• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 2009

Ventilation requirement of apartment was mandated according to building equipment standards in 2006. When ventilation unit was considering for indoor air quality maintenance, we needed energy saving and efficiency ventilation control methods. This study carried out experiment of ventilation rate 0.7 adequacy. When we lived in apartment, we assumed that sleeping time was long stayed time in unconsciousness. Experiments carried out ventilation rate 0, 0.1, 0.4 and 0.7 in environment chamber from 22 o'clock to 06 o'clock, the concentration of $CO_2$, temperature and humidity rate measured. Analyzing the results, conclusions are as follows. 1) When we sleep in bedroom, ventilation rate 0.4 meet the requirements of domestic legal standards. Conform fan of similarity law, ventilation rate 0.4 reduced power cost about 80% than 0.7. 2) In generally sleeping time 8 hours, peak point control reduced running time of ventilation unit about 43% than normal control.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.81-85
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• 2012

Purpose: Saturday night palsy is a transient form of nerve palsy that occurs after a prolonged period of direct pressure on the course of radial nerve by one's own or spouse's head. Although commonly encountered, there have been only few studies concerning its convalescence. The purpose of this study is to predict the prognosis of Saturday night palsy based on the causes, time to recovery and degree of recovery. Materials and Methods: Retrospective study of 20 patients who were diagnosed compression radial nerve palsy was performed. The average age was 36.7 years old and the mean follow-up period was 19.6 months. We investigated sleeping hours as an indirect measure of nerve compression time, recovery of wrist and finger extension, DASH score on the monthly based follow up. Results: The mean sleeping hours was 5.8 hours and all patients showed full recovery of wrist and fingers extension with the mean duration of symptom for 3.2 months. DASH score was an average 1.53 at the last follow up and we found no statistical significance between the time to recovery and the sleeping hours. Conclusion: Complete natural recovery can be expected in compression radial nerve palsy in this study without correlation with sleeping time. Accurate diagnosis is important in order to avoid unnecessary therapeutic intervention and further study should be accomplished for clarifying the related prognostic factors in larger scale of the cases.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.27-34
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• 1972

The present study is concerned with the demonstration of the influence of long term treatment with caffeine and phenobarbital on pentobarbital sleeping time, gastric secretion, increase rate of body weight and brain and liver weight in rats. The experimental subjects were rats weighing about 140 to 150 g, each of them was isolated in a separate cage. Each group was given 1 ml normal saline solution as control, caffeine 10 mg/kg and phenobarbital 30 mg/kg as experimental groups. All drugs were injected intraperitoneally, daily for 4 weeks. The results obtained are summarized as follows; 1. There was significant difference between before and after injection of drugs (caffeine citrate 10 mg/kg and phenobarbital 30 mg/kg) on pentobarbital sleeping time. The sleeping time of caffeine treated group was delayed (22.4%, p<0.01) significantly compared with that of before injection. The sleeping time of phenobarbital treated group was markedly shortened (93.6%, p<0.001) compared with that of before injection of drugs. 2. The volume, free and total acidity and pH of gastric juice determined five hours after pyloric ligation in fasting rats were not significantly changed in experimental groups compared with control group. However the volume of gastric juice was increased 25% in both caffeine and phenobardital treated group. 3. The increased ratio of body weight revealed no remarkable difference compared with intial body weight. However, caffeine treated group showed markedly increased body weight after first and second week of injection. 4. The brain and liver weight in experimental group showed no significant difference compared with control group (as percentage of body weight).

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.311-320
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• 2019

This study is a descriptive research designed to determine the effects of smartphone addiction on sleeping time and sleep deprivation among college students. For this purpose, the study made a questionnaire survey of 280 health science college students attending at C college located U Metropolitan city. Data collected from the survey were analyzed using SPSS 22.0 program. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. there were correlations between smartphone addiction and students' sleep deprivation but weren't correlations between their smartphone addiction and sleeping time. furthermore college students' sleep deprivation was influenced by their smartphone addiction. Therefore, in order to induce sufficient sleep for physical and mental health, it is needed to reduce the smartphone addiction rate of college students. To do that, it is necessary to develop and provide interventive programs to eradicate unnecessary smartphone use.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.174-178
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• 2006

The ethanolic extract of Leucas aspera root was studied for its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using pentobarbitone induced sleeping time test, the open field test and the hole cross test in Swiss albino mice. The present investigation revealed that the extract at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, significantly prolonged the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in mice though the onset of sleep was delayed as compared to control. In open field test the depressing effect was prominent from the second observation period (30 min) and persisted throughout the entire experimental period (240 min). In the hole cross test, the depressing effect was observed significant from the third observation period (60 min) and persisted up to the seventh observation period (240 min) except at fourth observation (90 min) for 250 mg dose group and depressing effect was significant from second observation (30 min) up to seventh observation period (240 min) for 500 mg dose group. These results support the finding that Leucas aspera root may contain biologically active constituent(s) having CNS activity.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.249-252
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• 2004

