• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 세장한 부재가 압축력을 받을 경우 발생하는 횡좌굴에 의한 내력의 저하를 방지하기 위해, 좌굴 전에 항복을 유도하는 응력제한장치의 개발에 관한 것으로서, 기존의 면외저항방식 및 슬롯방식과는 상이한 단면절삭방식을 제안하고 그 유효성을 실험적, 해석적으로 규명하고 있다. 단면절삭방식은 단면의 절삭범위에 따라 역학적 특성 및 구조적 성능이 상이한 것으로서, 연구의 대상은 절삭의 폭 및 절삭개수를 주 대상으로 하고 있다. 연구결과, 단면 깊이가 같은 경우 단면 절삭폭의 영향은 나타나지 않았으며, 단면 절삭폭을 좁게, 절삭개수가 많을수록 소성영역에서 좀 더 안정적인 거동을 나타내었다. 따라서, 단면절삭을 이용한 응력제한 장치는 항복 후 안정된 이력거동을 나타내고 있어 응력제한 장치로서 그 유효성이 확인되었으며, 향후 실 구조물에의 적용이 가능하리라 판단된다.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.185-194
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 각형강관 기둥의 유한요소 해석결과를 소개하고 있다. 실험체 개수는 총 6개이며, 각형강관에 대해서는 비조밀 단면 단주, 세장판 단면 단주, 비조밀 단면 장주로 구성되어 있다. 실험변수는 탄소섬유쉬트 보강겹수이다. AFRP 스트립과 강재사이의 부착거동과 부착응력-슬립관계를 규명하였다. 총 6개의 실험체에 대하여 ANSYS V.14.0을 사용하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였으며, 파괴모드, 하중-변위곡선, 최대내력, 초기강성에 대해 실험결과와 비교하였다. 끝으로, AISC cold-formed steel structures 기준에 근거하여 세장비에 따른 좌굴응력값을 산정하였으며, 각 단면타입에 대한 좌굴응력값 및 보강효과를 비교하였다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.15-33
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• 2012

For an axially loaded box-shaped member, the width-to-thickness ratio of the plate elements preferably should not be greater than 40 for Q235 steel grades in accordance with the Chinese code GB50017-2003. However, in practical engineering the plate width-to-thickness ratio is up to 120, much more than the limiting value. In this paper, a 3D nonlinear finite element model is developed that accounts for both geometrical imperfections and residual stresses and the ultimate capacity of welded built-up box columns, with larger width-to-thickness ratios of 60, 70, 80, and 100, is simulated. At the same time, the interaction buckling strength of these members is determined using the effective width method recommended in the Chinese code GB50018-2002, Eurocode 3 EN1993-1 and American standard ANSI/AISC 360-10 and the direct strength method developed in recent years. The studies show that the finite element model proposed can simulate the behavior of nonlinear buckling of axially loaded box-shaped members very well. The width-to-thickness ratio of the plate elements in welded box section columns can be enlarged up to 100 for Q235 steel grades. Good agreements are observed between the results obtained from the FEM and direct strength method. The modified direct strength method provides a better estimation of the column strength compared to the direct strength method over the full range of plate width-to-thickness ratio. The Chinese code and Eurocode 3 are overly conservative prediction of column capacity while the American standard provides a better prediction and is slightly conservative for b/t = 60. Therefore, it is suggested that the modified direct strength method should be adopted when revising the Chinese code.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2010

비닐하우스 아치구조에 고정햄머 및 이동가속도계 형식을 취한 충격진동실험을 수행하여 획득한 일련의 진동기록으로 부터 고유진동수, 감쇠율 및 모드형태 등과 같은 모달계수를 추출하기 위하여 최신 고급 주파수영역 시스템판별법인 PolyMAX 및 FDD를 적용하였다. 전자는 입력-출력 데이터 모두를 사용하며, 후자는 출력 데이터 만 을 사용한다. 본 연구의 비닐하우스 강재 파이프 아치와 같이 매우 세장한 구조물에 진동계측 등과 같은 비파괴 실험기법을 적용하여 정적좌굴 하중을 결정할 수 있는 지 여부 및 손상을 감지할 수 있는지 등에 대하여 중점적으로 조사하였다. 대체로 추출한 모달계수는 유한요소해석으로부터 획득한 결과와 좋은 일치를 나타냈으며, 지속적으로 수행 할 후속연구에 가능성을 제시하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.387-402
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• 2003

