• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.60-69
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• 2012

전주시 건지산 UD 숲길은 2008년 한국토지공사 초록사회 만들기 공모사업의 일환으로 전북생명의 숲이 주관하여 설계 및 시공이 추진되었다. 이 연구는 이용자 만족도, 이용자 수 조사의 이용후 평가를 통해 UD 숲길 설계의 적정성을 평가하는데 목적이 있다. 연구결과, 건지산 UD 숲길의 주이용자는 60대 이상의 지역주민이 전체이용자의 37%를 차지하며, 이용목적은 산책과 휴식 51.5%, 운동 및 재활치료 40.6%로 나타났다. UD 숲길 만족도는 5점 리커트 척도에서 3.91로 나타났고, 전체 만족도에 영향을 미치는 주요 요소는 관리, 이용충돌, 폭과 경사에 대한 만족도 순서로 나타났다. 이용자수 조사에서 교통약자는 UD 숲길 45명, 기존 숲길 6명으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 통해 건지산 UD 숲길은 교통약자의 이용을 유도하고, 일반인과 교류할 수 있는 기회를 제공하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 UD 숲길 주변의 높은 경관만족도는 기존지형과 수목을 가능한 보존하고, 목재 데크를 설치함으로써 기존 자연경관이 잘 유지된 점을 나타냈다. 건지산 UD 숲길의 이용후 평가는 도시숲길 조성시 장애인, 노인, 약자, 임산부, 어린이 등 다양한 신체조건의 이용자들이 안전하고 편리하게 이용할 수 있도록 유니버설 디자인 개념의 도입 필요성을 나타내주고 있다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.185-185
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• 2011

Mapping of artificial levee lines, one of major tasks in river zone mapping, is critical to prevention of river flood, protection of environments and eco systems in river zones. Thus, mapping of artificial levee lines is essential for management and development of river zones. Coastal mapping including river zone mapping has been historically carried out using surveying technologies. Photogrammetry, one of the surveying technologies, is recently used technology for national river zone mapping in Korea. Airborne laser scanning has been used in most advanced countries for coastal mapping due to its ability to penetrate shallow water and its high vertical accuracy. Due to these advantages, use of LiDAR data in coastal mapping is efficient for monitoring and predicting significant topographic change in river zones. This paper introduces a method for construction of a 3D artificial levee line using a set of LiDAR points that uses normal vectors. Multiple steps are involved in this method. First, a 2.5-dimensional Delaunay triangle mesh is generated based on three nearest-neighbor points in the LiDAR data. Second, a median filtering is applied to minimize noise. Third, edge selection algorithms are applied to extract break edges from a Delaunay triangle mesh using two normal vectors. In this research, two methods for edge selection algorithms using hypothesis testing are used to extract break edges. Fourth, intersection edges which are extracted using both methods at the same range are selected as the intersection edge group. Fifth, among intersection edge group, some linear feature edges which are not suitable to compose a levee line are removed as much as possible considering vertical distance, slope and connectivity of an edge. Sixth, with all line segments which are suitable to constitute a levee line, one river levee line segment is connected to another river levee line segment with the end points of both river levee line segments located nearest horizontally and vertically to each other. After linkage of all the river levee line segments, the initial river levee line is generated. Since the initial river levee line consists of the LiDAR points, the pattern of the initial river levee line is being zigzag along the river levee. Thus, for the last step, a algorithm for smoothing the initial river levee line is applied to fit the initial river levee line into the reference line, and the final 3D river levee line is constructed. After the algorithm is completed, the proposed algorithm is applied to construct the 3D river levee line in Zng-San levee nearby Ham-Ahn Bo in Nak-Dong river. Statistical results show that the constructed river levee line generated using a proposed method has high accuracy in comparison to the ground truth. This paper shows that use of LiDAR data for construction of the 3D river levee line for river zone mapping is useful and efficient; and, as a result, it can be replaced with ground surveying method for construction of the 3D river levee line.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.304-314
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• 2015

