• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2015

Pennisetum aloperculoides is a key revegetation species mixed with other plants species and used for revegetating cut-slopes. The purpose of this research is to identify the effects of mixed seeding of revegetation plants on cut-slope revegetation with respect to the quantity of Pennisetum aloperculoides seeds. The coverage ratio and appearance frequency of Pennisetum aloperculoides, and other revegetation species were measured to assess the cut-slope revegetation. We divided Pennisetum treatments into four groups with different Pennisetum seed quantities of $0g/m^2$, $5g/m^2$, $10g/m^2$, and $15g/m^2$. For each treatment group, we mixed identical quantities of seeds from herbaceous flowers (bird's-boot trefoil, aster, chrysanthemums, golden coreopsis and china pink), cool-season turfgrasses, and woody plants (korean lespedeza, indigo and silk tree). The increase in the quantity of the Pennisetum seeds resulted in the higher coverage ratio for Pennisetum, but in the lower coverage ratio for herbaceous flowers, cool-season turfgrasses, and woody plants. We observed a short-term succession process in which the dominant species shifted in the following order: the initial species Pennisetum, herbaceous flowers, and then lastly woody plants. In case of the appearance frequency, we also observed the higher appearance frequency for Pennisetum and the lower appearance frequency for the other plants due to the increase in the quantity of Pennisetum seeds. Pennisetum, bird's-foot trefoil and china pink showed the tendency to decrease the appearance frequency from one month after seeding while cool-season turfgrasses became extinct due to summer drought. In the woody plants, the appearance frequencies of korean lespedeza and indigo were high due to the decrease in quantity of Pennisetum seeds. The silk trees were damaged from winter frost and none emerged at all in 2013 (the following year after the seeding). Korean lespedeza and indigo appeared to have the short-term rapid dominance over other treated revegetation plants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.32-37
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• 1999

There is a need to suggest the standards of selection on the cuttings, because the selection of the willow(Salix) cuttings is very important, which will be used as the bioengineering revegetation material to protect the slope by strengthening soil and preventing soil erosion under the bad site conditions. In this study, we measured the lengths and the diameters of original willow cuttings, the total numbers and the lengths of the new shoots and roots after 15 months since the experimental construction of the slope revegetation technology of biological engineering was conducted, and analyzed the correlation between the lengths and the diameters of willow cuttings and the lengths of new roots using the SPSS program. The results are as follows; First, the lower the elevation of tested slope was, the more the number of new shoots and the average lengths of new roots increased. Secondly, the ratio of underground parts and aboveground parts was 4.24 ~ 5.93 proving the fact that the willow(Salix) is one of the species deep rooted with developed underground parts. Thirdly, there is a strong correlation between the diameters of willow cuttings and the total lengths of new roots, whereas, there is no correlation between the lengths of willow cuttings and the total lengths of new roots. In conclusion, it is more efficient for the early rapid revegetation and slope stabilization to select willow cuttings with the biggest possible diameters than with the longest lengths as the slope revegetation materials of biological engineering.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.93-102
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• 2010

Greening sometimes fails because its method is not suitable for various site conditions, therefore the trend of selecting a revegetation method in Korea today is through test construction. However, due to enlargement, complication and diversification of domestic construction businesses, the importance of VE is gradually increasing as effective efforts over a whole life-cycle to obtain goals such as quality improvement and cost reduction, and not only quality and economic efficiency but also substantiality need to be considered in comparing revegetation methods. For this study, Sungnam~Janghowon (area1), where comparatively various slope revegetation methods are used, was selected the investigation site. The site was divided into three areas:blasting rock, ripping rock and earth sand. The revegetation methods used were six in the blasting rock area, five in the ripping rock area, and two in the earth sand region. 2007 monitoring data was analyzed, and Value (V) was calculated with LCC related ratio, and compared and contrasted with the evaluation of prior revegetation methods. Therefore it is believed that this analysis enables selection of the most appropriate method, unbiased towards one particular characteristic such as quality, vegetation growth and economy. When aiming for a durable effect, it shall be more efficient to select the most appropriate method focusing on LCC analysis, which deals with the economic aspect, as well as the design function aspect.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration methods of the decomposed granite cut-slope by organic soil amendment materials. Field test carried out for the cut-slope with organic soil amendment materials method and other three revegetation methods in Cheongwon. Test revegetation plants were Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, and Arundinella hirta. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The soil hardness, the soil acidity, and the soil humidity of organic soil amendment materials method were at a suitable value for plants growth. And it was better as compared with other three revegetation methods of cutting-rock slopes. 2. The result of toxic substance investigation, all items were at a suitable for standard law. 3. During one year after seeding, most plants germinated and especially Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata grows well. Seedling numbers were 336.7 per $m^2$(after 6 months), 183.3 per $m^2$(after 10 months), and 353.3 per $m^2$(after 6 months). Ten months later after seeding, plants showed 80% ground coverage. Visual rate, plant height, and growth rate were excellence, Also, high plant growth in spring better than autumn.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.173-185
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• 1995

