• 교육시설
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.21-32
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to examine the improvement of the slipperiness of building floors and to test the safety in accidental collision in the primary schools. To perform this purpose effectively, the actual 20,202 cases of accident on the year 2000-2009 which had been dealt by Seoul School Safety and Insurance Association were analysed in several aspects. And to test the current slipperiness and hardness of building floors, 3 primary schools whose construction year differed were examined. This study found that among the indoor accidents of 2,646 cases on the year 2000-2002, 70.7% accidents of them were caused by slipperiness. It was also found that the building floors of the primary schools could not be safe from the result of examining the slipperiness and hardness of the building floors. As the result of this study, it showed that the desirable efficient criterion of slipperiness would be more than C.S.R 0.4, and that of safety in accidental collision would be less than Gs 100G for the safety of primary school students.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2018

Background: This research investigates the degrees of slipperiness felt by the participants who walk on contaminants applied to a floor surface to decide degrees of slipperiness for various contaminants. Methods: For the experiment, 30 participants walked on a floor to which six contaminants were applied. All participants took the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based slipperiness questionnaire survey for the six kinds of contaminants, and the results were compared with the coefficient of friction. Results: The results of slip risk from the AHP indicate that grease is the most slippery of the six contaminants, followed by diesel engine oil, hydraulic oil, cooking oil, water-soluble cutting oil, and water in a decreasing order of slipperiness. When the results of slip risk from the AHP are compared with the static coefficient of friction for each contaminant, the order of slip risk follows the same trend. Although the results of slip risk from the AHP coincide with the static coefficient of friction, further study would be needed to investigate this relationship. Conclusion: This study will contribute as reference material for future research on preventing industrial accidents that result in falls from high places due to slipping.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2001

To simulate an actual slip to measure floor slipperiness, slip resistance testers simulate slip in only forward direction because forward slip in the landing phase was found to be the most important factor for loss of balance. Backward slip in the take off phase was possible but was excluded in the friction test protocol because it was not dangerous. However, backward slip was tested in the friction test protocol without any theoretical background of the significance in generating dangerous slips and falls and was proven to be as good as forward slip in measuring floor slipperiness. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the significance of backward slip in generating dangerous slips and falls with different combinations of floor and shoe sole. The results showed different tendency of backward slip in take off phase being significant in generating dangerous slips and falls because backward slip in the takeoff phase affected gait pattern disturbances seriously. resulted in dangerous falls. Fast toe velocity increased the severity of backward slip and confirmed the significance of backward slip in generating dangerous slips and falls. As a result, this study recommends the utilization of backward slip in the measurement of floor slipperiness.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.337-349
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• 1996

A study was conducted to find the possible relationship between slip distance and dynamic coefficient of friction (DCOF) through the biomechanical study of slips and falls using a broader variety of floors and levels of slipperiness than those used before. Four different floor surfaces covering the full range of floor slipperiness (with and without on oil contaminant) were prepared for ten subjects with each walking at a fixed velocity. The results showed that slip distance and heel velocity had a decreasing trend while stride length had a increasing trend as DCOF increased. The contaminant effect overpowered floor slipperiness effect because a higher DCOF surface with oil contaminant created longer slip distance than the lower DCOF with dry floor. Normal gait pattern and suggested heel velocity (10 to 20 cm/sec) were seen on dry floors but abnormally longer stride length and 5 to 10 times faster heel velocity were found an oily floors. In other words, faster heel velocity (greater than 10 to 20 cm/sec) is recommended to measure DCOF on oily floors because the assumption of normal gait was no longer valid.

• 대한산업공학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.197-202
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• 2001

The biomechanical analysis of the load carrying effect on different floor surfaces has been conducted. Four different floor surfaces were prepared for ten subjects with each walking at a fixed velocity(1.33 m/sec) while carrying five different loads. The results showed that because of the significant interaction effect between floor slipperiness and the load carrying task, the load carrying effect should be analyzed according to different levels of the floor slipperiness, especially contaminant floors. On oily surfaces, slip distance(SD) and heel velocity (HV) increased whereas stride length(SL) decreased as load increased. In other words, significantly longer SD, faster HV, and no normal gait were found as load increased. As a result, a different protocol should be applied to measure floor slipperiness on oily floors as compared to dry surfaces for tribological approach.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2015

바닥의 미끄럼 저항은 보행자 안전을 위해 반드시 필요한 성능이다. 본 연구는 실제 인간의 미끄럼과 잘 대응하는 미끄럼 시험장치를 개발하기 위한 기초적 연구로서, 지면 마찰력(RCOF)과 표면 거칠기(Rz) 및 3가지 미끄럼 저항계수(C.S.R, BPN, SCOF) 간의 상관성을 분석하였다. 보행 속도가 증가할수록 보간 거리, 보폭, 분당 보행 수 모두 증가하며, 보행 속도와 RCOF 간에는 유의한 상관성이 있었다. 그러나 RCOF와 각 미끄럼 저항계수 간에는 상관성이 거의 없기 때문에 RCOF만으로는 바닥의 미끄럼 저항 특성을 파악하기 힘들다.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2014

