• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.40-48
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• 2017

In this study, we evaluated the nitrogen (N) mineralization potential and Nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of oil-cake, compost, hairy vetch and barley, which are the most widely used organic amendments in South Korea. The N mineralization potential (No) for organic fertilizers treated soil was highest for the hairy vetch treatment with a value of $18.9mg\;N\;100\;g^{-1}$, followed by oil-cake, barley and compost. The amount of pure N mineralization potentials in hairy vetch, oil-cake, barley and compost treatments were 8.42, 7.62, 3.82 and $3.60mg\;N\;100\;g^{-1}$, respectively. The half-life ($t_{1/2}$) of organic N in soil amended with oil-cake fertilizer mineralized quickly in 17 days. While, $t_{1/2}$ values of organic N for the compost and barley treatments accounted to 44.4 and 44.1 days, respectively. Oil-cake was good in supplying nutrients to plants. Compost and barley inhibited plant growth in the beginning growth stage and this is attributed to N immobilization effect. The results of this study highlight that compost and barley could be used as potential slow release fertilizers in conventional agriculture.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.749-755
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• 2001

High Electromagnetic Field (EMF) with an intensity of 1 mT (Tesla) inhibited the growth of both human normal lung and immune T cell down to $20-30\%$, compared to that of an unexposed case. The human T-cells, Jurkat, were more severely affected by EMF than the human lung cells, which showed a relatively slow cell growth and substantial releas of $Ca^+2$ (3.5 times higher than the human T-cells). However, the growth of hepatoma carcinoma, Hep3B, was enhanced by twice that of an unexposed case. The EMF intensity and exposure time did not affect the growth of the cancer cells very much, while it significantly affected the growth of normal cells. Accordingly, it is possible that EMFs may play a role in the initiation of cancer. The EMFs disturbed the signal transduction and membrane systems, such that a five times higher amount of PKC-${\alpha}$ was released from the cell membrane than in the control. Extended exposure to EMFs, for more than 48 hours, also led to 1 $90\%$ necrotic death pattern from apoptotic cell death. Finally, EMF at an intensity of 1mT with a 24-T exposure promoted the differentiation of HL-60 cells to monocytes/macrophages, possibly causing potential acute leukemia.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.513-519
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• 2010

A series of experiments were performed to study the influence of the following parameters on the physical traits and composition of swine manure compost: (1) addition of magnesium (Mg) at a molar ratio of 1.2 with respect to $PO_4$, and (2) reutilization of compost containing $MgNH_4PO_4{\cdot}6H_2O$ (magnesium ammonium phosphate, MAP). Three independent batch tests were conducted for replication: batch test I-control (C) and Mg added (T), batch test II-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R1}$), and batch test III-C, T and compost recycle ($T_{R2}$). Magnesium addition and compost reutilization had no adverse effect on the degradation of organic matter. Reuse of the compost, however, had a clear effect on the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) contents in the final compost. Repeated compost reutilization as a bulking material was resulted in composts rich in N and P. Upon adding the Mg supplement to the composting materials, the ortho-phosphate (OP) to TP ratio decreased due to the MAP crystallization reaction. The decrease in the OP/TP ratio and the increase in the TP content of the compost indicate that water-soluble phosphate is converted into a slow-release phosphate by the formation of crystals during composting. X-ray diffraction analysis of the irregular shaped crystals in the compost indicated that they are MAP crystals and that the crystallization of MAP begins immediately after the addition of the Mg supplement. The Mg addition to composting materials and the reutilization of compost as a bulking material would be a practical means to conserve nutrient content.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2005

Estuarine sediments are frequently polluted with hydrocarbons from fuel spills and industrial wastes. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are components of these contaminants that tend to accumulate in the sediment due to their low aqueous solubility, low volatility, and high affinity for particulate matter. The toxic, recalcitrant, mutagenic, and carcinogenic nature of these compounds may require aggressive treatment to remediate polluted sites effectively. In petroleum-contaminated sediments near a petrochemical industry in Gwangyang Bay, Korea, in situ PAH concentrations ranged from 10 to 2,900 ${\mu}g/kg$ dry sediment. To enhance the biodegradation rate of PAHs under anaerobic conditions, sediment samples were amended with biostimulating agents alone or in combination: nitrogen and phosphorus in the form of slow-release fertilizer (SRF), lactate, yeast extract (YE), and Tween 80. When added to the sediment individually, all tested agents enhanced the degradation of PAHs, including naphthalene, acenaphthene, anthracene, fluorene, phenanthrene, fluoranthene, pyrene, chrysene, and benzo [a] pyrene. Moreover, the combination of SRF, Tween 80, and lactate increased the PAH degradation rate 1.2-8.2 times above that of untreated sediment (0.01-10 ${\mu}g$ PAH/ kg dry sediment/day). Our results indicated that in situ contaminant PAHs in anoxic sediment, including high molecular weight PAHs, were degraded biologically and that the addition of stimulators increased the biodegradation potential of the intrinsic microbial populations. Our results will contribute to the development of new strategies for in situ treatment of PAH-contaminated anoxic sediments.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.317-325
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• 2020

