• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.410-415
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• 2007

Functional cosmetics are intensively investigated for the effectiveness of skin whitening, anti-aging and slimming. For enhancing the effectiveness, active ingredients should be delivered into the cell in the dermis. The amounts of penetration of caffeine and $Arbutin^{(R)}$ were tested, in vitro, using Franz diffusion cell. Oil-in-water emulsions were used for the vehicles of the transport. For the measuring the amounts of active ingredients delivered into the dermal skin, tape stripping was done after finishing the penetration experiments. The amounts of delivered caffeine were $8.45{\pm}$ 1.26ug/ml before tape stripping and $3.45{\pm}$ 1.80ug/ml after tape stripping, however, the amounts of delivered $Arbutin^{(R)}$ was quite small to detect. From now on, proper vehicles are considered for enhancing the delivery of $Arbutin^{(R)}$ Hairless mouse skin was compared with pig skin as a transdermal delivery membrane. The aspects of delivery were similar, but the amount of delivered ingredients using pig skin was larger than that of using hairless mouse skin. Therefore, the pig skin would be considered as a membrane for drug delivery experiments.

• Journal of Platform Technology
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2022

The effectiveness of an innovative skin treatment system that delivers an anti-aging solution deep into the skin without invasiveness and pain using a non-invasive air technology was investigated. In addition, an effective change using a non-invasive technique for delivering a solution for skin improvement was confirmed. The equipment named Cellre Jet is an effective skin care and drug delivery equipment that instantly opens the skin epidermis by using a maximum output pressure of 6 bars and high-pressure purified oxygen of 75-90% purity to deliver various nano-sized vital substances deep into the skin, and it uses the method of precisely controlling the equipment through an 8-inch digital touch display to accurately dispense the prescribed dosage. In this study, changes in skin condition were analyzed using this equipment and nano ampoules on subjects with actual skin problems through a related comparison and effectiveness judgment program. Through this study, skin care and drug delivery are possible, which will contribute to verifying the effectiveness of this non-invasive drug delivery equipment in the future, and is expected to establish the systematic effect in observing and studying changes in the skin.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2011

The penetration of outside material into skin is not easy. It is since the skin, which is a very hard barrier, protects the body against outside chemical and physical stimulation. Microneedle system which can help improve drug penetration into skin is advancing variously in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) in the field of skin care. After inserting microneedle into skin by using electrical or artificial forces, it makes microhole and drug penetration easily and induces natural skin rejuvenation. Diffusion and penetration of drug by optical and electrical force of microneedle is better for fast and effective TDDS. This is more developed than the traditional method such as the manual stamp, roller, and meso gun. The drug absorbed into dermal layer by microneedle helps revive and repair damaged skin. In the future, utilization of microneedle for skin care will progress constantly because of its human-friendly biodegradable materials and the development of the no pain microneedle.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.181-184
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• 2021

Scars can cause great psychological stress among patients. Currently, there are numerous topical agents, laser and surgical treatments available for skin rejuvenation and scar minimization. Laser-assisted drug delivery (LADD) is a treatment method that increases drug delivery by stimulating the skin physically and chemically to enhance the penetration of topical agents. This is one of the areas of great interest in the treatment of various skin diseases in addition to its use for cosmetic purposes. In particular, LADD is relatively non-invasive and has advantages in terms of accessibility and stability. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is a collagen stimulator known to gradually restore skin volume by inducing inflammation and fibroplasia. Herein, we report a case of treatment of an atrophic scar with fractional carbon dioxide laser-assisted PLLA delivery.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.315-321
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• 1996

It has been indicated that problems associated with insulin iontophoresis are low bioavailability, slow absorption rate and the use of high dosage. Pretreatment of skin as a method of solving these problems was used in alloxan-induced diabetic white rabbits. Skins were treated with skin needle, electric razor, knife razor and scotch tape. Transport data shows that insulin delivery was enhanced significantly by the treatment which disrupt the barrier properties of stratum corneum. The data also shows that insulin absorption lasted for several hours after the cessation of iontophoresis. The degree of skin treatment was estimated by measuring the electrical resistance of skin. When the skins were treated with skin needle and electric razor, the standard deviations of resistance were small, which suggests the possibility of uniform delivery of insulin. The dermal responses after the invasive delivery were evaluated in accordance with OECD Guideline. It seems that electrical resistance of the skin correlate well with the dermal irritation.

• 융복합기술연구소 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.48-51
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• 2011

Transdermal drug delivery device is a method of drug delivery through the skin. Skin has a very large area, so it is attractive route to drug delivery. When drug delivery through the skin, microneedle has a advantage that painless, constant drug deliver and penetration efficient; nevertheless the cost is expensive because fabrication process need a particular equipment and not suitable in mass production. This study shows microneedle fabrication process using convergence of general MEMS process and dicing process that can make 3-D sharp microneedle tip and this fabrication process suitable for mass production.

