• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.293-300
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Pinus densiflora ethanol extracts (PDEE) treated with trypsine as a protease. Methods: Various antioxidant activities were evaluated by measuring total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, DPPH electron-donating ability and $ABTS^+$ radical scavenging activity of test material. To compare the antibacterial activity, paper disc diffusion assay was performed against two resident bacteria in human skin (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis). Results: As for the total contents of polyphenol and flavonoid, and the electron-donating ability and ABTS+ radical scavenging activity, both PDEE and trypsin-treated Pinus densiflora ethanol extract (T-PDEE) showed high antioxidant activity in dose-dependent manner. And the T-PDEE showed slightly higher activity than PDEE, which indicated protease treatment seemed to affect in antioxidant activity. In the result of paper disc diffusion assay, antibacterial activity was confirmed in all two types of skin resident bacteria. T-PDEE was more active than PDEE and it seems that treatment of protease may increase the antibacterial activity of PDEE. Conclusion: All of these results, we confirmed that treatment of protease to PDEE can increase the antioxidant and antibacterial activities, and it can be explained thought that this would be applicable as a cosmeceutical material in the future.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.213-225
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between Agent Orange exposure and self-reported diseases in Korean Vietnam veterans. Methods: A postal survey of 114 562 Vietnam veterans was conducted. The perceived exposure to Agent Orange was assessed by a 6-item questionnaire. Two proximity-based Agent Orange exposure indices were constructed using division/brigade-level and battalion/ company-level unit information. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for age and other confounders were calculated using a logistic regression model. Results: The prevalence of all self-reported diseases showed monotonically increasing trends as the levels of perceived self-reported exposure increased. The ORs for colon cancer (OR, 1.13), leukemia (OR, 1.56), hypertension (OR, 1.03), peripheral vasculopathy (OR, 1.07), enterocolitis (OR, 1.07), peripheral neuropathy (OR, 1.07), multiple nerve palsy (OR, 1.14), multiple sclerosis (OR, 1.24), skin diseases (OR, 1.05), psychotic diseases (OR, 1.07) and lipidemia (OR, 1.05) were significantly elevated for the high exposure group in the division/brigade-level proximity-based exposure analysis, compared to the low exposure group. The ORs for cerebral infarction (OR, 1.08), chronic bronchitis (OR, 1.05), multiple nerve palsy (OR, 1.07), multiple sclerosis (OR, 1.16), skin diseases (OR, 1.05), and lipidemia (OR, 1.05) were significantly elevated for the high exposure group in the battalion/company-level analysis. Conclusions: Korean Vietnam veterans with high exposure to Agent Orange experienced a higher prevalence of several self-reported chronic diseases compared to those with low exposure by proximity-based exposure assessment. The strong positive associations between perceived self-reported exposure and all self-reported diseases should be evaluated with discretion because the likelihood of reporting diseases was directly related to the perceived intensity of Agent Orange exposure.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.188-199
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• 2005

Purpose: To identify perceived importance and performance frequency of nursing interventions with nursing activities of 5 nursing interventions from the physiological domains of NIC used in the home health care nursing. Method: Five nursing interventions in the physiological domain of NIC were selected based on the previous finding. Data were collected from 85 nurses working in 54 home health care centers between August and October, 2004 using mailing survey(return rates : 41.5%). The questionnaire consisted of 96 nursing activities in 5 interventions with definitions, asking perceived importance and performance frequency of them. Result: Skin surveillance was perceived as the most important($3.52{\pm}0.36$) intervention and also performed most frequently($4.43{\pm}0.45$). All the nursing activities in skin surveillance appeared to be used frequently, which was rated over 4 out of 5 point Likert, while only 4 nursing activities in exercise therapy: joint mobility did. Correlations between perceived importance and performance frequency of 5 interventions were all significant (r=0.591-0.718, p=0.000). Conclusion: Identifying the use of particular interventions and nursing activities will help nurses simplify documentations and to deliver better care to the patients in home health care nursing.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of perception of physical attractiveness and demographic variables on health promoting behavior and appearance management behavior. This study used a questionnaire. The participants were 325 adult women. The results were as follows. As they were younger, their perception of physical attractiveness was more positive, and they were a tendency to manage their appearance with clothing, makeup, skin care, and hair style more active. As they were older, they perceived higher in the mental and physical health promoting behavior. The higher perception of physical attractiveness people had, the higher awareness of mental health promoting behavior they had. Finally, appearance management behaviors such as clothing, cosmetics, and body care were found to have a positive effect on physical health promoting behavior.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.175-180
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• 2014

