• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.104-117
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• 2002

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate the skin-whitening effect of Kakamseosiokyong-san Method : We investigated that the extracts of Kakamseosiokyong-san inhibit activity of tyrosinase, the enzyme which converts 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)alanine to dopachrom in the biosynthetic process of melanin. the UV absorbance of the extracts in the UV - A region and UV - B region was measured by UV scanning. the effect of extracts on cell viability and melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells was measured, and cytoprotective effects of extracts on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide was measured by MTT assay Results: The extracts of Kakamseosiokyong-san inhibited activity of tyrosinase. The extracts not only showed inhibitory effects on melanin production in cultured B16 mouse melanoma cells, but also exhibited cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide, but did not showed an absorbance in the UV - A region and UV - B region. Conclusion: These results suggest that Kakamseosiokyong-san inhibit melanin biosynthesis which is involved in hyperpigmentation and could be used as a whitening agent for the skin.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.343-348
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• 2013

We investigated the inhibitory effects of hesperidin on melanogenesis. To find melanosome transport inhibitor from natural products, we collected the structural information of natural products from Korea Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) and performed pharmacophore-based in silico screening for Rab27A and melanophilin (MLPH). Hesperidin did not inhibit melanin production in B16F10 murine melanoma cells stimulated with ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH), and also did not affect the catalytic activity of tyrosinase. But, hesperidin inhibited melanosome transport in melanocyte and showed skin lightening effect in pigmented reconstructed epidermis model. Therefore, we suggest that hesperidin is a useful inhibitor of melanosome transport and it might be applied to whitening agent.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.131-148
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• 2005

This study is peformed to investigate the effect of water extract from Vaccinium uliginosum L., on melanin production in B 16 melanoma cells, procollagen production and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) inhibition in human fibroblast cells. One hundred grams of the Vaccinium uliginosum L. was extracted with 2000 mL of water($90^{\circ}C$, 16h, 2times). The water extracts were lyophilized and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ until used. Dry weight yields of extracts of Vaccinium uliginosum L. were $3\%$(w/w). Extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. showed scavenger activities on DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen radical. And these substances inhibited release of cyiokines from human keratinocyte after UV B exposure. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had antioxidative effect. These substances inhibited purified tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B 16 melanoma cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\alpha}$. Moreover this extract stimulated procollagen production and inhibited MMP-1 production in human fibroblast cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\beta}$. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had whitening effect. And these substances decreased degree of wrinkle in hairless mouse skin that induced by UV B irradiation. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had anti-wrinkle effect. From the above results, it is possible that Vaccinium uliginosum L. may be developed to be an anti-melanogenesis agent and anti-wrinkle agent.

• 생약학회지
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• 제36권4호통권143호
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• pp.273-277
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• 2005

In mammalian melanocytes, melanin synthesis is controlled by tyrosinase, the key enzyme in the pigment synthesis. In this study, to develop a new whitening agent, we have investigated the antioxidant and the inhibitory effect of Artemisia anomala extract on tyrosinase activity and melanigenesis in the B16/F1 melanoma cells. The inhibition ratio of tyrosinase activity of butanol fraction from A. anomala was higher than that of arbutin ($97.5{\pm}0.5%$ at the concentration of 2 mg/ml). The butanol fraction was shown scavenging activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and superoxide anion radicals in a dose dependent manner. The highest inhibitory activity of melanogenesis was also butanol fraction ($25.0{\pm}3%$ at the concentration of $200\;{\mu}g/ml$). From these results, we suggest that the A. anomala extract might be used to be a potential agent for skin whitening.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.49-61
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• 2017

