal handling impacts on the biodistribution of $[^{18}F]$FDG in small animal study. The small animal PET and CT images were registered using the hardware fiducial markers and small animal contour point. Tumor imaging in small animal with small animal $[^{18}F]$FDG PET should be considered fasting, warming, and isoflurane anesthesia level. Registered imaging with small animal PET and CT image could be useful for the detection of tumor. Small animal experimental condition of animal handling and registration method will be of most importance for small lesion detection of metastases tumor model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.21-24
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• 2004

This paper describes a perception of small-obstacle using ultrasonic sensors in a mobile robot. The research on the avoidance of the large-obstacles such as a wall, a large box, etc. using ultrasonic sensors has been generally progressed up to now. But the mobile robot could meet a small-obstacle such as a small plastic bottle of about 1 l in quantity, a small box of 7${\times}$7${\times}$7 cm3 in volume, and so on in its designated path, and could be disturbed by them in the locomotion of the mobile robot. So, it is necessary to research on the avoidance of a small-obstacle. In this paper, the small-obstacle perceiving system was designed and fabricated by arranging four ultrasonic sensors on the plastic plate to avoid a small-obstacle. The small-obstacle perceiving system was installed on the above part of the mobile robot with the slope of 40.7$^{\circ}$ to a horizontal line. The static characteristic test and the dynamic characteristic test were performed to know the information of the used ultrasonic sensors. As a result, the mobile robot with the small-obstacle perceiving system could avoid a small-obstacle, and could move in indoor environment safely.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.163-173
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• 2011

Now, 1 person or 2 people households have increased in Korea. But the quality of living environment of small houses and small houses supply for university students are insufficient. The purpose of this study is to propose the types and spaces of small houses, and the elements and types of interior space planning of small houses for university students. This study surveyed 293 university students lived in metropolitan area. And the methods of this study are literature review and survey. Through this study, the conclusions of this study are as follows. First, the types of small houses are 9 types, and the types of interior space planning of small houses are 10 types. Seconds, the introduction of natural elements and spatial separation based on openness in small houses for university students are necessary. Thirds, the spatial planning for security and safety in small houses for university students are necessary. Fourth, the planning of various storage space and space maintenance of small houses are necessary. Fifths, generally, the consideration of functional elements as 'safety', 'storage', and natural elements as 'ventilation', 'view' and 'daylighting' in small houses are necessary for university students.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.5-21
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• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to clarify the meanings of small enterprise and modify criteria for explaining its range. Prioritizing the number of full time workers first and the sales next are proper as a new concept and range. Research design, data, and methodology - In research, 'small company' is a basic concept because the range of its standard is categorized as a 'small company' in the policy system of small & medium business. This study focuses on the solutions with ① evaluation on sales, ② standard for excluded ones ③ regulation for excluded business types in 'Act on Protection and Support for Small Enterprise'. Results - Clarifying the range of standard with maintaining the title is advisable. The scope should resist the current criteria or adopt a new standard which contains not only full time workers but also the sales. The new one may raise the policies' effectiveness because it can sort the 1% people of small enterprises. Conclusions - However, there should be a preventive system for sorting out the non-eligible ones not conformed to the CAP for small company. Therefore, it is desirable to prepare the system with 'unsuitable ones list' or regulate large income·inappropriate business types in 'Act on protection and support for small enterprise'.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2015

