• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of slaughter season on the fatty acid profile in four types of fat deposits in crossbred (Polish Holstein Friesian Black-and-White${\times}$Limousine) beef bulls. The percentage share of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography and were divided into the following categories of fatty acids: saturated (SFAs), unsaturated (UFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), polyunsaturated (PUFAs), desirable hypocholesterolemic (DFAs) and undesirable hypercholesterolemic (OFAs), n-3 and n-6. Perinephric fat was characterized by the highest SFA concentrations (59.89%), and subcutaneous fat had the highest MUFA content (50.63%). Intramuscular fat was marked by a high percentage share of PUFAs and the highest PUFA/SFA ratio. The slaughter season had a significant effect on the levels of C18:3, C20:4 ($p{\leq}0.01$) and conjugated linoleic acid ($p{\leq}0.05$). There was an interaction between the slaughter season and fat type for the content of C20:4 ($p{\leq}0.01$) and C20:5 ($p{\leq}0.05$). The results of this study show that beef from cattle slaughtered in the summer season has a higher nutritional value and more health-promoting properties.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The aim of the pilot study was to evaluate slaughter characteristics and carcass composition of indigenous long fat tailed sheep and Small East African goats purchased from the auction markets slaughtered at 1.5 to 2 yrs of age and 20 kg to 25 kg live weight. The animals were slaughtered according to halal standard procedures. The left half carcasses were jointed into eight wholesale joints, and dissected into muscles, fat and bone, which were weighed separately. Sheep had greater (p<0.05) slaughter BW (22.29 kg vs 20.50 kg) and empty BW (20.17 kg vs 18.67 kg) than goats (p<0.05). Dressing percentages were lower (p<0.001) in sheep than goats when carcass weight was expressed as percentage of slaughter BW (42.31% and 47.15%) and empty BW (46.75% and 51.79%). Sheep carcasses had lower (p<0.001) proportion (66.18% vs 71.64%) of muscles and higher (p<0.001) proportion of fat (7.41% vs 3.44%) than goat carcasses. Sheep had proportionally lighter (p<0.001) shoulder (18.89% vs 22.68%) and heavier (p<0.05) proportion of chump (7.916% vs 6.76%) and main rib (8.12% vs 7.07%). Sheep had more (p<0.001) muscles in the leg (28.83% vs 27.08%) and main rib (7.62% vs 6.36%) than goats. Sheep had less (p<0.001) muscles (20.28% vs 23.56%) in shoulder joints when expressed as percentage of total muscle of carcasses. It is concluded that there are differences in sheep and goat both in terms of carcass and joint yields and composition. The present study also implies that there is need to consider setting different meat cuts and prices for these cuts when one takes into account the differences in muscle distribution within joints in sheep and goats.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1762-1772
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• 2013