In the past decades, much effort has been made towards the study of single-mode-based vibration controls with dynamic energy absorbers such as single or multiple Tuned Mass Dampers(TMDs). With the increase of bridge span length and the tendency of the bridge cross-section being more slender and streamlined, multi-mode coupled vibrations as well as their controls have become very important for large bridges susceptible to strong winds. As a simple but effective device, the TMD system especially the semi-active one has become a promising option for such coupled vibration controls. However, despite various studies of optimal controls of single-mode-based vibrations with TMDs, research on the corresponding controls of the multi-mode coupled vibrations is very rare so far. For the development of a semi-active control strategy to suppress the multi-mode coupled vibrations, a comprehensive parametric analysis on the optimal variables of this control is substantial. In the present study, a multi-mode control strategy named "three-row" TMD system is discussed and the general numerical equations are developed at first. Then a parametric study on the optimal control variables for the "three-row" TMD system is conducted for a prototype Humen Suspension Bridge, through which some useful information and a better understanding of the optimal control variables to suppress the coupled vibrations are obtained. This information lays a foundation for the design of semi-active control.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.435-449
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• 2020

To effectively extract the vast wind resource, offshore wind turbines are designed with large rotor and slender tower, which makes them vulnerable to external vibration sources such as wind and wave loads. Substantial research efforts have been devoted to mitigate the unwanted vibrations of offshore wind turbines to ensure their serviceability and safety in the normal working condition. However, most previous studies investigated the vibration control of wind turbines in one direction only, i.e., either the out-of-plane or in-plane direction. In reality, wind turbines inevitably vibrate in both directions when they are subjected to the external excitations. The studies on both the in-plane and out-of-plane vibration control of wind turbines are, however, scarce. In the present study, the NREL 5 MW wind turbine is taken as an example, a detailed three-dimensional (3D) Finite Element (FE) model of the wind turbine is developed in ABAQUS. To simultaneously control the in-plane and out-of-plane vibrations induced by the combined wind and wave loads, another carefully designed (i.e., tuned) spring and dashpot are added to the perpendicular direction of each Tuned Mass Damper (TMD) system that is used to control the vibrations of the tower and blades in one particular direction. With this simple modification, a bi-directional TMD system is formed and the vibrations in both the out-of-plane and in-plane directions are simultaneously suppressed. To examine the control effectiveness, the responses of the wind turbine without control, with separate TMD system and the proposed bi-directional TMD system are calculated and compared. Numerical results show that the bi-directional TMD system can simultaneously control the out-of-plane and in-plane vibrations of the wind turbine without changing too much of the conventional design of the control system. The bi-directional control system therefore could be a cost-effective solution to mitigate the bi-directional vibrations of offshore wind turbines.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2011

본 연구는 물윗수염박쥐(Myotis daubentonii ussuriensisi)의 정자 미세구조적 특징을 알아보기 위하여 투과전자현미경(TEM)으로 관찰한 결과는 다음과 같다. 물윗수염박쥐 정자두부의 길이는 $4.5{\mu}m$, 폭은 $2.0{\mu}m$이었으며, 핵은 그 중 $4.3{\mu}m$로 정자두부의 대부분을 차지하고 있었으며, 핵의 후방부에서 전방부쪽으로 갈수록 폭이 가늘어지며 두부의 전체적인 모양은 탄환형(bull-shaped)을 취하고 있었다. 또한, 핵과 첨체는 Apical body에 의해 분리되어져 있었다. 정자경부는 basal plate, capitulum, segmented columns으로 구성되어져 있었다. 12~14개의 가는띠로 구성된 Segmented columns들의 밑부분은 중편부의 외측섬유와 연결되어져 있었다. 중편부의 미토콘드리아 초들은 나선상으로 배열되어져 있었으며, 그 수는 57개이었다. Satellite fibers는 외측섬유들 사이에 불규칙하게 관찰되어 졌으며, 중편부를 제외하고 다른 부분에서는 관찰되지 않았다. 중편부의 외측섬유는 1, 5, 6, 9번이 다른 것보다 크며, 꼬리의 축사구조는 전형적인 9+2구조이었으며, 미부의 미세소관들은 불규칙하게 배열되어져 있었다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.503-526
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• 2016