The methanol extract of Diospyros peregrina bark was studied for its effect on the central nervous system (CNS) using the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time test, the open field test and the hole cross test in Swiss albino mice. The present investigation revealed that the extract, at the doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg, significantly prolonged the pentobarbitone induced sleeping time in mice though the onset of sleep was delayed as compared to the control. In open field test, the depressing effect was prominent from the second observation period (30 min) and persisted throughout the entire experimental period (240 min). In the hole cross test, the depressing effect was observed from the second observation period (30 min) and persisted up to fifth observation period (120 min) for 250 mg dose group and up to sixth observation period (180 min) for 500 mg dose group. These results support the finding that D. peregrina bark extract at the above doses has CNS depressing effects and indicate that D. peregrina bark may contain biologically active constituent(s) having CNS depressant activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.281-285
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• 2013

Ethanol extract of Gastrodia elata fermented with Lactobacillus brevis was highly effective on the duration of pentobarbital hypnosis in mice. Pretreatment of mice with ethanol extract of the fermented Gastrodia elata (200 mg/kg, p.o.) prolonged markedly the duration of pentobarbital sleeping time and reduced the sleep latency. The mechanism of the extract of the fermented Gastrodia elata was investigated to inhibit the binding of $^3H$-Flumazenil, a selective benzodiazepine receptor antagonist, to benzodiazepine receptor of mice cortices. $IC_{50}$ value from displacement of $^3H$-Flumazenil binding was 62 ${\mu}g/mL$ at the treatment of the fermented Gastrodia elata. Therefore, these finding, such as increase of sleeping time and reduction of sleep latency, was examined by elevated concentration of GABA and parishin C, which were increased by Lactobacillus brevis.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.15 no.1_2 s.25
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• pp.13-19
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• 1979

Circadian susceptibility of sleeping induced by pentobarbital was observrd in male DDO mouse treated with phenobarbital and ginseng saponin. The pentobarbital elimination rate was also measured in the same animal. The mouse had been maintained for one week under 12 hours of artificial illumination extending from 06:00 to 18:00 hours alternating with 12 hours of darkness. During the period the animals were administered intraperitoneally with 100mg/kg of phenobarbital for three days or 10mg/kg and 100mg/kg of ginseng saponin for seven days. At 24 hours after last injection pentobarbital sleeping time and elimination rate were measured following intraperitoneal administration of 50mg/kg of pentobarbital sodium. In a control group treated with saline, the duration of pentobarbital-induced sleep varied with circadian rhythmicity, which had a trough at 02:00 hours of light phase and a crest at 14:00 hours of dark phase. And the elimination rate measured at 02:00 hours was faster than that at 14:00 hours. Pretreatment with phenobarbital markedly shortened the pentobarbital steeping time and abolished the circadian rhythmicity. Those were correlated with the increased pentobartital elimination by phenobarbital throughout light and dark phases examined. Ginseng saponin, given for seven days in a dose of 10mg/kg or 100mg/kg, did not affect the circadian rhythmicity of sleeping and the elimination rate. Sleeping time during light phase, however, was somewhat shortened in ginseng treated animals, which was not matched with the finding of unaltered elimination rate. It seemed that the central nervous system stimulating effect of ginseng saponin might be involved in the findings observed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.11-18
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• 2010

In this paper, it introduced the device that was fabricated for monitoring sleeping positions of infants with 3-axis accelerometer. Sleep monitoring studies has been usually conducted two ways. To monitor sleeping posture by installing a camera and then recording of sleep in the sleeping room continuously is the first one. The other one is monitoring pressure sensor's results data for sleeping. Those two ways' benefits are that are able to get relatively accurate sleeping posture data but, there are many disadvantages like constraints of spaces and places, the installation of sensors or cameras, and high cost. In addition, it has a lot of problems that difficult to solve. For babies, it's not easy to apply, as well as uncomfortable. The proposed method uses a 3-axis accelerometer's X axis, Y axis, Z axis position output values in order to recognize the bad ground sleeping position that use of the buzzer alarm. This method uses a 3-axis acceleration sensor to measure the data and transmit sleeping posture using Bluetooth wireless in real time monitoring. The data is helpful for prevention safety hazard such as choked themselves when they slept back side on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.86-90
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• 2000

The effects of the timing of daily bathing on sleep in winter were studied. Eight healthy male subjects were assigned to three sleep conditions: bathing just before sleeping (Condition J), bathing 2 h before sleeping (Condition T0 and no bathing before sleeping (Control). We can found that slow wave sleep and REM sleep were increased, and sleep onset latency and wake after sleep onset were shortened in Condition T compared with Condition J. Rectal and mean skin temperatures n both bathing conditions were the same levels after the first half of sleep. Furthermore, subjective sleep sensation was the highest value in Condition T. These results suggest that bathing done before going to bed in winter was good for sleep; moreover, bathing 2 h before going to bed was more effective than bathing immediately before going to bed.