• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-30
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• 1982

1. The cows slaughtered at age of 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, and 9 years old were 1.5, 1.5, 15.0, 62.5 and 4.4% respectively. 2. The cows slaughtered at 351-450kg and more than 500kg were 60 and 28% respectively. 3. Best, very good, good and bad cows in nutritional condition were 1.6, 25.8, 62.9, and 9.7% respectively. Among the six cows which were bad nutrition, the two were with severe endometritis, the three were normal in genital function and one was on 70 days of pregnancy. 4. Holstein cows(55.2%) showed higher reproductive failure than the Korean cows(33.3%). 5. The slaughted ratio of the Korean cattle and Holstein cows was 36 and 64% respectively. 6. Pregnant cows were about 16% among the slaughtered one. 7. Reproductive failures were composed of 46% in uterus, 32% in ovaries, 8% in udder, 6% in oviduct, 4% in cervix of uterine, 2% in vagina and 2% inmummified fetus. 8. Forty six percentages of uterine diseases were as follows; horn, 13%, body of uterus, 32% and ovary diseases were 32%, that is, 12% of ovary atrophy, 8% of ovarycyst and 6% of lutealcyst. 9. The cows of reproductive failures were commonly infected with 1.6 kinds of diseases. 10. According to classification, six type of ovaries were as follows; normal, 58%, ovary-cyst, 11%, luteum cyst, 4%, coexistence of follicles and corpus luteum, 16%, weak function of ovaries, 10% and ovarian atrophy, 1%. 11. Major axis, minor axis and thickness of right ovary were larger than those of left one both in Korean cattle and Holstein cows. Holstein cow had generally larger size of ovary than these of the Korean cattle.. 12. The left and right oviducts showed no difference in length, but Holstein had longer oviduct than Korean cow. 13. There was no difference in the length of uterine horn between right and left in the Korean cows, but the right was longer than the left in Holstein cows. 14. Holstein had longer horn and body of uterine than the Korean cows. 15. The weight of right ovary was heavier than that of left in both breeds, but there was no differences in weight of left ovary between two breeds and right ovary of Holstein breed was heavier than that of the Korean cow. 16. The weight of right oviduct and uterine born was heavier than that of the left, and Holstein had heavier oviducts and uterine horns than the Korean cows. 17. Holstein had heavier uterine body and cervix of uterine than the Korean cows. 18. The length of reproductive systems of Korean cow is as follows; Major and minor diameter and thickness ofovary are 3.6${\pm}$0.7, 2.3${\pm}$0.4 and 1.6${\pm}$1.4 cm in left and 3.7${\pm}$0.6, 2.5${\pm}$0.5 and 1.8${\pm}$0.5 cm in right. Oviduct is 28.4${\pm}$3.1 cm in left and 27.8${\pm}$3.3 cm in right. Uterine horn is 27.4${\pm}$4.5 cm in left and 27.7${\pm}$4.9 cm in right. Uterine body and cervix are 3.4${\pm}$1.1 and 6.5${\pm}$1.7 cm. 19. The length of female reproductive systems ofHolstein cow is as follows; Major and minor diameter and thickness of ovary are 3.9${\pm}$1.3, 2.3${\pm}$0.5, and 1.5${\pm}$0.6 cm in left and 4.0${\pm}$0.8, 2.8${\pm}$0.6 and 1.8${\pm}$0.6 cm in right. Oviduct is 29.4${\pm}$4.2 cm in left and 29.3${\pm}$4.1 cm in right. Uterine horn is 30.2${\pm}$7.4 cm in left and 32.6${\pm}$8.4 cm in right. Uterine body and cervix are 4.5${\pm}$2.5 and 7.8${\pm}$2.9 cm. 20. The weight of reproductive systems of Korean cow is as follows; Ovary is 8.4${\pm}$4.1 g in left and 9.3${\pm}$3.6g in right. Oviduct is 1.5${\pm}$0.5 g in left and 1.6${\pm}$0.5 g in right. Uterine horn is 109${\pm}$27 g left and 118${\pm}$32 g in right. Uterine body and cervix are 30.4${\pm}$14.1 and 76.7${\pm}$38.4g. 21. The weight of reproductive systems of Holstein cow is as follows; Ovary is 8.2${\pm}$3.1 g in left and 12.5${\pm}$5.6 g in right. Oviduct is 1.7${\pm}$0.6 g in left and 1.9${\pm}$0.9 g in right. Uterine horn is 199${\pm}$14.2 g in left and 221${\pm}$111.2g in right. Uterine body and cervix are 58.2${\pm}$46.5 and 126.7${\pm}$103.3 g.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.187-190
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• 2008