본 연구는 해수면 상승 취약성 지수 개발을 통한 국가차원의 효율적인 대응을 위하여 기존 연안 취약성 지수 현황을 조사하고, 우리나라 동해안 적용을 통하여 미래 취약성을 평가하였다. 본 연구에서 조사한 취약성 지수는 미국지질조사국(USGS) 지수, 해수면 상승 지수, 복합 취약성 지수, 다중스케일 취약성 지수를 포함하며, 이 중국가정책 차원의 활용도와 가용 자료를 고려하여 연안 외력(해수면 상승, 파랑, 조석)과 해안의 적응 능력(지형, 침식률, 경사도)의 함수로 취약성을 나타내는 USGS 지수를 선정 평가하였다. 현재 동해안의 취약성 지수는 1.826~22.361(평균 7.085)이였으며, 1 m 해수면 상승 시 2.887~30.619(평균 12.361)로 증가하였다. 매우 높은(VERY HIGH) 취약도를 나타내는 해안은 현재 8.57%에서, 1 m 해수면 상승 시 35.56%로 증가하였다. 취약도 변화는 지자체에 따라 다르게 나타났으며, 강릉시, 양양군, 고성군에서 높게 나타났다. 이들 위험 지역의 토지이용은 농지, 주거지, 도로 등의 인간시스템과 사빈, 습지, 산림 등의 자연시스템 공히 많은 분포를 나타내어, 기후변화 시대의 해안토지이용의 변화를 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 취약성 지수의 정책적 활용 및 특정 취약 해안 적응을 위하여 취약성 지수에 의한 스크리닝, 영향 모델에 의한 취약지 영향평가 및 이들 평가에 기초한 확률적 리스크 정량화 등 3단계 취약성 평가 체계를 제안하였다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 한국의 동부지역(강원도, 경상남도, 경상북도)의 밭에서 발생하는 잡초의 분포현황 및 생태적 특성을 파악하였다. 조사결과 밭내부(IDF), 밭둑(EDF), 경사면(LS)에서 46과 117속 127종 1아종 22변종이 포함된 150분류군이 조사되었고 밭내부에서 83분류군이, 밭둑에서 133분류군이, 경사면에서 105분류군이 확인되었다. 우점종을 나타내는 상대기여도(rNCD)는 밭내부에서는 쇠비름, 밭둑에서는 바랭이, 경사지에서는 환삼덩굴이 가장 높게 나타났다. 과별로는 국화과, 벼과, 마디풀과, 콩과의 출현빈도가 높았다. 생활형은 Th-R5-D4-e로 특징지어졌으며 세부 서식처도 동일한 양상을 나타내었다. 교란지수는 작물을 직접적으로 재배하는 밭내부가 83.1%로 가장 높았고 다음으로 밭둑 68.4%, 경사면 62.9% 순이었고 귀화율도 밭내부가 28.9%, 밭둑이 22.6%, 경사면 20.0%로 조사되었다. 밭에서 서식처의 안정성은 밭잡초의 교란지수, 귀화율, 제초관리, 토지이용 강도나 인위적 간섭에 의해 영향을 받는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.83-94
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• 2016

하도지형, 하상재료 및 수리의 특성은 치수 및 환경적 측면에서 하천의 계획, 설계 및 유지관리를 위한 기초정보이며, 이러한 정보를 안정하도 설계에 활용하는 것은 아주 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 남강댐 상류 구간에 대하여 지배유량을 산정하고, 지배유량 유하시의 하도지형 및 수리 특성을 분석하였다. 또한, 화상처리기법으로 하상재료분포 특성을 분석하였고, 하상재료와 흐름저항의 상호관계를 평가하였다. 대상구간의 지배유량은 1.5년 빈도의 유량으로 산정되었고, 하천유형은 세그먼트 1과 세그먼트 2 구간으로 분류되었다. 또한 여울-소의 출현 빈도는 4.4로 나타났는데, 이는 연구 대상구간에는 하천횡단구조물이 없는 자연하천의 특성을 가지고 있기 때문이다. 지배유량 유하시 하상재료에 의한 흐름저항을 산정하기 위하여 수심-대표입경 비($h/d_{50}$)와 평균유속-마찰력 비($V/u_*$)의 관계를 분석한 결과, 자갈-호박돌-전석이 지배적인 하상재료인 구간에서는 Julien 공식이 적합한 것으로 평가되었으며, 자갈, 호박돌 및 전석이 지배적인 하천구간에서 면격자를 이용한 화상처리기법은 향후 하상재료 분석 시 쉽게 활용할 수 있는 방법임을 확인하였다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제62권5호
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• pp.93-103
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• 2020

