• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.37 no.10
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• pp.955-966
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• 2009

DES method is applied to an axisymmetric base flow at supersonic mainstream. The model is based on the Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) turbulence model in the RANS mode, and is based on the subgrid scale model in the Large-eddy simulation (LES) mode. Accurate predictions of the base flowfield and base pressure are successfully achieved by using the DES methodology which is less expensive than LES. Flow properties at the edge of base, such as boundary layer thickness, momentum thickness and skin fraction are compared with Dutton et al [experimental data to proper prediction of base flowfiled. From the present results, The DES accurately resolves the physics of unsteady turbulent motions, such as shear layer rollup, large-eddy motions in the downstream region and small eddy motions inside the recirculating region. Moreover, The present results of using an empirical constant $C_{DES}$ of 1.2 shows good agreement with experimental data than conventional empirical constant $C_{DES}$ of 0.65.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.71-81
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this paper was to suggest new diagnostic method that was to supersede the estimation of electrical properties at acupoints. Thus, we developed the multi- frequencies bioelectrical impedance measurement system so as to analyze the state of bio-ions in body fluid as body compositions, not skin impedance at acupoint. Methods : At low frequency, the current does not penetrate the cell membrane and at high frequency, the current passes through both intracellular and extracellular fluid because of the decreas of cell membrane impedance. To confirm the reflection of composition in extracellular fluid or intracellular fluid of segment such as acupoint, the system was developed to detect the acupoint potential between adjacent two points in the area of LU3, LU4 and LU9 using 5,50 and 200KHz. Results : The detected acupoint potential has been decreased according to elevation of frequency. As a result of correlation of left/right identical acupoint, we observed a high correlation of three types of acupoint potential at multi-frequencies. Moreover, we observed the low correlation at 5KHz, and that was a significant factor to be considered as unbalanced relationship of identical acupoints. Conclusions : On the basis of meridian theoretical point of view, we may infer the acupoint's physiological composition using the multi-frequencies bioelectrical impedance measurement system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.262-270
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• 1987

A numerical method is presented which can solve the unsteady momentum and thermal boundary layers, coupled through the agency of buoyancy force, over a heated circular cylinder impulsively started from rest. By linearizing the nonlinear finite difference equations without sacrificing accuracy, numerical solutions are obtained at each time step without iteration. To get rid of the requirement of excessive number of grid points in the region of reversed flow, special form of transformed variables are used, by which the computational boundary layer thickness is maintained almost constant. These numerical properties enable the method to easily handle the region of reversed flow and how the singularity develops in the interior of the boundary layer. In order to investigated the thermal effects on the skin friction, heat flux, displacement thickness and on the separation, we have successfully solved three different cases of the buoyancy parameter .alpha.(Gr/Re$^{2}$).

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.373-379
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• 2010

Cellulose, chitin, chitosan and hyaluronic acid are well known as polysaccharides. These polysaccharides have many effects on cell growth and differentiation. Cell activation increases with increasing the polysaccharides concentration. In this study, gelatin scaffold containing microorganism fermented cellulose, citrus gel were prepared by using irradiation technique. Physical properties of the scaffolds were investigated as a function of the concentrations of gelatin and citrus gel and the cell attachment, cell morphology and inflammation of the scaffolds also were characterized for regeneration of skin tissue.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2006

Quantitative difference in five phenolic acids between white and red ginsengs was measured in this study. As the results, white ginseng has higher contents of cinnamic acid, quercetin and p-coumaric acid than red ginseng. Maltol was mainly included in red ginseng. These five compounds were recently reported to have tyrosinase inhibitory effects. These reports led us to investigate the de-pigmenting effect of ginseng products. In our examination of effect on tyrosinase activity, UV-protection and melanin production in melan-a cells, ethyl acetate traction of white ginseng extract and cinnamic acid showed potent de-pigmenting properties. The results indicated that white ginseng might be useful as skin whitening material and cinnamic acid proved to be one of active ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.419-425
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• 2018

In this study, cross-linked collagen gels were successfully prepared with varying of elastic modulus from 0.7 to 17.7 kPa using a chemical cross-linker. Then, human dermal fibroblasts were encapsulated into the porous pores introduced into the gels, and cell growth and behavior were examined by gel's mechanical properties. Specifically, increasing elastic modulus of the gel led to decreases in procollagen synthesis from 47 to 32 ng. In addition, there could be optimum elastic modulus for procollagen production, when the gels were treated with adenosine. However, interestingly, this study discovered that the procollagen production level was not influenced by the elastic modulus of the gel for functional peptide. In conclusion, these results would be highly useful for designing reconstructed skins with varying of elastic modulus to examine functional materials in cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.464-470
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• 2018

