• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.223-227
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• 2006

Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is clinically characterized by pain, abnormal regulation of blood flow and sweating, edema of skin and subcutaneous tissues, sensory and motor disturbances, and trophic changes of the skin. A 21-year-old man was suffering from pain and swelling in his right hand and forearm. His arm had been in splints for 3 weeks following an extension injury of the right fingers and wrist, with the pain having developed 2 weeks after the splinting. He was treated with various nerve blocks including continuous epidural infusion, thoracic sympathetic block and peripheral nerve blocks, and squeezing his edematous region under general anesthesia as well as intravenous lidocaine and ketamine infusions. However, all of the performed treatments had no effect on the patient's pain or hand swelling. As a next line therapy, spinal cord stimulation should be considered because of intractable severe pain and swelling to almost all other modalities of therapy. We therefore performed an early intervention of spinal cord stimulation for the patient with refractory CRPS type I 5 months after the onset of pain and have got an excellent result.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2022

Background : Lymphedema is a progressive disorder characterized by the impairment of lymph flow from tissues to the blood circulation system. This occurs as a result of damage to the lymphatic system. Complex decongestive therapy (CDT) is a multimodal, conservative therapeutic approach that is used for the management of lymphedema. CDT consists of a combination of compression therapy, manual lymphatic drainage, exercise, and skin care. Purpose : This study aimed to provide a review of available physical therapy interventions as well as general care guidelines for patients with lymphedema. Methods : The recommendations and guidelines for physical therapy management, medical management, and general information were reviewed from the following sources: 1) The American Physical Therapy Association, 2) The Norton School of Lymphatic Therapy, and 3) The International Society of Lymphology. This review contains general information, including the medical management and the importance of physical therapy in lymphedema. Physical therapy management should be based on an assessment of the patients' presenting impairments, including based on inclusion or exclusion of physical therapy interventions. This review also outlines a step-by-step approach that starts with disease diagnosis and progression all the way through to rehabilitation as an outpatient. Conclusion : Depending on the patients' journey to recovery and the requirement for rehabilitation, physical therapy interventions should focus on the patients' needs including pain, appearance, physical function and general rehabilitation. We hope that this review will provide information on evidence-based physical therapy and general care to patients with lymphedema.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 2008

This report describes 46 studies related to the use of Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii main blended prescriptions from Dongeuibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that use Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii as a key ingredient. 1. 19.6% of feces recorded the largest number of clinical frequency of the prescriptions in therapeutic use when Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii was taken as a monarch drug in prescriptions. In addition, 13.0% of each of a cough and an abdominal mass with distention and pain ranked second. 2. Prescriptions that utilize Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii as the main ingredient are used in the treatmeant of 5 diseases related to each of feces and an abdominal mass with distention and pain, and they are also used for treating different types of diseases related to the following ; a cough, a chest, ribs, eyes, the fullness in the chest, Qi, skin areas. 3. In the view of the causative agent of a disease, the prescriptions which are compounded with Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii as a monarch drug are related to endogenous agents such as seven emotion, food, deficiency, exogenous agents such as wind-cold pathogen, heat and non-endo-exopathogcnic factors like diseases due to external factors, poison. And in the view of the pathology of a disease, they are applied to the viscera pathology related to the lung, the spleen and stomach, the pathology of Qi and blood related to the reversed flow of Qi, the congestion of Qi, the deficiency of blood, the obstruction of Qi and blood, and the pathology about the retention of phlegm and fluid related to phlegm stagnation. 4. The dosage of Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii is 1.25pun(about 0,47g) to 2jeon(about 7.5g), however 1jeon(about 3.75g) has been taken the most for clinical application. 5. We can find out that according to herbs or prescriptions blended with itself, Fructus Ponciri Seu Aurantii makes a variety of functions to penetrate and remove stagnation, regulate Qi flow, relieve stagnation, expell wind and get rid of pain.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.450-464
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• 2023