The objective of the current study was to determine the effect of pre-slaughter stress, season and breed on the activity of plasma creatine kinase (CK) and the quality of mutton. One hundred and seventy-three (173) castrated sheep from Dormer (DM), South African Mutton Merino (SAMM), Dorper (DP) and Blackhead Persian (BP) sheep breeds were used in the study. The animals were grouped according to age-groups as follows: Group 1 (6 to 8 months), Group 2 (9 to 12 months) and Group 3 (13 to 16 months). Blood samples were collected during exsanguinations using disposable vacutainer tubes for CK analysis. Representative samples of the Muscularis longissimuss thoracis et. lumborum (LTL) were collected from 84 castrated sheep, of different breeds (28 per breed) 24 h after slaughter. The following physico-chemical characteristics of mutton were determined; meat pH ($pH_{24}$), color ($L^*$, $a^*$ and $b^*$), thawing and cooking losses and Warner Braztler Shear Force (WBSF). The activity of plasma CK was significantly higher (p<0.001) in summer ($1,026.3{\pm}105.06$) and lower in winter ($723.3{\pm}77.75$). There were higher values for $L^*$ ($33.7{\pm}0.94$), $b^*$ ($11.5{\pm}0.48$) and WBSF ($29.5{\pm}1.46$) in summer season than in winter season; $L^*$ ($29.4{\pm}0.64$), $b^*$ ($10.2{\pm}0.33$) and WBSF ($21.2{\pm}0.99$). The activity of plasma CK was influenced by the type of breed with Dormer having the highest (p>0.001) levels ($1,358.6{\pm}191.08$) of CK. South African Mutton Merino had higher values for $pH_{24}$ ($5.9{\pm}0.06$), $L^*$ ($34.2{\pm}0.97$), $b^*$ ($12.2{\pm}0.50$) and WBSF ($26.8{\pm}1.51$) and Blackhead Persian had higher values ($35.5{\pm}2.17$) for cooking loss (CL%) than the other breeds. Computed Principal Component Analyses (PCA) on the activity of plasma CK and physico-chemical characteristics of mutton revealed no correlations between these variables. However, positive correlations were observed between $pH_{24}$, $L^*$, $a^*$, $b^*$, CL% and WBSF. Relationships between pre-slaughter stress, CK activity and physico-chemical characteristics of mutton were also observed. It was therefore concluded that although mutton quality and creatine kinase were not related, pre-slaughter stress, season and breed affected the activity of creatine kinase and mutton quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권10호
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• pp.1656-1665
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to determine the effects of stress during slaughter of beef cattle on physiological parameters, carcass, and meat quality at a Federal Inspection Type slaughterhouse located in the southeast of Mexico. Methods: A total of 448 carcasses of male Zebu×European steers with an average age of 36 months were included. Carcass assessment of presence of bruises and bruise characteristics was carried out on each half-carcass. Blood variable indicators of stress (packed cell volume, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, glucose, cortisol concentration) and meat quality parameters (pH, color, shear force, drip loss) were evaluated. Results: Of the 448 carcasses evaluated, 81% of the carcasses showed at least one bruise; one bruise was detected in 36.6% and two bruises in 27.0% of animals. Of the 775 bruises found, 69.2% of the bruises were grade 1 in region 3. Of the 448 carcasses studied, 69.6% showed hyperglycemia (6.91 mmol/L); 44.3% and 22.7% showed high (74.7 ng/mL) and extremely high (108.8 ng/mL) cortisol levels, respectively, indicative of inadequate handling of animals during preslaughter and slaughter. Of the carcasses evaluated, 90.4% had a pH ≥5.8 with an average of pH 6.3. In both pH groups, meat samples showed L^⋆ values >37.0 (81.6%) and a shear force >54.3 N; meat pH≥5.8 group showed a drip loss of 2.5%. These findings were indicative of dark, firm, and dry (DFD) meat. According to principal component analysis, grades 1 and 2 bruises in region 3 and grade 1 bruises in region 5 were highly associated with cortisol, drip loss, and color parameters b^⋆ and h^⋆ and were negatively associated with L^⋆, a^⋆, and C^⋆. Conclusion: The bruises probably caused by stress-inducing situations triggered DFD meat. Appropriate changes in handling routines in operating conditions should be made to minimize stress to animals during the slaughter process to improve animal welfare and meat quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.424-431
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short road transportation in an open truck during hot season on live weight shrink, physiological responses, and carcass and meat quality of Omani sheep at 6 and 12 months of age. Thirty-six male sheep, 18 of each age group, were used. Age groups were assigned randomly to transported and not-transported groups. The transported group was transported to the slaughterhouse the day of slaughter in an open truck covering a distance of approximately 100 km. The average temperature during transportation was $37^{\circ}C$. The not-transported group was kept in a lairage of a commercial slaughterhouse with ad libitum feed and water for 48 h prior to slaughter. Blood samples were collected from sheep before loading and prior to slaughter via jugular venipuncture to assess their physiological response to transport in relation to hormonal levels. Animals were weighed just before loading onto a truck and after transport to assess shrinkage. Muscle ultimate pH, expressed juice, cooking loss percentage, WB-shear force value, sarcomere length and colour L*, a*, b* were measured on samples from longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles collected at 24 h postmortem at $1-3^{\circ}C$. Live weight shrinkage losses were 1.09 and 1.52 kg for 6 and 12 month transported sheep, respectively. The transported sheep had significantly (p<0.05) higher cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentration levels prior to slaughter at both ages than the not-transported sheep. Transportation significantly influenced meat quality characteristics of three muscles. Muscle ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly higher, while CIE L*, a*, b*, expressed juice and cooking loss were lower in transported than not-transported sheep. Age had a significant effect on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep. These results indicated that short-term pre-slaughter transport at high ambient temperatures can cause noticeable changes in physiological and muscle metabolism responses in sheep.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2009

