• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.182-186
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• 2014

Recently, the use of panoramic radiography has shown a constant increase, and significant research is underway. However, radiation exposure attracts less attention in dental radiography than in other types of radiography. We used an OSLD for measurement of the entrance skin dose in eyeballs and the thyroid region, both of which are not covered by examinations but are included in radiographical regions and are sensitive to radiation, as well as orally in Incheon and reported the results. The entrance skin dose was 0.0282 mSv on average for the oral region, and 0.0259 mSv on average for the eyeball, and 0.0261mSv on average, for thyroid gland. While there is no proper shielding method for the eyeball, a thyroid protector is not used by most hospitals and most hospitals are equipped with an apron and a thyroid protector separately; thus, it is necessary to use an integration of an apron and a thyroid protector and medical device manufacturers need to develop a method for controlling the length of the slit in the slit-type area of radiation occurrence in order to reduce unnecessary exposure.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was done to examine the incidence of pressure ulcers and associated factors, by inspecting the skin of newborn babies in a newborn unit or newborn intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: The participants were 101 newborn babies in either a newborn unit or NICU in D general hospital. The incidence of pressure ulcer was measured using the skin inspection tool for pressure ulcer, suggested by Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. Results: Incidence rate of pressure ulcer was 19.8%, and 80% of the newborns with pressure ulcers were premature babies. The commonest region of onset was the ear (36.8%), followed by the foot (31.6%), occipital region (15.8%) and knee (15.8%). Those are the regions related to external medical devices like nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry. Factors related to pressure ulcers were gestational period of 37 weeks or less, hospitalization for 7 days or more, birth weight under 2,500 g and a low level of serum albumin. Conclusion: The results of the study show that the skin and underlying tissues of premature infants is at risk for pressure-related skin breakdown. As most pressure ulcers are caused by medical devices, nursing interventions are required to prevent further aggravation of the lesions.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.130-135
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the variation of regional skin temperature with thermography during exercise. Seven men completed 82-min trials which consisted of rest, exercise of $VO_2$ max 60% and recovery period at $30{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and $60{\pm}5%RH$. Changes in skin temperature due to physical activity varied, depending region of the body. The skin temperature of the chest was significantly lowered and that of the back was significantly increased after exercise period(p < 0.05). There were significant negative relationship between the skin temperature of the chest and thermal comfort sensation, and positive relationship between skin temperature of the back and thermal comfort sensation(p < 0.05). It would be better to keep the chest warm, and the back cool during exercise. The skin temperature changed differently on body site due to exercise, and it was influenced by blood flow, sweating and air movement. This study would be meaningful in that the change of regional skin temperature during exercise was investigated consecutively with thermography. In further study, it would be more realistic to measure physiological response with functional sportswear which applies different functional fabric based on skin temperature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.223-226
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• 2003

When we detect side-view face in color image, we decide a candidate face region using skin-tone color, and confirm to the face by template matching. Cang Wei use a left and a right template of face, calculate to similarity value by hausdorff method, and decide the final side-view face. It has a characteristic that side-view face is wide spreading neck region. To get exactly result, face region is separated vertically by 3 pixel unit, and matched template. In this paper, we assume that a side-view face is a right side-view or a left side-view face. We separate a half of the candidate face region vertically, and regard a left side as left candidate face, a right side as right candidate face by template matching. This method detect faster than Gang Wei method.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 1973

Due to the Co-60 source size, the penumbra in Co-60 teletheraphy poses a serious problem, even if the extended collimators are used, Here an empirical formula for the calculation of integral absorbed dose in the penumbra region was derived. Through a numerical calculation, the penumbra effect on integral absorbed dose was investigated. The longer the source-to-skin distance, the larger the integral absorbed dose of penumbra region, and the larger the source diameter, the larger the integral absorbed dose of penumbra region. It was also found that in some case the integral absorbed dose in penumbra region becomes several times larger than the integral absorbed dose of treatment region itself if the source-to-skin distance becomes greater. Therefore, one must consider the penumbra effect in Co-60 teletherapy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2018