Objectives : In order to find out the whitening effects of Leonuri Herba, this study was designed to identify the effects and the action mechanism of LHE(Leonuri Herba extract) on Malignant melanoma cell lines. Methods : After treating LHE on the B16F10 cell-Malignant melanoma cell line-, the cell survival rate, melanin biosynthesis rate, intra&extracellular tyrosinase activity rate, SOD-like activity, tyrosinase mRNA gene expression were investigated. The results were compared with control group without LHE treatment or with positive control group treated with whitening efficacy substance. Results : B16F10 cell survival rate, melanin biosynthesis rate, and intra&extracellular tyrosinase activity were significantly inhibited depending on the concentration of treated LHE. Melanin biosynthesis rate and tyrosinase activity rate were also decreased when ${\alpha}-MSH$ was combined with LHE. In addition, the SOD-like activity was increased in a concentration-dependent manner in the treatment with the LHE, indicating signigicant activity at high concentrations, and the tyrosinase mRNA gene expression was decreased in both the LHE-treated group, the LHE and ${\alpha}-MSH-treated$ group. Conclusions : LHE seems to inhibit melanin synthesis through inhibition of tyrosinase activity and inhibition of tyrosinase mRNA gene expression. It also has the effect of promoting SOD-like activity and may be used clinically as a skin whitening agent in the future.

• 생약학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.343-351
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the whitening effect of aerial part of Pueraria lobata and mechanisms. Aerial part of Pueraria lobata, dose-dependently reduced the melanin content. Aerial part of Pueraria lobata, significantly decreased cellular tyrosinase activity, while there was not any effect on tyrosinase in cell-free conditions. To elucidate the mechanisms behind the aerial part of Pueraria lobata, treated melanogenesis regulation, the expressions of melanogensis related genes, proteins, and the activity of ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ were determined. Aerial part of Pueraria lobata, significantly inhibited gene and protein levels of MITF, tyrosinase and TRP-1. It suppressed the ${\alpha}-glucosidase$, leading to inhibition on the maturation of tyrosinase. Also aerial part of Pueraria lobata, was observed to have the high antioxidant activity. These results suggested that whitening effect of aerial part of Pueraria lobata, should be due to the down-regulation of MITF, tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression and the intercepting maturation of tyrosinase through suppressing ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. Another should be the high anti-oxidant activity. The findings show the possibility that aerial part of Pueraria lobata, can be used as a potential skin-whitening agent.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.258-264
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• 2015

본 연구는 윈터체리 추출물의 미백 활성을 검증하여 기능성 미백 소재로서의 가능성을 확인하였다. 먼저, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP를 이용한 항산화 활성 검증에서 윈터체리 추출물은 매우 높은 항산화 효과를 보였으며, 티로시나아 제의 활성에도 농도 의존적인 억제 효과를 보여주었다. 마우스 유래 B16-F10 멜라노마 세포를 이용한 멜라닌 생성에서 윈터체리 추출물이 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과, 세포 내에서 생합성 되는 멜라닌의 양이 상당히 감소하고 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 멜라닌 생성을 더욱 유도하는 ${\alpha}-MSH$를 세포에 처리하였을 때, 윈터체리 추출물은 농도 의존적인 억제 효능을 보여주었다. 이러한 윈터체리 추출물의 멜라닌 생성 억제는 MITF 전사인자의 발현을 억제함으로써 일어나고, 결과적으로 멜라닌 생합성과 관련된 티로시나아제와 Tyrp-1 등의 단백질 발현을 감소시킴으로써 일어나게 됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과들로 볼 때, 윈터체리 추출물은 기존의 미백 원료들을 대체할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 함께 사용할 경우 상승 효과를 낼 수 있는 새로운 미백 소재로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.119-131
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• 2001