Background: Ginseng produced by hydroponics can be cultivated without using agricultural chemicals; thus, it can be used as a raw materials for functional foods, medicines, and cosmetics. This study aimed to determine the optimal harvesting time to obtain the highest levels of ginsenoside and ginseng, as this was not previously unknown. Methods and Results: One-year-old organic ginseng seedlings were transplanted and cultivated using hydroponics for 150 days in a venlo-type greenhouse, using ginseng nursery bed soil and a nutrient solution ($NO_3{^-}-N$; 6.165, P; 3.525, K; 5.625, Ca; 4.365, Mg; 5.085, S; $5.31mEq/{\ell}$). Ginsenoside content and fresh and dry weights were higher at 120 days after transplanting than at 30, 60, 90, and 150 days. Total ginsenoside content was 11.86 times higher in the leaf and stem than in the root at 120 days after transplanting. Ginsenosides F1, F2, F3, and F5 were detected in ginseng leaves and stems. These chemical compounds are known to be effective in altering skin properties, including whitening, anti-inflammation, and anti-aging. Conclusions: Optimal harvesting time for ginseng cultivated using hydroponics was 120 days after transplanting when the biomass and ginsenoside content were highest.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.87-95
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• 2021

In this study, the application of a medical compression sleeve of Moisture Responded Transformable(MRT) fibers to the treatment of lymphedema after surgery in breast cancer patients was investigated. MRT fibers were manufactured with PET and Nylon6 bi-component cross-section yarns, and compression sleeves of sleeves 1, 2, 3, and 4 were knitted in order of size, and then the physical properties and clinical tests were evaluated. As a result, the pressure of compression sleeve in wrinkle was the lowest in sleeve 1 with 3.81 kPa, and the highest in sleeve 4 with 5.22 kPa. Elastic recovery rate is that all parts except the top of the sleeve 1 exhibited 100%. The air permeability was good at 12.1 ~ 16.1 cm³/cm²/sec, and peeling was also comparatively excellent as grade 3. In addition, the weight of the compression sleeves 1, 2, and 3 decreased as 18.3 ~ 23.0 g/m² depend on size, while the compared sample was heavier with 17.39 ~ 32.61 g/m². In lymphoscintigraphy test, it was confirmed that the function of remaining lymph node was good in all patients. Although there were no differences between samples in skin irritation and tightness in wearing comfort, the manufactured sleeves showed better fit, lightness, fashion and breathability than the comparable sleeves.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.144-152
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• 2022

The Spartina anglica is recognized as a highly invasive plant and active eradication methods are required. In this study, we aimed to determine the physiologic activities of Spartina anglica extracts as a cosmetic ingredient. Antioxidant properties were investigated by different chemical methods including radical quenching (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power(FRAP) assay and aerial part of S. anglica(SAA) extract presented the strongest antioxidant activities. The significant cytotoxicity was not observed up to a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL in RAW264.7 cells and NHDF cells. The anti-inflammatory activity of S. anglica belowground(SAB) extract had strong effects on cell-based systems, including LPS-induced NO and cytokines(TNF-a and IL-6) production in RAW264.7 cells. Collagen synthesis and skin hydration gene expression of S. anglica extract showed the highest anti-wrinkle and moisturizing effect in NHDF cells. Results presented in this study tend to show that the ethanol extracts of S. anglica could be exploited as useful-bio-resource for bioactive substances in functional cosmetics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.1146-1153
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• 2022

Many probiotic species have been used as a fermentation starter for manufacturing functional food materials. We have isolated Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 from the feces of infants as a novel strain for fermentation. While Glycine max has been known to display various bioactivities including anti-oxidant, anti-skin aging, and anti-cancer effects, the immune-modulatory effect of Glycine max has not been reported. In the current study, we have discovered that the extract of Glycine max fermented with B. animalis subsp. lactis LDTM 8102 (GFB 8102), could exert immuno-modulatory properties. GFB 8102 treatment increased the production of immune-stimulatory cytokines in RAW264.7 macrophages without any noticeable cytotoxicity. Analysis of the molecular mechanism revealed that GFB 8102 could upregulate MAPK2K and MAPK signaling pathways including ERK, p38, and JNK. GFB 8102 also increased the proliferation rate of splenocytes isolated from mice. In an animal study, administration of GFB 8102 partially recovered cyclophosphamide-mediated reduction in thymus and spleen weight. Moreover, splenocytes from the GFB 8102-treated group exhibited increased TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production. Based on these findings, GFB 8102 could be a promising functional food material for enhancing immune function.