Two new bitter-tasting cyclic peptides comprising six amino acids, namely gamakamide C and D, were isolated from cultured oysters Crassostrea gigas. Dimethylaminoazobenzene sulfonyl-amino acid analysis detected Val and Leu in gamakamide C and Ile and Leu in gamakamide D. The molecular formula of gamakamide C was determined as $C_{43}H_{60}N_{7}O_8S$ by high-resolution fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (HR FAB-MS) ($[M+H]^+m/z822.4200{\Delta}-2.4mmu$), and that of gamakamide D was determined as $C_{43}H_{62}N_7O_8S$ by HR FAB-MS ($[M+H]^+m/z836.4379{\Delta}-2.0mmu$). Comparison of amino acid analyses and fragment ions by MS/MS among gamakamide C, D, and E (known), the structures of gamakamide C and D were confirmed $as-{\small{L}}-Val-{\small{L}}-Met(SO)-{\small{L}}-NMe-Phe-{\small{L}}-Leu-{\small{D}}-Lys-{\small{L}}-Phe-$ and $-{\small{L}}-Ile-{\small{L}}-Met(SO)-{\small{L}}-NMe-Phe-{\small{L}}-Leu-{\small{D}}-Lys-{\small{L}}-Phe-$, respectively.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Reports
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.60-67
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• 2021

Tumors of the small intestine are rare and generally asymptomatic or with nonspecific symptoms. The small intestine is difficult to approach using conventional endoscopy, and early diagnosis of the small intestinal tumors is difficult. Therefore, many of the small intestinal tumors are diagnosed at an advanced stage, which makes the prognosis poor. Premalignant lesions of the small intestine or known risk factors of small bowel cancer are sporadic adenoma, adenoma associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, hamartomatous polyp associated with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome, Crohn's disease, and celiac disease. Therefore, it is necessary to recognize that the small bowel cancer can occur in these patients with premalignant lesions or risk factors of small bowel cancer. To reduce the possibility of small bowel cancer or to detect at an earlier stage, attention should be paid to screening and surveillance of these patients with premalignant lesions or risk factors of the small bowel cancer.

• The Korean Journal of Cytopathology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 1996

Small cell carcinoma of the lung is characterized by cells with finely stippled chromatin and scanty cytoplasm as well as a particularly aggressive clinical course and favorable response to the chemotherapy. Recently percutaneous fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy has become both widely established and highly respected for the diagnosis of lung cancer. However metastatic small cell carcinoma of lymph node should be cytologically differentiated from the small round cell tumor of particular sites, especially malignant lymphoma, because small ceil carcinoma of classic oat cell type nay simulate small cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. We report five cases of metastatic small cell carcinoma of in-termediate cell type diagnosed by FNA of the enlarged lymph nodes of the neck and axilla. The cytologic smears contained diffuse small neoplastic cells larger than lymphocytes with dense, pyknotic nuclei and extremely scanty cytoplasm. Apparently viable large tumor cells have vesicular nuclei with granular, sometimes very coarse chromatin. The characteristic cytologic features of small cell carcinoma as compared to malignant lymphoma were as follows.: 1) small cells with dense pyknotic nuclei are evenly distributed in the background of apparently viable larger tumor cells, admixed with mature lymphocytes and phagocytic macrophages. 2) small loose aggregates of cells with nuclear melding are indicative of small cell carcinoma rather than non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. 3) the cytoplasmic and nuclear fragments of tumor necrosis are more dominant in the smears of small cell carcinoma. 4) nuclear membrane and nucleoli are generally indistinct in small cell carcinoma due to condensation of chromatin.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.628-646
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• 2010

The subject of this research is the small-scale trade between South Korea and China (this trade is a so-called shuttle trade.) This research attempts to find the background to the emergence of the Sino-South Korean (cross-border) small-scale trade and the role of travel routes between the two countries. This research also aims to identify the development process of the bilateral small-scale trade by studying the scale of the small-scale trade and the organization of small-scale traders. Moreover, this research tries to discover the spatial characteristics of the interregional small-scale trade by reviewing the characteristics of traded goods; process of export and import and nodes of small-scale trade. To accomplish aforementioned purposes, the author discussed the relations between small-scale traders and maritime companies. The author also studied the internal change in the small-scale trade by focusing on the reinforcement of the regulation against the small-scale trade. Lastly, the author cited the case of the Soviet Union and middle-eastern Europe, which tremendously expanded the small-scale trades in the 1980s, in order to explain the growth of the Sino-South Korean small-scale trade.