In this study, we estimated soil moisture values using the Deep Neural Network(DNN) scheme at the mountainous regions. In order to test the sensitive analysis of DNN scheme, we collected the measured(at the soil depths of 10 cm and 30 cm) soil moisture and DNN input(weather and land surface) data at the Pyeongchang-gun(relatively flat) and Geochang-gun(steep slope) sites. Our findings indicated that the soil moisture estimates were sensitive to the weather variables(5 days-averaged rainfall, 5 days precedent rainfall, accumlated rainfall) and DEM. These findings showed that the DEM and weather variables play the key role in the processes of soil water flow at the mountainous regions. We estimated the soil moisture values at the soil depths of 10 cm and 30 cm using DNN at two study sites under different climate-landsurface conditions. The estimated soil moisture(R: 0.890 and RMSE: 0.041) values at the soil depth of 10 cm were comparable with the measured data in Pyeongchang-gun site while the soil moisture estimates(R: 0.843 and RMSE: 0.048) at the soil depth of 30 cm were relatively biased. The DNN-based soil moisture values(R: 0.997/0.995 and RMSE: 0.014/0.006) at the soil depth of 10 cm/30 cm matched well with the measured data in Geochang-gun site. Although uncertainties exist in the results, our findings indicated that the DNN-based soil moisture estimation scheme demonstrated the good performance in estimating soil moisture values using weather and land surface information at the monitoring sites. Our proposed scheme can be useful for efficient land surface management in various areas such as agriculture, forest hydrology, etc.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.187-198
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to analyze the flora and forest vegetation of trails with high visitor density at Molundae. Nine quadrats of $20{\times}20m$ were selected for the survey. The survey was conducted from April to October 2010. The obtained results are summarized as follows. Plot1, plot2, plot3, plot4, plot6, and plot7 were located at slopes of $5{\sim}20^{\circ}$, 17~40m above sea level, and were formed with the colony of Japanese black pine(Pinus thunbergii Parl) and Japanese black pine(Pinus thunbergii Parl)-white oak(Quercus aliena Blume). Tree layer had the height of 8~20m, and the coverage of 50~70%, while subtree layer had the height of 3-8m, and the coverage 30~80%. On the other hand, shrub layer had the height of 2~4m, and the coverage of 10~30%, and herb had the height of 0.2~1m and coverage 5~20%. Plot5, plot8, and plot9 were located at the summit areas of 57~78m above sea level, and $0^{\circ}$ slope. Japanese black pine(Pinus thunbergii Parl) formed a community there. Tree layer was 8~20m high, and covered 60~70%, of the area, and subtree layer was 6~8m high, and coverage 30~40%. Shrub layer had the height of 2~6m, and the coverage of 30%, while herb layer had the height 0.2~2m, and the coverage 20-80%. Succession does not occur in the surveyed areas which have high visitor density. Artificially planted sawtooth oak(Quercus acutissima) trees were found to disturb succession and formation of multi-layer vegetation, resulting in the ecologically unstable forest. Therefore, the researcher suggested the strategy of managing the vegetation in the conclusion. This study has the limit in that the plots selected for the survey reflected only part of various trails in the Molundae area. It is necessary to suggest the vegetation management plans by selecting more diverse trail areas in consideration of the visitor density and behaviors, and analyzing the changes in vegetation quantitatively in order to manage the vegetation in urban areas damaged by visitors more effectively.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.94-106
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• 2008

As populations inhabiting in natural ecosystem are fragmented by artificial barriers and habitats are destructed by development, extinction possibility of species is getting higher. It is necessary to design and to manage conservation areas and corridors considering animals' movement and migration for sustainable species diversity in present circumstances. 'Least-cost modeling' is one commonly employed approach in which dispersal costs are assigned to distinct habitat types and the last-costly dispersal paths among habitat patches are calculated using a geographical information system (GIS). This study aims to design ecological corridor using least-cost path method and to apply it to a regional ecological network considering movability of medium-large size mammals. This study was carried out over the metropolitan area, which has been deforested by rapid urbanization. Nevertheless there is connected with Gangwon province, Baekdudaegan mountain range and DMZ, considered where many forest species can migrate to this region. This study employs such an approach to develop least-cost path models for medium-large size mammals, have inhabited for this entire region. Considering those species, two forest areas as a source of species supply and forest areas more than 1,000ha are selected as focal forest areas. Movement and migration paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas are calculated by applying landscape permeability theory using land cover map, road density map and land slope map. Results showed least-cost paths from species supply sources to focal forest areas on two species. Wildcat and roe deer are different in some least-cost paths caused by their landscape permeability but paths show generally same specifics. The result of considering regional distribution of expected movement and migration paths to regional ecological network, low altitude mountains of western metropolitan area are evaluated important area for species connectivity. In national or regional levels ecological connectivity is essential to promote species diversity and to preserve integrated ecosystem. This study concludes that developing least-cost models from similar empirical data could significantly improve the utility of these tools.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