Wet-work can be defined as activities where workers have to immerse their hands in liquids for >2 hours per shift, or wear waterproof (occlusive) gloves for a corresponding amount of time, or wash their hands >20 times per shift. This review considers the recent literature on wet-work exposure, and examines wet-work as a main risk factor for developing irritant contact dermatitis of the hands. The aim of this paper is to provide a detailed description of wet-work exposure among specific occupational groups who extensively deal with water and other liquids in their occupations. Furthermore, it highlights the extent and importance of the subsequent adverse health effects caused by exposure to wet-work.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.102-112
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• 2024

Background: Despite the rise in the number of domestic indoor climbing gyms, there is a lack of specific hygiene standards and research on the holds installed in them. Holds can act as vectors for microbial transmission through the hands, posing a risk of infectious diseases, especially with damaged skin. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate the contamination level and species of microorganisms on holds according to the management methods practiced in indoor climbing gyms and identify effective strategies for reducing microbial contamination. Methods: We investigated factors that may influence microbial contamination of holds, including hold management methods, user information, and hygiene management at three climbing gyms in Seoul. A total of 72 holds were sampled, 18 for each management method of brushing, high-pressure washing, and ethanol disinfection. Samples were cultured on LB and blood agar at 37℃ for 48 hours to calculate CFUs. PCR assay targeting 16S rRNA was carried out to identify microorganisms. Dunn-Bonferroni was employed to see the microbial reduction effect of the management method and the difference in microbial contamination by management method and climbing gym. Results: As a result of microbial identification, microorganisms such as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Micrococcus, which were derived from various environments such as skin and soil, were discovered on the surface of the climbing hold. Among the discovered microorganisms, some species had potential pathogenic properties that could cause food poisoning, gastrointestinal disease, bacteremia, and sepsis. All hold management methods were effective in reducing microorganisms (p<0.05), with ethanol disinfection being the most effective (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicate that there are potential pathogens on holds that demand thorough management for microbial prevention. Proposed methods include regular brushing and ethanol disinfection in addition to high-pressure washing with long cycles, which are the existing forms of hold management. Further studies on shoe management are advised to curb soil-derived microorganisms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.63-71
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• 2016

Purpose: Skin pH, an indicator of skin health, is maintained by various organic factors, which include lactate, free amino acid (FAA), and free fatty acid (FFA). As skin ages or with illness, skin pH becomes less acidic, and functional food has been developed to maintain the acidic pH of skin. In this study, we determined the dietary effect of green tea extract (GTE) on skin pH of photo-aged mice, as measured by epidermal levels of lactate, FAA, and FFA. The protein expression and activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), an enzyme of pyruvate reduction for lactate generation, was further determined. Methods: Albino hairless mice were fed a control diet (group UV+) or a diet with 1% GTE (group GTE) in parallel with UV irradiation for 10 weeks. A normal control group was fed a control diet without UV irradiation for 10 weeks (group UV-). Results: Skin pH was higher (less acidic) in group UV+ than in group UV-. In parallel, epidermal levels of lactate and FFA, as well as of LDH protein expression and activity, were reduced in group UV+. Dietary supplementation of GTE (group GTE) reduced skin pH to similar to the level of group UV-, and inversely increased epidermal levels of lactate, LDH protein expression and activity, but not of FFA. Although epidermal levels of FAA were similar in groups UV- and UV+, it was increased in group GTE to a level higher than in group UV-. In further analysis of major FFA, epidermal levels of palmitic acid [16:0], oleic acid [18:1(n-9)], and linoleic acid [18:2(n-6), but not of stearic acid [18:0] in group GTE were similar to or lower than those in group UV+. Conclusion: Dietary GTE normalized skin pH with increased levels of lactate and FAA, as well as with increased protein expression and activity of LDH in the epidermis of UVB irradiated hairless mice.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.167-174
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• 2008

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronically relapsing inflammatory skin disease that often has asthma and allergic rhinitis. Magnesium salts, the important component of minerals in Dead Sea water, are known to exhibit beneficial effects in inflammatory disease. Favorable effects of magnesium ions and sea water treated to the skin of patients with contact dermatitis have been reported. But histological and immunological investigations are insufficient. This study was performed to examine the inhibitory effect of magnesium-rich sea mineral water on the development of AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice. AD-like skin lesions are induced by the repeated application of 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). Local application of magnesium-rich sea mineral water on hairless mice skin applied with DNCB inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions as exemplified by a significant increase in skin hydration (p<0.01), and a decrease in epidermal water loss (p<0.01). Serum IgE level was also significantly decreased (p<0.01). These results suggest that magnesium-rich sea mineral water inhibits the development of DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions in hairless mice. These observations indicate that magnesium-rich sea mineral water may be alternative and assistant substances for the management of AD.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.8
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• pp.2375-2378
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• 2010

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.259-260
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• 1979

A calf with an extra fore limb was born alive. The Korean cow was artificially inseminated. It was considered that in embryonic life, a part of fore limb bud was transfered to and developed on the skin of withers region.