Hydroseeding technique is a very popular method of revegetating slope areas through the control of soil erosion and stability by seeding grasses. This study was conducted to select turfgrass species and cultivars for hydroseeding. Experiment plots were established on various soil types and environmental conditions at Singar-Ansan high-way construction site. The investigation was designed in three cutting, one back-filling and other three spare sites with various seed mixtures. Results indicated that combinations of seed mixtures influenced seed germination and rates of surface cover. In a view of long term, vegetation shifts should be influenced by characters of slopes and micro-climate conditions. Hydroseeding did not show good results on rocky slope areas. Revegetation was only going on where there had soil. The combination of seed mixture with a higher rate of perennial ryegrass had relatively good revegetation with faster germination and seedling growth. Improved turf-type tall fescue Arid ⓡ and Falcon ⓡ seemed to have good environ-mental adaptation and drought tolerance. Wild or old type cultivars showed relatively slow green-up in spring and growth rates at the next year of seeding. For the harmonious landscaping with surrounding area, the combination of native grass mixture with cool-season grasses had good results. Slow and low revegetation rate at hack-filling site seemed to be caused by the poor development of capillary tubes in sub-soil. It was shown that a high correlation between seed germination and revegetation rate, and between three-month later coverage rate and final rate. The evaluation of coverage rate after three month seems to he acceptable to decide the accomplishment of hydroseeding results on rode side slopes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.47-53
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• 1999

This study was carried out to suggest the slope revegetation technology of biological engineering using the Ligustrum obtusifolium, which is one of the pioneer plant species. Ahead of the experimental construction, we evaluated the L. obtusifolium's value of biological engineering for the slope stabilization by testing the growth rate after the cuttings were buried for 8 weeks('98. 7. ~ '98. 9.). In this test, it was found that the L. obtusifolium, one of the species deep rooted with developed underground parts, is very effective for the slope stabilization and that the rooting powder(Hormex Powder) gave the better effects on root germination. In April of 1999, the experimental construction of biological engineering technology using recycled L. obtusifolium live cuttings(applied growth-stimulating compound) and green bags was conducted at sandy cut-slope in GLEN ROSS G.C.(Yongin). The slope was tolerant of soil erosion despite of heavy rainfall in the rainy season and many plant species invading for five months('99. 4. ~ '99. 9.). The vegetation research was performed through examining the frequency of each block using the transect method. 21 kinds of plant speices appeared in total area($25.5m^2$) and the dominant species are Digitaria sanguinalis, Setaria viridis, Cyperus amuricus, Persicaria blumei, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis. With regard to life forms, therophytes were shown with a dominant distribution of 66.7% of total species and neophytes relatively with a low distribution of 19.0%. Furthermore, it can be estimated that there is no ecological stabilization of this slope with the result of the ruderal species' occupation of 71.4%. It is too early to argue about ecological mechanical advantages and disadvantages of this technology, but, from the result of this study, it is expected that the slope revegetation technology of biological engineering using L. obtusifolium can be effectively applied to sandy slope(not rock or weathered rock slope) and that the early rapid stabilization and favorable succession could be done with the improvement of soil condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 1998