In-plane and out-of-plane free vibration analysis of Timoshenko curved beams is addressed based on the isogeometric method, and an effective scheme to avoid numerical locking in both of the two patterns is proposed in this paper. The isogeometric computational model takes into account the effects of shear deformation, rotary inertia and axis extensibility of curved beams, and is applicable for uniform circular beams, and more complicated variable curvature and cross-section beams as illustrated by numerical examples. Meanwhile, it is shown that, the $C^{p-1}$-continuous NURBS elements remarkably have higher accuracy than the finite elements with the same number of degrees of freedom. Nevertheless, for in-plane or out-of-plane vibration analysis of Timoshenko curved beams, the NURBS-based isogeometric method also exhibits locking effect to some extent. To eliminate numerical locking, the selective reduced one-point integration and $\bar{B}$ projection element based on stiffness ratio is devised to achieve locking free analysis for in-plane and out-of-plane models, respectively. The suggested integral schemes for moderately slender models obtain accurate results in both dominated and non-dominated regions of locking effect. Moreover, this strategy is effective for beam structures with different slenderness. Finally, the influence factors of structural parameters of curved beams on their natural frequency are scrutinized.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.79-96
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• 2005

The use of high-strength concrete (HSC) has significantly increased over the last decade, especially in offshore structures, long-span bridges, and tall buildings. The behavior of such concrete is noticeably different from that of normal-strength concrete (NSC) due to its different microstructure and mode of failure. In particular, the shear capacity of structural members made of HSC is a concern and must be carefully evaluated. The shear fracture surface in HSC members is usually trans-granular (propagates across coarse aggregates) and is therefore smoother than that in NSC members, which reduces the effect of shear transfer mechanisms through aggregate interlock across cracks, thus reducing the ultimate shear strength. Current code provisions for shear design are mainly based on experimental results obtained on NSC members having compressive strength of up to 50MPa. The validity of such methods to calculate the shear strength of HSC members is still questionable. In this study, a new approach based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) was used to predict the shear capacity of NSC and HSC beams without shear reinforcement. Shear capacities predicted by the ANN model were compared to those of five other methods commonly used in shear investigations: the ACI method, the CSA simplified method, Response 2000, Eurocode-2, and Zsutty's method. A sensitivity analysis was conducted to evaluate the ability of ANNs to capture the effect of main shear design parameters (concrete compressive strength, amount of longitudinal reinforcement, beam size, and shear span to depth ratio) on the shear capacity of reinforced NSC and HSC beams. It was found that the ANN model outperformed all other considered methods, providing more accurate results of shear capacity, and better capturing the effect of basic shear design parameters. Therefore, it offers an efficient alternative to evaluate the shear capacity of NSC and HSC members without stirrups.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.295-300
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• 2011

선박은 상자형태 구조로 구성되어 있으며 선박의 선 수미, 선저만곡부, 갑판 등에 주로 사용하고 있다. 이런 구조는 박판구조이며 1차 지지부재로 사용된다. 평판구조와 비교하였을 때 상이한 거동을 보이며 일반적으로 압축하중을 받을 경우 곡률변화에 따라 다른 좌굴 및 최종 강도 경향을 나타냈다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 압축하중을 받고 있는 보강곡판인 1/2+1+1/2 bay 모델에 대하여 비선형유한요소해석을 수행하였으며 매개변수 영향은 곡률변화뿐만 아니라 세장비, 웨브높이/두께 등을 고려하여 해석모델에 대한 붕괴모드에 대해 검토하였다.