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the safe criteria of portable slipmeter using human perception onto the several different floor surfaces under contaminated conditions. It was difficult to find why many different slipmeters took there's own safe criteria. It is still unclear how thres hold values established in many literatures. Two different subjective slippery evaluating methods, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) and Friedman test,were used to evaluate the perception of slipperiness of seven different floor surfaces under the contaminated condition with detergent solution. Twelve subjects worn same footwear and walked with self-selected step and cadence along the test floors. The SCOF(Static Coefficient of Friction) obtained for same test conditions with BOT-3000 was compared to perception of slipperiness to establish as a safe criteria. The very high significant correlation(r=0.97) was found between AHP and Friedman test. Also, The high significant correlation(r=0.96) was found between AHP and SCOF obtained with BOT-3000. The results suggested that the SCOF should be greater than 0.63 for safer walking. Perception rating obtained with AHP showed a high correlation with Friedman test and the SCOF obtained with BOT-3000 except for polished tile floor. The safe criteria obtained through this study were similar to ANSI/NFSIB101.1.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2013년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.59-61
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to present the necessary data concerning the selection and development of floor-coverings in view of slipperiness by comparing the relationship between CSR measured with O-Y·PSM and RCOF calculated from the result of gait analysis. CSR was calculated from maximum tensile load(Pmax) divided by perpendicular load(785N) when pulled 18 degrees upward the moment the bottom of the slip piece contacted the surface of the test piece. RCOF was calculated based on Fy/Fz from when horizontal load reached the maximum point within the sections from the moment the front of outsole touched the test piece to when pulled off the test piece. The results from the research were as follows: (1) Range of CSR was 0.15-1.02, which meant the differences of slipperiness of the test pieces definitely showed up. (2) RCOF are inadequate to express the characteristic about the slipperiness of the floors, since there were no differences between the test pieces.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2009

이 연구의 목적은 신체적 약자와 건강한 사람의 경사로 바닥에 대한 미끄럼 평가척도의 변동 경향을 비교 분석하는 것이다. 이 연구를 통해서 반신마비 장애인과 건강한 사람에 대한 중심동요 비교 실험을 통하여 신체적 약자의 중심동요 특성을 항상 재현하는 장애 고령화 체험장비가 개발하였다. 그리고 신체적 약자(건강한 사람이 장애 고령화 체험장비 착용)와 건강한 사람을 대상으로 한 관능검사결과로부터 수평바닥 및 경사로 바닥에 대한 미끄럼 평가척도를 구성하였다. 미끄럼 평가척도와 미끄럼저항계수(C.S.R')의 관계를 분석한 결과로부터 경사로의 기울기나 미끄럼저항 차이에 따른 미끄럼 평가척도의 변동 경향은 남성과 여성이 서로 유사하다는 사실을 명확히 규명하였다. 경사로 바닥에 대한 미끄럼의 평가는 건강한 사람은 C.S.R'가 0.30 이상이면 안전하다고 평가하지만, 신체적 약자는 C.S.R'가 $0.45{\sim}0.50$ 이상인 경우에도 위험하다고 평가하였다. 이러한 평가의 차이는 주로 건강한 사람과 신체적 약자의 보행 메커니즘이 다르기 때문인 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.246-254
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 폐폴리올레핀 폼을 완충재로 이용한 어린이 놀이터 바닥의 안전성을 알아보기 위하여 한계하강높이, 보행적합성 및 장기피로예측, 미끄럼저항성에 대하여 시험하고 평가하였다. 시험체는 두께 30mm, 50mm, 70mm의 폐폴리올레핀 폼에 각각 탄성 포장재를 12mm, 15mm 두께로 포설한 6종류로 하였다. 한계하강높이 시험은 KS G 5758:2009에 의거하여 실시하였다. 보행적합성 및 장기피로예측 시험에는 바닥 경도 시험장치(O-Y HMA)를 이용하였으며, 미끄럼저항성 시험에는 휴대형 미끄럼 시험기(ONO PPSM)을 이용하였다. 시험결과, 폐폴리올레핀 폼과 탄성 포장재로 구성된 바닥은 충격저감성 관점에서 상당히 안전한 것으로 나타났다. 바닥의 경도는 남성에게는 보행감이나 피로 측면에서 우수한 성능을 발휘하지만, 여성에게는 구두(미들 힐)를 신고 보행하기에 적합하지 않고 오래 사용할 경우 쉽게 피로감을 느낄 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 미끄럼저항성은 표면에 물기 등의 이물질이 있더라도 일상적인 동작에 대해서는 비교적 안전한 것으로 나타났다.