Eosinophilic myositis lesions are characterized by severe eosinophil infiltration along muscles of affected animals. The exact cause of the lesion remains controversial and the carcass is condemned once this lesion is seen during meat inspection. A cow slaughtered in Chonbuk province, Korea was observed to have disseminated pale foci throughout the musculature; meat samples were obtained and macroscopically investigated. Cut ends of neck and thigh muscle tissues showed variably sized, multifocal pale white-grayish nodular lesions. Histopathological examination consistently revealed inflammatory lesions with adjacent infiltration of eosinophilic granulocytes and focal necrotic calcification. However, no parasites, including Sarcocystis sp., could be discerned in the affected carcass. This case was diagnosed as idiopathic eosinophilic myositis in cattle.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.1300-1306
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• 2002

Fourteen non-descript zebu cattle calves of about 1 year and 6 months age and 111 kg average body weight were used in this experiment. Grazing (5 h daily) animals were supplemented with urea-molasses blocks with and without Yucca, while the control group was without any supplementation i.e. grazing only. The feeding trial continued for a period of 70 days (November to February). At the end of trial three animals per treatment were slaughtered to compare carcass traits. Group no. 1 was fed block with yucca, group no. 2 was fed block without yucca and group no. 3 was on grazing only. Block intake was found to be 724 g/h/d and 1,239 g/h/d for group no. 1 and group no. 2, respectively (p<0.05). Feed efficiency of blocks was found to be 2.71 kg and 4.86 kg for group no. 1 and group no. 2, respectively (p<0.05). Block intake per kg $BW^{0.75}$ was found to be 14.75 and 26.05 gram for group 1 and group 2, respectively (p<0.05). Average daily body weight gain was found to be 267 g/h/d, 255 g/h/d and 169 g/h/d for group 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Carcass traits among the three treatments were found to be statistically similar. Thus urea-molasses blocks supplementation improved body weight gain and addition of yucca in the blocks further improved body weight gain, feed efficiency and economics. Environment (ambient temperature, rainfall, wind and humidity) had no significant effect on three treatments.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.367-375
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• 2021

The aim of this study was to identify the factors contributing to the auction price and total price of carcasses by using squared semi-partial correlation of carcass traits. The data used in this study were the carcass grades assigned to 7,145 head of Hanwoo slaughtered from 2013 to 2018 in Gyeonggi province and 106,779 head of Hanwoo slaughtered from 2013 to 2018 outside of Gyeonggi province. The rankings of the carcass traits contributing to the auction price were in the order of marbling score (86.70%), backfat thickness (10.42%), eye muscle area (1.40%), and carcass weight (0.92%) in Gyeonggi province. In Hanwoo slaughtered outside of Gyeonggi province, the rankings were in the order of marbling score (88.53%), backfat thickness (9.06%), eye muscle area (1.24%), and carcass weight (0.99%). The rankings of carcass traits contributing to the total price were in the order of marbling score (45.95%), carcass weight (45.60%), backfat thickness (6.49%) and eye muscle area (0.77%) in Gyeonggi province. In Hanwoo slaughtered outside Gyeonggi province, the rankings were in the order of marbling score (49.64%), carcass weight (43%), backfat thickness (5.86%), and eye muscle area (0.66%). Gyeonggi province Hanwoo had thinner backfat thickness than Hanwoo outside Gyeonggi, and it had a higher contribution to auction price and total price. Collectively, Hanwoo in Gyeonggi province showed higher contribution scores for backfat thickness. This study aimed to provide basic information to guide Hanwoo breeding and increase profits for Hanwoo farms through the analysis of each traits according to environmental factors.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.137-147
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• 2013

A lot of burial sites for the disposal of the contagious livestock slaughtered by foot and mouth disease were constructed in a short time for preventing the rapid spread of the virus. More than 4,700 carcass burial sites were constructed in 2011. Approximately 7 million poultry and 3.5 million livestock including head of cattle and swine were buried in farm land. However, the available cost data for a burial site was not provided. This study was to performed in order to understand the economic issues related to carcass burial disposal. The data from a local government was analyzed and the assumption data web based was constructed to evaluate the cost for constructing a carcass burial. The results showed that the local government paid KRW 5,386 for the burial disposal of a mortality (swine). It was estimated that the cost could be reduced through an appropriate measures.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.465-469
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• 2008