Exposure of the human skin to UV-light can cause sun-tanning, photoaging and even photo-carcinogenesis. Melanin is important in protecting the skin against UV damage, but excessive or uneven melanin production can lead to the formation of freckles and aged spot. Control of hyperpigmentation is becoming even more important as aged population continues to grow. These needs led us to develop effective and safe depigmenting-agent, kojyl 3-aminopropyl phosphate (kojyl-APPA), called Whitegen. The development of whitegen was based on the fact that phosphate group of 3-aminopropyl phosphate can make kojic acid more compatible to the skin membrane and more stable. Instability of kojic acid has been a problem in cosmetic use. The insertion of phosphoester group has been recognized as a powerful tool to improve such physical properties as solubility and stability, because the phosphodiester residue is well characterized as a non-toxic moiety, having a high affinity for cell membranes. Kojyl-APPA showed no tyrosinase inhibition effect compared to kojic acid in vitro, but showed tyrosinase inhibition effect in situ. It means that kojyl-APPA is converted to kojic acid enzymatically in cells. Kojyl-APPA showed the inhibitory activity on melanin synthesis in mouse melanoma and normal humal melnaocytes and also showed long-lasting stability in comparison with its original form (kojic acid). Kojyl-APPA showed depigmenting effects when applied to UVB-induced hyperpigmentated region of guinea pig skin. Based on these results, kojyl 3-aminopropyl phosphate can be used as a safe and effective ingredient for the brightness and cleanness of skin.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2022

본 연구는 패션 프룻(passion Fruit) 열매의 과육과 씨 추출물의 항염증, 항산화, 항노화 및 피부 미백의 기능성 효과에 관한 것이다. 패션 프룻 열매의 추출물은 피부 첩포에 의한 일차 자극 인체적용시험 결과 피부 자극 지수는 0.00으로 판정되었다. 또한 염증매개물질 LPS (Lipopolysaccharides)를 처리하여 Raw 264.7 대식세포를 활성화시켜 NO를 유발하고 패션 프룻 열매 추출물과 반응시켰을 때 LPS만 처리한 그룹의 NO 발생량 보다 현저히 낮은 NO 발생량을 보임으로써 패션 프룻 열매 추출물의 우수한 항염증 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) 시험을 통해 패션 프룻 열매 추출물이 5.11%의 ABTS 라디칼 소거능을 보이면서 항산화 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 피부의 콜라겐 I 형의 합성은 노화와 다양한 피부 질병의 척도인데 인간의 프로콜라겐 I 알파 1 활성도 분석을 통하여 패션 프룻은 프로콜라겐의 합성을 약간 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 또한 멜라닌 억제 시험을 통하여 패션 프룻 열매 추출물의 미백 효능을 확인하였는데 대조군으로 식약처에서 고시한 미백 기능성 성분인 알부틴(arbutin)을 2% 이상 배합한 시료는 월귤나무에서 얻은 히드로 퀴논을 반응시켜 얻은 유기화합물로 일반적으로 백색 분말의 형태로 존재하며 멜라닌 생성을 촉진하는 티로시나아제를 억제하는 효능 효과가 있어 미백 개선의 기능성 성분으로 사용된다. 그러므로 이러한 자연에서 얻은 패션 프룻 열매 추출물의 미백 기능성 효능 확인은 화장품 및 식품의 기능성 원료의 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.485-490
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• 2014

백복령(Poria cocas)은 전통적으로 민간에서 피부미백에 효과가 있다고 보고되어 있다. 지금까지 melanin 합성에 대한 백복령의 직접적인 효과는 과학적으로 잘 연구되어 있지 않다. 따라서 멜라닌 합성에 대한 백복령 주정 추출물(PCEE)의 직접적인 효과를 밝히기 위해, 쥐의 B16F1 세포를 이용하여 DOPA synthesis assay, tyrosinase activity assay, Western blotting for melanogenic proteins [tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1 and TRP-2]를 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 PCEE가 3,4-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DOPA) 합성을 차단함으로써 농도 의존적으로 melanin형성을 억제한다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 비록 tyrosinase의 활성은 영향을 받지 않았지만 TRP-1 과 TRP-2의 단백질 발현 수준은 PCEE에 의해 조절되었다. 따라서 이러한 결과는 PCEE가 미백 효능을 가지고 있어 미백 화장품 개발을 위해 이용될 수 있다는 것을 시사하고 있다.