Clarification is needed regarding the definitions and classification of groove and hollowness of the infraorbital region depending on the cause, anatomical characteristics, and appearance. Grooves in the infraorbital region can be classified as nasojugal grooves (or folds), tear trough deformities, and palpebromalar grooves; these can be differentiated based on anatomical characteristics. They are caused by the herniation of intraorbital fat, atrophy of the skin and subcutaneous fat, contraction of the orbital part of the orbicularis oculi muscle or squinting, and malar bone resorption. Safe and successful treatment requires an optimal choice of filler and treatment method. The choice between a cannula and needle depends on various factors; a needle is better for injections into a subdermal area in a relatively safe plane, while a cannula is recommended for avoiding vascular compromise when injecting filler into a deep fat layer and releasing fibrotic ligamentous structures. The injection of a soft-tissue filler into the subcutaneous fat tissue is recommended for treating mild indentations around the orbital rim and nasojugal region. Reducing the tethering effect of ligamentous structures by undermining using a cannula prior to the filler injection is recommended for treating relatively deep and fine indentations. The treatment of mild prolapse of the intraorbital septal fat or broad flattening of the infraorbital region can be improved by restoring the volume deficiency using a relatively firm filler.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.02a
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• pp.193-196
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• 2009

Most of studies adopt a fixed skin color model to segment skin color region in a single image. The methods, however, result in low detection rates or high false positive error rates since the distribution of skin color is varies depending on the characteristics of input image. For the effective skin color segmentation, therefore, we need a adaptive skin color model which changes the model depending on the color distribution of input image. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive skin color segmentation algorithm consisting of 2 stages which results in both high detection rate and low false positive error rate.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.148-153
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• 2003

Skin moisture is an important factor in skin health. Measurement of moisture content can provide diagnostic information on the condition of skin. In this study, a portable near-infrared (NIR) system was newly integrated with a photo diode array detector that has no moving parts, and this system has been successfully applied for the evaluation of human skin moisture. Diffuse reflectance spectra were collected and transformed to absorbance using 1 nm step size over the wavelength range of 1100 nm to 2200 nm. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was applied to develop a calibration model. For practical use for the evaluation of human skin moisture, the PLS model for human skin moisture was developed in vivo using the portable NIR system on the basis of the relative water content values of stratum corneum from the conventional capacitance method. The PLS model showed a good correlation. The calibration with the use of PLS model predicted human moisture with a standard error of prediction (SEP) of 3.5 at 1120∼1730 nm range. This study showed the possibility of skin moisture measurement using portable NIR system.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 1998

When covering a skin defect of the finger with a local flap is difficult, a vascular island flap is often used. For a palmar skin defect, it is desirable to add a sensory supply to the flap. This report describes a neurovascular island flap that was used to repair a palmar skin defect, the donor skin coming from the dorsal region of the middle phalanx. This flap is elevated with a vascular pedicle of the palmar digital artery and its dorsal skin branch, including the dorsal digital veins, palmar digital nerve and its cutaneous branches. The advantage of this flap are that it can be transferred with ease and without any tension. No special manipulation is required under a microscope and operation can be performed under a simple nerve-block. There if little possibility that the flap itself undergoes ischemic change or congestion. The disadvantage of this flap are that a skin graft is required at the donor skin site and one palmar digital aretery is lost. We think that this neurovascular island flap is one of the useful methods for skin defects that are difficult to cover with a local flap.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 1972

A survey on the nutritional state was conducted from June 11 to Nov. 30, 1971, on 673 women workers $(16{\sim}25\;yrs)$ Jorking in a factory of food industry. Total body fat content was measured by skin-fold thickness (S. F. T.) with caliper at three region of the body. And it was calculated by regression equation, with the following conclusions were abtained. 1. The mean with standard deviation body height and weight of the Korean women workers were $155.0{\pm}4.21\;cm$ and $50.1{\pm}5.31\;kg$; respectively. 2. Their mean skin-fold thickness with their standard deviation triceps region of upper arm, 14.3{\pm}3.42$; Subscapular region, $18.0{\pm}5.57mm$; Abdominal region, $19.3{\pm}4.87mm$ and total aveager, 17.2{\pm}3.91mm$. 3. The body fat contents according to body fat weight regression equation were;fat weight. 10.7 kg; fat-free weight, 39.4kg; fat weight/ fat-free weight, 27.5%; fat-free mass/ total body mass 77.6%, and fat weight/ total body mass,21.6%. 4. Since the sknin-fold thickness between the triceps and upper abdominal region and between the former and Subscapular region were correlated with the coefficients of 0.838 and 0.615 respectively. and the following regression equations were established. a) S. F. T. of Subscapular region $(mm)=0.929{\times}$S. F. T. of triceps region (mm)+4.707. b) S. F. T. of Abdominal $region(mm)=1.24{\times}$S. F. T. of triceps region(mm)+1.50. Nutritional survey on the women workers in a fact ory of food industry, performed as above by the S. F. T. method, elucidated the fact that their nutritional state is as good as the control healthy female, and that their energy uptake may well be said to be satisfactory.