Unusual yellowish-green intramuscular granulomatous lesions were found in a carcass of Hanwoo(slaughtered, 30 month old). Those were 1-3 mm in diameter, oval shaped, and paralleled with muscle fibers. Histologically, severe inflammation, eosinophilic granulomas and necrosis were observed in the muscle tissue. We also observed sarcocysts in the muscle cells. In a polymerase chain reaction, we identified 900bp length, sarcocystis specific fragment. It would be diagnosed as sarcocystosis in Hanwoo.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.34-38
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• 2011

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagions disease of cloven-hoofed animals and occurs in many non-European countries, in particular in huge parts of Asia including Turkey, in most countries of Africa and in parts of South America. The extreme contagiousness of the disease requires comprehensive to control an outbreak, causing high economic losses. The outbreak of FMD, which affects livestock including cattle, swine,sheep,goats,deer and other animals as a highly communicable disease that affects. The agency issued a statement noting that FMD disease does not spread to humans. The disease and meat from infected animals are news reports that more than 3.400.000 livestock have been ordered slaughtered so far across the country.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.144-144
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• 2002

Muscular lesion was detected in a 23-month-old castrated bull encountered at Kyungsan slaughter house. The lesion appeared as fat intervening muscle fibers. The affected animal had no clinical signs. On microscopic examination, there was replacement of many muscle fibers by normal fat cells. Numerous fat cells were located between muscle fibers. Remaining skeletal muscle cells were in degenerative process, and thus abnormal skeletal muscle cells had loose fibers while normal had intact ones. The advent of inflammatory cells is not at the lesion, which is unique view in steatosis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.91-95
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• 1971

During three months from December 1967 to February 1968, 1867 Korean native cows slaughtered in pusan abattoir were investigated for studying the incidence of cystic ovaries. The results obtained in this experiment are summarized as follows: 1. The average frequency of cystic ovaries in 1867 Korean cows was 17 cases, or 0.91%. 2. In 17 cases 1, or 0.3%, occurred in cattle from 1 to 3 years of age; 4 or, 1.02% in four; 7 or, 2.02% in five; 2 or, 0.63% in six; and 3, or 0.63% occurred between 7 and 9 years of age. 3. The incidence of cysts in the respective ovaries, the left ovary was cystic in 23.5% of the cases, the right one in 41.2% and both ovaries in 35.3%. 4. According to the histological findings of cystic ovaries, follicular cysts were 88.2% and luteal cysts 11.8%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.392-399
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• 2017

Objective: The objectives were to assess the effects of purified lignin from wheat straw (sodium hydroxide dehydrated lignin; SHDL) on in vitro ruminal fermentation and on the growth performance of feedlot cattle. Methods: In vitro experiments were conducted by incubating a timothy-alfalfa (50:50) forage mixture (48 h) and barley grain (24 h) with 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/mL of rumen fluid (equivalent to 0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 g SHDL/kg diet). Productions of $CH_4$ and total gas, volatile fatty acids, ammonia, dry matter (DM) disappearance (DMD) and digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) or starch were measured. Sixty Hereford-Angus cross weaned steer calves were individually fed a typical barley silage-barley grain based total mixed ration and supplemented with SHDL at 0, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg DM for 70 (growing), 28 (transition), and 121 d (finishing) period. Cattle were slaughtered at the end of the experiment and carcass traits were assessed. Results: With forage, SHDL linearly (p<0.001) reduced 48-h in vitro DMD from 54.9% to 39.2%, NDF disappearance from 34.1% to 18.6% and the acetate: propionate ratio from 2.56 to 2.41, but linearly (p<0.001) increased $CH_4$ production from 9.5 to 12.4 mL/100 mg DMD. With barley grain, SHDL linearly increased (p<0.001) 24-h DMD from74.6% to 84.5%, but linearly (p<0.001) reduced $CH_4$ production from 5.6 to 4.2 mL/100 mg DMD and $NH_3$ accumulation from 9.15 to $4.49{\mu}mol/mL$. Supplementation of SHDL did not affect growth, but tended (p = 0.10) to linearly reduce feed intake, and quadratically increased (p = 0.059) feed efficiency during the finishing period. Addition of SHDL also tended (p = 0.098) to linearly increase the saleable meat yield of the carcass from 52.5% to 55.7%. Conclusion: Purified lignin used as feed additive has potential to improve feed efficiency for finishing feedlot cattle and carcass quality.