본 연구는 1999년부터 2005년까지 부산경남축산물공판장에서 도축된 비육돈 1,251,572두의 자료를 이용하여 돼지의 주요 도체형질인 도축체중, 등지방두께와 도체등급에 대한 년도별 도체등급 변화 추세와 환경적인 요인을 분석하였다. 도축체중의 경우 암퇘지, 수퇘지 및 거세돼지가 각각 $82.97{\pm}0.008$, $82.00{\pm}0.090$ 및 $82.79{\pm}0.008kg$으로 조사되었다. 등지방두께는 암퇘지, 수퇘지 및 거세돼지가 각각 $19.27{\pm}0.006$, $15.99{\pm}0.072$ 및 $22.49{\pm}0.006mm$로 수퇘지가 유의적으로 얇았다. 도축체중의 경우 1999년에 $80.38{\pm}0.033kg$을 가장 가볍게 나타났고, 2005년에 84.26${\pm}0.033kg$으로 가장 무겁게 나타났으며, 연도가 증가함에 따라 도축체중이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 년도별 도체등급 변화 추세를 보면 A등급 출현율이 2000년부터 2003년까지는 계속 증가하다가 2003년 이후로 점차 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 2004

본 실험은 현장에서 발생할 수 있는 도축 전개체 관리와 도축 후 냉각온도의 편차가 숙성기간동안 육질에 미치는 영향을 관찰하기 위해 설계되었다. 총 20 두 랜드레이스를 도축 하루 전날부터 절식(n = 10)한 처리구와 도축일 아침까지 급여(n = 10)한 처리구 중에 각각 5마리씩을 무작위 선발하여 도축 전 스트레스(n = 10)와 무 스트레스(n = 10) 처리하엿다. 분할 후 좌도체는 $6^{\circ}C$에 우도체는 -$3^{\circ}C$의 도체 냉각실에서 24시간 냉각하였다. 사후 강직기와 도축 후 24시간의 pH, 온도, 유리 칼슘이온, 단백질 분해도를 측정하였으며, 1일째 근절길이, $1^{\circ}C$에서 3일 및 7일째 드립량, 1, 3, 7일째 육색, 전단력 및 가열 감량을 측정하였다. 본 실험 조건에서 도축 직전 15분 동안 몰이스트레스는 유리 칼슘량을 제외한 대사속도 및 육질 특성에 영향을 주지 않았다. 절식하지 않은 구는 절식한 처리구와 비교하여 1시간과 24시간에 빠른 pH 하강을 보였고 (P < 0.1), - $3^{\circ}C$ 냉각 조건에서는 $6^{\circ}C$에서 냉각한 처리구와 비교하여 도축후 3시간부터 완만한 pH 강하속도(P < 00.1)을 보였으나 최종 pH가 5.7 ${\sim}$ 5.8로 처리 구간에 큰 차이가 없었다. pH 6.2에서 절식과 냉각방법간에 상호 작용이 있었는데, 절식하지 않은 도체를 $6^{\circ}C$에서 냉각했을 경우 온도가 $33.3^{\circ}C$로 절식시킨 처리구를 - $3^{\circ}C$에서 냉각한 처리구와 비교하여($22.2^{\circ}C$) 11$^{\circ}C$ 더 낮은 온도를 보였다. 근절길이는 1.7 ${\sim}$ 1.8 ${\mu}m$로 처리간에 큰 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 24시간째 전단력은 절식처리구에서 약 2kg 높았다(P < 0.05) 영향을 받았는데, 절식시킨 시험구에서 낮은 값을 보였다. 냉각실 온도는 전단력과 육색에 영향을 미치지 않았으나, -$3^{\circ}C$ 냉각이 가열 감량을 유의적으로 감소시켰다(P < 0.05), 숙성기간 동안 전단력은 사료 급여를 하지 않은 도체에서 도축 후 1일에 약 6.5 kg으로 도축전까지 급여한 구보다 높았는데( P <0.05), 이 결과는 빠른 pH 하강과 유리 칼슘이온의 방출로 높은 도체 온도에서 단백질 분해 효소의 높은 활성과 관련된 것으로 판단되었고, 이것은 빠른 Desmin 분해 속도가 뒷받침하였다. 하지만 숙성 7일째에는 처리간의 전단력 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 가열 감량 숙성기간동안 가열 감량을 크게 증가시켜 숙성 7일째에는 유의적으로 높은(P < 0.01) 가열 감량을 유발하였다. 이러한 결과는 육색과도 연관 되었는데, 육색은 결과는 육색과도 연관 되었는데, 육색은 진공포장 후 7일 동안 $1^{\circ}C$에서 숙성한 결과 절식시킨 시험구와 지교하여 도축 전 급여가 더 밝고 붉은색(P < 0.05)을 나타냈다. 명도는 숙성 7일째에 유의적으로 증가하였고, 적색도는 3일째에 증가하였으나 7일째에는 변화가 없었다. 이러한 변화는 통계적으로는 유의성이 관찰되었으나 그 차이점은 미미했다. 본 실험결과는 도축 전날까지 급여 또는 절식 여부는 숙성 3일 이상일 경우 연도에는 영향을 미치지 않으나, 도축일 아침까지 급여가 보수력을 감소시키므로 도축 하루 전날부터 절식하는 것이 육질을 증가시킨다는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.265-276
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• 1986