A variety of revegetation methods are being utilized and developed. However, most of revegetation methods used on highway slopes in Korea are based on foreign-introduced plant varieties to stabilize road surfaces and to administer afforestation for surface covering at an earlier phase. Therefore. it results in various problems. such as failure to achieve harmony with the surrounding vegetation and 10 cause re-denudation of slopes as the foreign-in introduced plant varieties wane out from 2~3 years after hydro-seeding, etc. In addition, some of the revegetation plants seeded in the earlier phase grow excessively high, thus causes successional problems, such as to inhibit the invasion of the secondary vegetation from the surrounding areas, etc. Therefore, in this study, 160 slopes located in the nationwide express highways have been investigated and analyzed in order to produce basic data for restoration of ecological environment in slopes created on a long-term basis by investigating and analyzing locational characteristics of cut and filled slopes in express highways, status of revegetation methods, characteristics of soil and plant-ecological environment. 1. Investigation on cut and embanked slopes in express highways was carried out in the total of 160 locations, which include 108 cut slopes and 52 embanked slopes. As a whole, the most frequently used revegetation method was seed spray, which was found to be used in the total of 55 target slops investigated. 2. Planting method of Wistaria floribunda applied to some of the blasted rock zones was found to cause damages as Wistaria floribunda trailed up the surrounding vegetation and the secondary invaded trees. In order to prevent this, this method must be used only in the lowest parts of large-sized slopes. Also, it will be required to administer continuous management and maintenance in the areas already planted with this plants. 3. The areas of blasted rock and ripping rock slopes were applied with coir net (net + seeding) method. However, many of these areas failed in achieving ground covering. Most areas where revegetation was in progress, they were covered with Eragrostis curvula(Weeping lovegrass) only. In areas with soil, such as decomposition of granite, where afforestation is difficult. In this slopes, soil base must be improved by hrdroseeding with thin-layer vegetation base application methods in order to achieve success in afforestation with native plants. 4. Woody species, rather than herb species, are more helpful in stabilization of slope surfaces. Therefore, it is important to be able to grow and protect woody species on highway slopes. Growth of woody vegetation is most largely influenced by soil depth. Thus, when hydro-seeding woody plants, it is recommended to apply at the upper layer of the slopes, which is capable to sufficiently provide the fundamentals required in plant growth.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.344-354
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• 2007

본 연구는 한강하구역에 위치한 33개 표준유역을 대상으로 1910년대, 1970년대, 2000년대 지형도를 이용하여 하구습지를 추출하여 공간적 분포특성과 시기별 변동추이를 분석한 것이다. 또한 하계밀도, 유역의 위치 및 크기, 경사도, 평균표고 등 유역특성이 하구습지 분포와 어떤 관계를 갖고 있는지 살펴보고, 개발사업 등 인위적 교란이 하구습지 훼손에 미치는 영향을 파악하였다. 지형도 분석결과, 하구습지는 1910년대부터 1970년대까지 완만하게 감소하였으며, 수도권이 팽창하기 시작한 1970년대 이후 한강하구의 습지는 급속하게 훼손되었다. 표준유역의 위치에 따라 하구습지를 구성하는 퇴적물 구성비율도 다르게 나타났는데, 해안에 인접한 유역에서는 갯벌(펄)의 구성비율이 높고 한강본류 및 지류에 인접한 유역에서는 사구나 습지(식생군락)가 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 유역면적이 넓고 경사가 급하며 평균표고가 낮은 지역에서 하구습지는 광범위하게 분포하였다. 1970년대 이후 하구습지는 인위적 교란이 높은 한강서울, 한강서해, 한강고양 권역에서 크게 훼손된 반면 군사적 이유로 민간인의 출입이 제한된 임진강하류 및 한강하류 권역에서는 감소폭이 낮았다. 특히 지난 30여년 동안 인구증가율이 높으며 인공적인 토지피복 구성비율이 높아진 유역에서 하구습지의 훼손이 높게 나타났다.