• Medical Lasers
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2021

Background and Objectives Fractional microneedle radiofrequency systems are popular options to increase elasticity in aging skin. Laser-assisted drug delivery is a promising method for the epidermal injection of topically applied drugs and cosmetic ingredients. This study assesses the safety and efficacy of topical delivery of L-ascorbic acid, vitamin E, and ferulic acid after fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment for reducing photodamage. Materials and Methods In this prospective, single-center, split-face, controlled pilot study, six women (mean age, 48.0 years; range, 35-57 years; Fitzpatrick skin types III and IV) exhibiting mild to moderate photodamage, underwent a single session of fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment. The patients were instructed to apply the antioxidant formulation to only one side of the face. Patients were evaluated 3 days, 7 days, and 4 weeks thereafter, using three-dimensional imaging and ultrasound. Ex vivo, the full-thickness human skin was used for molecular and histological evaluation. Statistical analysis was achieved by applying t-tests, Mann-Whitney U tests, and one-way analyses of variance. Results Compared to the untreated side, the antioxidant-treated side exhibited a significant increase in dermal thickness (10.32% vs. 17.54%, p < 0.05), but not in skin elasticity (4.76% vs. 4.69%, p > 0.05). The difference in erythema between the sides was statistically not significant (p > 0.05). In the ex vivo model, expression of FGF2 in the skin was significantly increased after application of the antioxidant formulation, as compared to results obtained subsequent to fractional microneedle radiofrequency treatment only (p < 0.01). Conclusion This study demonstrates that for the treatment of photodamaged skin, laser-assisted delivery of the antioxidant formulation is a safe and effective adjuvant modality following fractional microneedle radiofrequency.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2010

New biological treatments were being developed at a record place, but their potential could be compromised by a significant obstacle: the delivery of these drugs into a body. Pharmaceutical delivery is now nearly as important as product. New systems are being developed, and Drug Delivery Markets Series cover these new systems. Transdermal Delivery System(TDS) is often used as a method of drug dosage into the epidermic skin. An approach used to delivery drugs through the skin for therapeutic use as an alternative to oral, intravascular, subcutaneous and transmucosal routes. Various transdermal drug delivery technologies are described including the use of suitable formulations, carriers and penetration enhancers. The most commonly used transdermal system is the skin patch using various types of technologies. Compared with other methods of dosage, it is possible to use for a long term. It is also possible to stop the drug dosage are stopped if the drug dosage lead to side effect. Polysaccharides, such as karaya gum and glucomannan, were selected as base materials of TDS. Also, these polymers were characterized in terms of enhancers, drug contents. Among these polysaccharide, the permeation rate of karaya gum matrix was fastest in fibric acid(ciprofibrate) such as lipophilic drug in vitro. We used glycerin, PEG400 and PEG800 as enhancers. Since dermis has more water content(hydration) than the stratum corneum, skin permeation rate at steady state was highly influenced when PEG400 was more effective for lipophilic drug. Proper selection of the polymeric materials which resemble and enhance properties of the delivering drug was found to be important in controlling the skin permeation rate. Especially, this result suggests a possible use of polysaccharide gel ointment matrix as a transdermal delivery system of anti-hyperlipoproteinemic agent.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.347-351
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• 1995

Antisense phosphorothioate oligodeoxynucleotide(PS-ODN) against $TGF-{\beta}$ was developed as scar formation inhibitor. The scar was caused collagen deposition due to overexpression of $TGF-{\beta}$ in wounded skin. The percutaneous absorption of partially modified PS-ODN(25 mer) was investigated for the purpose of its effective delivery. Though PS-ODN has high molecular weight (MW=8,000) and polyanionic charge, it was permeated through skin. The skin permeation of PS-ODN was markedly increased by the removal of stratum corneum and dermis. Moreover, the skin permeation of PS-ODN was decreased in the following order; hairless mouse skin>rat skin>human cadaver skin. Thus, PS-ODN represents a logical candidate for further evalution due to the potential for delivery into the wounded skin.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.325-329
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• 2008

To enhance the skin delivery of genistein (GT), a soybean isoflavone having anti oxidative activity, comparative formulation studies including liposomes were carried out. GT-loaded conventional and elastic liposomal gel showed the enhanced skin deposition and photoprotection effect as well, in comparison to GT suspension. Elastic liposomes composed of soybean phosphatidylcholine and sodium deoxycholate (85:15, w/w%) were superior to conventional liposomes and were of characteristics as follows: about 130 nm in size; 85% encapsulation efficiency of GT; 5.8% skin deposition of applied dose; 40% inhibition effect on UVB-induced $H_2O_2$ production. Photoprotection effect was closely related to skin deposition of GT. In conclusion, it is possible to suggest that elastic liposomes could be a promising nanocarrier system for efficient skin delivery.