Pathological study was made of 173 gallbladders among 652 slaughter pigs. The size and the pH of the bile juice were made of 50 among 173 gallbladders with lesions and 50 normal gallbladders as control. The results are summerized as follows : 1. The histological lesions were shown hyperemia and congestion(83.2%), Iymphocytic infiltration(37.5%), Iympoid hyperplasia(27%), epithelial downgrowth(27%), erosion and ulcer(22%), papillary hyperplasia (20.2%), pericholecystic edema(19.5%), hemorrhage(11%), and leukemic cell infiltration(0.6%). 2. In the gallbladders with lesions mean size was 4.26${\times}$7.88cm in diameter and mean pH is 7.2. In the control means size and mean pH were 4.57${\times}$8.13cm in diameter and 7.1. The difference of size between gallbladders with lesions and these as control was not statistically significant. The pH of bile juice between two showed also no statistically significant difference.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.105-111
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• 1999

This survey was carried out to detect the residual antibiotics in muscles of slaughter cattle from slaughter houses in Seoul from 1991 to 1998 using by EEC-4-plate method. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Residual materials were detected in 402 samples(3.12%) by EEC-4-plate method. The detection ratios were highest in 1995 (9.51%), autumn (39.8%), Kyeonggi province (54.2%), Holestain(60.4%) and male(50.7%). 2. Residual antibiotics for 18 samples were classified as TCs(72.2%), sulfonamides(38.8% ) and $\beta$-lactams(5.5%) by HPLC 3. The residual concentration of oxytetracycline, sulfonamide and $\beta$-lactams were 0.34~15.93ppm, 0.17~1.18ppm and 0.06ppm, respectively.

• 한국축산식품학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국축산식품학회 2005년도 정기총회 및 제35차 춘계 학술 발표대회
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• pp.159-163
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• 2005

Ninety KNP were divided into three group by differential market weight(20 of each group): Live weight of Group 1(G 1), Group 2(G 2) and Group 3(G 3) were 50-59kg, 60-69kg, 70-80kg, respectively. Values of pH and shear force showed an increase, while cooking loss showed decreased with increased weight. In color analysis, $a^{\ast}$ value in meat and $b^{\ast}$ value in backfat of KNP showed higher as slaughter weight increased. Slaughter weight did not significantly affect the fatty acid composition of subcutaneous fat of KNP. With the exception of oleic acid in intermuscular fat, there were no significant weight-dependent differences in the fatty acid profiles.