The Far Eastern catfish (Silurus asotus) is an important commercial freshwater fish in Korea. Investigation of the genetic diversity of wild and cultured domestic catfish groups is essential for the restoration of fishery resources and for increasing local revenue. However, there are relatively few genetic diversity studies on wild and cultured catfish in Korea. In the present study, we analyzed the genetic diversity and association of wild and cultured catfish using five microsatellite markers. We determined that the number of alleles per locus (N_A) ranged from 9 to 25, wherein the Jeonbuk catfish demonstrated the highest mean number of alleles per locus and the cultured catfish exhibited the lowest. The average expected heterozygosity (He) of the wild catfish samples was 0.907, and that of the cultured catfish showed was 0.875. The genetic distances (GD value) among populations of all catfish ranged from 0.138 to 0.242. Jeonnam and Jeonbuk wild catfish were located closest to each other, and the cultured group was separated from the other groups. In conclusion, the present study confirmed that the genetic diversity of wild and cultured catfish was maintained at a high level. In the case of the wild group, it is effective in maintaining diversity due to the continuous fry release by the local fish research institute. However, the genetic diversity of cultured catfish declined. Low diversity is associated with slow growth and weakened immunity, and therefore continuous monitoring is necessary.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.253-266
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• 2021

The sufficient early strength of primary support is crucial for stabilizing the surroundings, especially for the tunnels constructed in soil. This paper introduces the Steel-Concrete Composite Support System (SCCS), a new support with high bearing capacity and flexible, rapid construction. The bearing characteristics and construction performance of SCCS were systematically studied using a three-dimensional numerical model. A sensitivity analysis was also performed. It was found that the stress of a π-shaped steel arch decreased with an increase in the thickness of the wall, and increased linearly with an increase in the rate of stress release. In the horizontal direction of the arch section, the nodal stresses of the crown and the shoulder gradually increased in longitudinally, and in the vertical direction, the nodal stresses gradually decreased from top to bottom. The stress distribution at the waist, however, was opposite to that at the crown and the shoulder. By analyzing the stress of the arch section under different installation gaps, the sectional stress evolution was found to have a step-growth trend at the crown and shoulder. The stress evolution at the waist is more likely to have a two-stage growth trend: a slow growth stage and a fast growth stage. The maximum tensile and compressive stresses of the secondary lining supported by SCCS were reduced on average by 38.0% and 49.0%, respectively, compared with the traditional support. The findings can provide a reference for the supporting technology in tunnels driven in loess.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.520-530
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• 2021

Multivariate statistical analysis and an environmental hydrological model were applied for investigating the causes of water pollution and providing best management practices for water quality improvement in urban and agricultural watersheds. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) for water quality time series data show that chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), suspended solids (SS) and total phosphorus (T-P) are classified as non-point source pollutants that are highly correlated with river discharge. Total nitrogen (T-N), which has no correlation with river discharge and inverse relationship with water temperature, behaves like a point source with slow and consistent release. Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) shows intermediate characteristics between point and non-point source pollutants. The results of the PCA and CA for the spatial water quality data indicate that the cluster 1 of the watersheds was characterized as upstream watersheds with good water quality and high proportion of forest. The cluster 3 shows however indicates the most polluted watersheds with substantial discharge of BOD and nutrients from urban sewage, agricultural and industrial activities. The cluster 2 shows intermediate characteristics between the clusters 1 and 3. The results of hydrological simulation program-Fortran (HSPF) model simulation indicated that the seasonal patterns of BOD, T-N and T-P are affected substantially by agricultural and livestock farming activities, untreated wastewater, and environmental flow. The spatial analysis on the model results indicates that the highly-populated watersheds are the prior contributors to the water quality degradation of the river.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2024