The slope revegetation methods in Korea are generally the hydroseeding mixed with perennial herbs, soil, fibers, and fertilizer in consideration of scenic landscape rather than ecological and engineering effect. But perennial herbs can't protect the slope from deep surface erosion and they are not tall enough to create the original naturalness at the boundary parts of existing woodlands. This study is about the slope revegetation method using nutritional propagation capacity of plants and the experimental construction was carried out on the cut-slope of Yongin Hoam C.C. We dug several trenches to a depth of 80cm and at intervals of 150cm from each other. After placing various kinds of live branches(Salix species) into the trench, we backfilled with the excavated soils and finally sprayed water mixed with soil-stabilizer, fertilizer. As six months passed, we made a vegetation research and check the slope surface erosion. Vegetation research was performed in examining the frequency of each block using transect method. 31 kinds of plant species appeared in total area($113.6m^2$) and the dominant species are Setaria viridis, Artemisia rubripes, Persicaria pubescens, Plantago asiatica, Cyperus amuricus, Commelina communis. Among the examined blocks, '아', the top part of the slope, showed the ratio of 1.4 as the highest Alpha-diversity. With regard to life form, therophytes were shown dominant distribution of 58% of total species and neophytes relatively low distribution of 16%. It can be estimated that there is no ecological stabilization of this slope, because of ruderal species' occupation of 74% in total area. Regarding the slope stabilization, the serious surface erosion didn't take place in spite of heavy rainfall this year, but a little surface erosion took place at the block where no other species coming from outside of the site were found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2023

This study investigated and analyzed the effects of vegetation on the roadside slopes at the expressway construction sites in order to evaluate the vegetation recovery regarding soil type and revegetation technique. We selected two study sites with an area of 1,000 m² located in the construction sites of the Korea Expressway Corporation, named Hwado-Yangpyeong Expressway Section 3 and Saemangeum-Jeonju Expressway Section 7. The revegetation was monitored in three plot groups (earth, soft rock, and hard rock slopes), and scored based on the guideline of the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. The revegatation was generally lower in the Hwado-Yangpyeong site than that of the Saemangeum-Jeonju site. The field monitoring indicated that the revegetation varied with slope aspect and environmental characteristics between plots. the Saemangeum-Jeonju site showed a high overall evaluation score, but there was a slight difference in the score for each plot. This seems to be due to the differences in geographical conditions, construction methods, and site environment between two sites. This study can provide basic information to understand the short-term effects of revegetation techniques in the roadside slopes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.88-93
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• 1999

In modern period, the history of highway landscaping can be divided into three stages. The first stage from the late 1960s to the early 1970s : during this period revegetation operation started and landscape architecture was introduced. The second stage from the late 1970s to the early 1980s : during this period the definition of functional planting which had played the most important role in highway landscaping was established. Also, highway landscaping was influenced by Japan, and the revegetation of highway slopes were applied with Seedspray, Block-sodding methods, and so on. The third stage from late 1980s to the present : during this period eco-landscaping was introduced and began to mix with ecosystem techniques. The revegetation works of cutting-rock slopes have widely been developed. Many people think that landscaping is necessary for us, and that revegetation method is effective to conserve slope environment. Based on accumulated data we have to improve the function of landscaping and revegetation method, and also have to establish the method of landscaping harmonized with our own landscape.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.94-102
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• 1999

The retaining wall is a structure which was made for changing land form in many construction. The first role of the retaining wall is to maintain the slope stability. But recently, the amount of retaining wall have been increasing because of the expansion of construction works and the amenity of urban environment have been decreasing because of environmental destruction and the scenic heterogeneity. So we should consider the slope stability and ecological stability at the same time. The purpose of this study is to develop the retaining wall revegetation technology using the Eco-Stone, the structure of co-satisfying which included the slope stability and the revegetation effect. Eco-Stone is a structure which has high stability for earth pressure, settlement and drainage. And cost and term of construction works also have been decreased. Eco-Stone structure is one of factors composing the ecological network which is harmonize with surrounding environment. In this way, it is expected that the ecological habitats of various species would be restored.