• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제41권4호
• /
• pp.687-697
• /
• 2017

To figure out an appropriate pressure level for a body warming base layer, human responses were observed when the pattern reduction of base layers varied. Under the condition of $2^{\circ}C$, 60% RH, 0.1m/s, ten male subjects participated in the experiment with four sizes of experimental vests where heating pads were attached. The subjective evaluations of the heating vests with different sizes were reported using 7 or 9 point scales. We simultaneously observed chest, abdomen and scapula skin temperatures and microclimate humidity. It was found that the tight pattern as in the case of A or B provided a warmer subjective sensation and skin temperature than C or D; however, there were no differences in skin temperature at the chest. Eventually, the chest temperature decreased after about 30 mins of heating; however, temperature of abdomen increased and indicated that heating with two commercial pads used was inadequate for whole body warming. The pressure sensation of 'tight' was improved after warming the abdomen in a cold environment. Overall, the gaps beyond the original circumference of the abdomen, as in C or D, were not desirable for the local heating of abdomen under the conditions of this experiment where walking was included in the protocol. The experiment garment B with nude waist circumference was the best, and D with the largest ease, was the worst for a comfortable warming vest.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.257-279
• /
• 2000

Allergic contact dermatitis is a common skin disease resulting from specific immunologic to topically applied various allergen. After Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) secondary sensitization, the ICR mice administered Rhemanniae radix extract (RRE) was observed to ascerstain the effect of RRE on allergic contact dermatitis. Purpose of this study was to investigate contact hypersensitivity assay, abdominal skin morphologic changes. Including mast cells and cell-surface glycoconjugates. The change of interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25R). ICAM in abdominal skin, lymph node of inguinal region, and electro microscope-morphologic changes of abdominal skin. The results of this study were as follows: 1. The contact hypersensitivity assay, the ear swelling in the RRE had lesser probability than in the ACD Group. 2. In the general morphologic change of skin, hyperplasia of keratinocytes, distribution of vasculogenesis and epidermal lymphocytes infiltration were decreased in the RRE group compared with the ACD group. In epidermal basal layer and prickle layer, cell damage was decreased in the RRE group compared with the group painted with ACD. 3. MasT-cell in dermis was decreased in the RRE group compared with the group painted with DNCB. 4. Distribution of interlukin-2 Receptior positive cell and ICAM positive cell in dermis was decreased in the RRE Group compared with the ACD group. 5. Distribution of helper T-lymphocyte and cytotoxic T-lymphocite in inguinal nodes was decreased in the RRE group, and was observed well in paracortical area and cortical cord. 6. Distribution of apoptotic cell was appeared in the RRE group compared with the ACD group, in skin, dermis. in inguinal nodes, paracortical area observed well. With above results, the restarint of immunosuppression occuring in Allergic contact dermatitis is resulted in the slow progress the effect of Allergic contact dermatitis, and it is thought that ithis fact has a series of relation with apoptosis.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제50권6호
• /
• pp.399-406
• /
• 2013

In the present study, the flat plate model test method is developed to evaluate the skin friction of the marine coating in the cavitation tunnel. Six-component force balance is used to measure the profile drag of the flat plate and strut. LDV(laser Doppler velocimetry) technique is also employed to evaluate the drag and to figure out the reason of the drag reduction. The flow velocities above the surface can be used to assess the skin friction, combined with direct force measurement. Since the vortical structure in the coherent turbulence structure influences on the skin friction in the high Reynolds number regime, the interaction between the turbulence structure and the surface wall is paying more attention. This sort of thing is important in the passive control of the turbulent boundary layer because the skin friction can't be determined only by wall condition. As complicated flow phenomena exist around a paint film, systematic measurement and analysis are necessary to evaluate the skin friction appropriately.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.183-192
• /
• 2021

Background: The purse-string suture (PSS) is a simple and rapid wound closure method that results in minimal scarring. It has been used to treat circular or oval skin defects caused by tumor excision or trauma. However, due to obscurity, it is not widely used, especially for the head and neck. This study aimed to modify the PSS to obtain predictable and acceptable results. Methods: A total of 45 sites in 39 patients with various types of skin and soft tissue defects in the head and neck were treated with PSS. We used PDS II (2-0 to 5-0), which is an absorbable suture. Minimal dissection of the subcutaneous layer was performed. The suture knot was hidden by placing it in the dissection layer. Depending on the characteristics of the skin and soft tissue defects, additional surgical interventions such as side-to-side advancement sutures, double PSS, or split-thickness skin graft were applied. Results: All wounds healed completely without any serious complications. Large defects up to 45 mm in diameter were successfully reconstructed using only PSS. Postoperative radiating folds were almost flattened after approximately 1-2 months. Conclusion: PSS is simple, rapid, and relatively free from surgical design. Owing to the circumferential advancement of the surrounding tissue, PSS always results in a smaller scar than the initial lesion and less distortion of the body structures around the wound in the completely healed defect. If the operator can predict the process of healing and immediate radiating folds, PSS could be a favorable option for round skin defects in the head and neck.