Recently, enhanced in situ bioremediation using slow substrate release techniques has been actively researched for managing TCE-contaminated groundwater. This study conducted a lab-scale batch reactor experiment to evaluate the feasibility of natural attenuation for TCE dechlorination using microsized corn-oil droplet (MOD) as an activator considering the following three factors: 1) TCE dechlorination in the presence or absence of MOD; 2) TCE dechlorination in the presence or absence of inactivator of native microbial activity; and 3) MOD concentration effects on TCE dechlorination. Batch reactors were constructed using site groundwater and soil in which Dehalococcoides bacteria were present. Without MOD, TCE was decomposed into dichloroethylene (DCE). However, other by-products of TCE dechlorination were not detected. With MOD, DCE, vinyl chloride (VC), and ethylene (ETH) were sequentially observed. This result confirmed that MOD effectively supplied electrons to complete dechlorination of TCE to ETH. However, when an excess of MOD was provided, it formed unfavorable conditions for anaerobic digestion because dechlorination reaction did not proceed while propionic acid was accumulated after DCE was generated. Therefore, if an appropriate amount of MOD is supplied, MOD can be effectively used as a natural reduction activator to promote biodegradation in an aquifer contaminated by TCE.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.314-321
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• 2007

도시농업에 대한 관심과 수요가 증가하고 있으나 실내 채소재배에 대한 연구는 매우 미진한 상황이다. 따라서 본 연구는 아파트 베란다에서 이용하기에 좋은 관비방법 및 재배가 적합한 채소작목을 선발하고자 수행되었다. 가정용 채소 관비방법을 선발하기 위하여 담액수경, 심지관수(양액 또는 완효성비료), 두상관수 등 4가지 방법을 비교해 본 결과 심지관수법에서 상추, 겨자채, 적근대 모두 관행대비 생육과 수량이 높았다. 뿐만 아니라 심지관수 방법은 양수분관리에 필요한 노력과 시간을 대폭 줄일 수 있고 (주)애그로액티브와 공동 개발한 완효성비료를 이용하면 별도의 양분관리 없이 채소를 생산할 수 있다. 한편, 물이 바닥으로 흘러 나오지 않기 때문에 실내에서 사용도 가능하다. 한편, 가을의 베란다 환경을 조사한 결과 온 습도 환경은 채소 재배에 적절하였으나 광환경은 최고 광량이 남향 베란다에서는 온실의 48%, 남동향 베란다에서는 35%에 불과하여 생육에 가장 큰 제한요인으로 나타났다. 따라서 베란다의 약광 조건에서도 생육이 우수한 작물을 선발하고자 0%, 50%, 70%, 90% 차광조건에서 로메인상추, 청치마상추, 생채, 엔다이브, 청경채, 겨자채, 쑥갓, 적근대, 부추 등 9종의 엽채류를 재배하였다. 부추가 광이 부족한 환경에서도 가장 생육이 우수하였고 엔다이브도 약광에서 생육이 좋았으며 상추, 쑥갓, 청경채가 뒤를 이었다. 이 연구결과를 토대로 각 베란다의 방향이나 위치, 계절에 따라 달라지는 광환경에 적합한 채소작물 선발에 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

돌발성 암성 통증은 상대적으로 기저 통증이 규칙적인 진통제 사용으로 잘 조절됨에도 발생하는 일시적인 통증의 악화이다. 돌발성 통증은 암성 통증을 가진 환자에게서 매우 흔하여, 전체적으로 70~90%의 유병률을 보인다. 이는 삶의 질에 부정적인 영향을 끼치는데, 일상 생활 능력의 감소나, 사회적인 관계성 저하를 비롯하여 우울과 불안의 유병률이 높아진다. 게다가 가족과 사회, 건강 보험 재정에도 큰 부담을 준다. 돌발성 통증은 병태학적 기전에 따라 특발성(또는 자발성) 통증과 사건 통증으로 나눌 수가 있다. 각각의 돌발성 통증 삽화는 전형적인 특징을 보이는데 5~10분 이내에 통증이 최대가 되며, 심한 통증 강도, 30-60분 이내에 소실되는 짧은 지속시간 등이 있다. 그러나 지속시간과 통증의 강도에는 환자마다, 같은 환자라도 다소 차이가 있을 수 있다. 그러므로 매 통증마다 철저한 평가가 필요하고, 치료 계획은 최적의 치료를 위해 개별화가 되야 한다. 옥시코돈, 모르핀, 하이드로모르폰과 같은 여러 속효성 경구 제제들이 상대적으로 느린 진통 효과에도 불구하고 널리 사용되어 왔다. 점막 흡수형 펜타닐 제제는 경구 마약성 진통제의 이런 한계를 극복하기 위해 개발되었다. 여러 연구에서도 점막 흡수형 펜타닐 제제가 돌발성 통증 조절에 좀 더 빠른 효과를 보이는 것으로 보고하고 있다. 저자들은 각각의 환자와 통증삽화에 따른 좀 더 효율적인 진통제를 사용함으로 돌발성 통증 조절이 개선되기를 기대한다. 그리고 한국인들을 대상으로 각각의 마약성 진통제의 효과와 비용 대비 효율성을 평가하는 추가 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각한다.