• Composites Research
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2002

이종 재료의 다중 적층 구조인 스마트 스킨을 설계 및 제작하였고, 그 기계적 거동 특성을 규명하기 위하여 압축 및 굽힘 거동에 대하여 시험 및 해석을 수행하였다. 시험 결과 본 연구에서 설계된 스마트 스킨은 압축 허용 하중에 비해 좌굴 허용 하중이 작게 나타났으며, 구조적 안정성에 하니컴 심재의 전단 탄성 계수가 크게 영향을 주는 것을 확인하였다. 하니컴 심재의 전단 탄성 계수 측정을 위하여 개선된 시험법을 고안하여 본 연구에 사용하였다. 또한, 상용 유한 요소 해석 프로그램인 NASTRAN을 이용하여 예측한 압축, 굽힘 거동이 실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 1996년도 International Conference on Agricultural Machinery Engineering Proceedings
• /
• pp.878-885
• /
• 1996

The brown rice drying is effective for energy saving and cost reduction. However, deterioration after drying is one problem, because the skin damage occurs during the drying. So, the measures to preserve the quality has been investigated. One of major quality deteriorations is the oxidation of fat which is contained in the bran layer. So, milling should be carried out to remove the fat as soon as possible after brown rice drying. And the low temperature storage is also worth to be examined for prevention of oxidation. The effect of skin damage on the increase of fat oxidation was clarified. For the grain of skin damage, the increased of fatty acid vaule was remarkable after 70 days elapsed from occurrence of skin damage even in $15\;^{\circ}C$ condition. Therefore it is impossible to keep grain as brown rice form after brown rice drying. For the clean rice and excessively milled rice, the quality can be preserved even in high temperature of $30\;^{\circ}C$. Therefore the brown rice drying can b applied practically using the clean rice technique.

• 한국주거학회논문집
• /
• 제15권2호
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the sound insulation performance and present fundamental data for sound insulation plan about open and close windows of inner facade and outer facade of Double-skin Facade system applied to multi-story type. The Headquarter of Green Building and the Energy Saving Building in the Korea Institute of Energy Research was selected for experiment. Measurement method which are specified in the Korea Standard 2235 were selected for this study. As the result of this study, 1) Sound insulation performance of Multi-layer type of Double-skin Facades is very excellent about outdoor noise. 2) Vertical level is higher, it shows that more decreases sound pressure level.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.776-785
• /
• 2001

Hot-wire measurements are performed in boundary layers developing on a NACA0012 airfoil over which wakes pass periodically. The Reynolds number based on chord length of the airfoil is 2$\times$10(sup)5 and the wakes are generated by circular cylinders rotating clockwise and counterclockwise around the airfoil. This paper and its companion Part II describe the phenomena of wake-induced transition of the boundary layers on the airfoil using measured data; phase-and time-averaged streamwise mean velocities, turbulent fluctuations, integral parameters and wall skin frictions. This paper describes the background and facility together with results of time-averaged quantities. Due to the passing wake with mean velocity defects and high turbulence intensities, the laminar boundary layer is periodically disturbed at the upstream station and becomes steady-state transitional boundary layer at the downstream station. The velocity defect in the passing wake changes the local pressure at the leading of the airfoil, significantly affects the time-mean pressure distribution on the airfoil and eventually, has influence on the transition process of the boundary layer.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제9권5호
• /
• pp.569-572
• /
• 2007

The effectiveness of Palmarosa, Neroli and Jasmin blending oil on dry skin of rat induced by kitchen detergent are investigated. The experimental groups were divided the control group, group treated with surfactant, group treated with Palmarosa and Neroli, and group with Palmarosa, Neroli and Jasmin. Observation of epidermis and the alteration of mast cell were performed with photomicroscope. According to the epidermis morphological changes analysis, the A3 group treated with Palmarosa, Neroli and Jasmin blending oil was appeared the most similar with the control group, and the A2 group applied with Palmarosa and Neroli blending oil was sequently displayed similar characteristics. The collagen layer's breakaway resulting from Palmarosa essential oil, the collagen layer's restoration resulting from Neroli essential oil, the collagen layer's retention hyperkeratosis resulting from Jasmin essential oil were observed in the structure of the epidermal layer. In photomicrosope observation of mast cell to examine the inflammatory reactions, the increase in size and number of mast cell were showed in A1 group treated with surfactant compared to the control group. The number of mast cells definitely decreased in groups which were treated with Palmarosa, Neroli and Jasmin blending oil.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제30권3호
• /
• pp.229-235
• /
• 2014

Pear skin stains on 'Niitaka' pears, which occur from the growing stage to the cold storage stage, reportedly negatively influence the marketing of pears. These stains on fruit skin are likely due to a pathogenic fungus that resides on the skin and is characterized by dark stains; however, the mycelium of this fungus does not penetrate into the sarcocarp and is only present on the cuticle layer of fruit skin. A pathogenic fungus was isolated from the skin lesions of infected fruits, and its pathogenicity was subsequently tested. According to the pathogenicity test, Mycosphaerella sp. was strongly pathogenic, while Penicillium spp. and Alternaria spp. showed modest pathogenicity. In this present study, we isolated the pathogenic fungus responsible for the symptoms of pears (i.e., dark brown-colored specks) and identified it as Mycosphaerella graminicola based on its morphological characteristics and the nucleotide sequence of the beta-tubulin gene. M. graminicola was pathogenic to the skin of 'Niitaka' pears, which are one of the most widely growing varieties of pears in South Korea.