Pulse oximetry, a non-invasive technique for evaluating blood oxygen saturation, conventionally depends on isolated measurements, rendering it vulnerable to factors like illumination profile, spatial blood flow fluctuations, and skin pigmentation. Previous efforts to address these issues through imaging systems often employed red and near-infrared illuminations with distinct profiles, leading to inconsistent ratios of transmitted light and the potential for errors in calculating spatial oxygen saturation distributions. While an integrating sphere was recently utilized as an illumination source to achieve uniform red and near-infrared illumination profiles on the sample surface, its bulkiness presented practical challenges. In this work, we have enhanced the pulse oximetry imaging system by transitioning illumination from an integrating sphere to a multi-wavelength LED configuration. This adjustment ensures simultaneous emission of red and near-infrared light from the same position, creating a homogeneous illumination profile on the sample surface. This approach guarantees consistent patterns of red and near-infrared illuminations that are spatially uniform. The sustained ratio between transmitted red and near-infrared light across space enables precise calculation of the spatial distribution of oxygen saturation, making our pulse oximetry imaging system more compact and portable without compromising accuracy. Our work significantly contributes to obtaining spatial information on blood oxygen saturation, providing valuable insights into tissue oxygenation in peripheral regions.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.487-494
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• 2014

This study investigates thermoregulatory behaviors of obese children for their thermal comfort. Nine normal-weight children (NWC) and nine obese children (OC) participated in the study. All subjects were fourth-graders and sixth-graders in elementary school. An informed consent form was obtained from each child and his or her mother. The questionnaire method was used, and the experiment was conducted to determine the preferred amount of clothing at $17^{\circ}C$ and the preferred temperature at $33^{\circ}C$. According to the results, OC were more susceptible to heat than NWC, whereas there was no significant difference in their susceptibility to cold. There were no significant differences of the oral temperature and the mean skin temperature between the two groups, but changes in forearm blood flow were less in OC than in NWC. There was no significant difference in the preferred amount of clothing between OC and NWC, and the preferred temperature was higher in NWC than in OC. The results based on the questionnaire are consistent with those based on the experiment. A compositive study of physical exercise, eating behavior, and wearing behavior should be useful for developing programs for preventing and treating obese children.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.208-211
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• 2019

Diabetic foot ulcers can progress to the point where amputation is needed, and so these ulcers require active treatment. Skin grafts or flaps can be performed for coverage of this type of ulcer. Local flap surgery is relatively easy to perform and good results have been previously reported. We performed single-lobed rotation flap on 5 cases of forefoot ulcer around the site of weight bearing. The location of the foot ulcers was the medial part of the first metatarsophalangeal joint in all the patients. The mean size of the defect was 4.70 ㎠. Managing of ulcers, controlling of diabetes and infection, and improving of peripheral blood flow were performed before surgery. In two cases, infection progressed to the articular cartilage and so metatarsophalangeal joint fusions were performed simultaneously. All the cases were completely transplanted. There was no recurrence of the ulcers, and all the patients were able to walk.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권10호
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• pp.1745-1753
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• 2001

본 연구는 한랭 환경 하에서의 인체의 국소 가온 자극이 생리, 감각반응에 끼치는 영향을 검토했다. 건강한 성인여자 7명을 대상으로, 기온 $25^{\circ}C$, 습도50%의 환경 하에서 균일한 국소 가온을 부하 했을 때 피부온, 고막온, 손가락, 발가락 혈류량, 온냉감, 쾌적감의 반응에 미치는 영향을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 국소가온에 의해 가온 부위 피부온은 유의하게 상승하고 가온 부위에 따라 상승도에는 유의한 차가 보였다. 2) 국소가온에 의해 고막온은 머리의 가온 시에 높은 상승, 전완의 가온 시에 상승하고, 다른 가온 부위에서는 하강의 경향이 보였다. 3) 국소가온에 의해 혈류량의 변화는 3개의 군으로 분류된다. 가온과 함께 손가락 혈류량이 증가하는 군, 발가락 혈류량이 변화하는 군, 양쪽의 혈류량이 적게 변화하는 군으로 나누어진다. 이것을 각 피험자의 평균 피부온 수준 즉 체온조절 수준과 관계 있는 것으로 논할 수 있다 4)국소 가온에 의해 각 부 위 피부온으로의 파급효과는 머리, 상완의 가온 시에 크지만 대퇴, 하퇴 다리의 가온 시에는 대부분의 부위에서 영향이 보이지는 않았다. 5) 이와 같이 국소 가온에 의 한 생리, 감각반응은 가온 부위에 따라 다르고 머리, 상완의 가온 시에는 생리반응이 크고 하퇴, 다리의 가온시에는 국소의 감각변화가 컸다.

• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.181-185
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• 2019

Intraosseous hemangioma is a rare, slow-growing, benign tumor of blood vessels. Primary hemangioma of the skull is a benign lesion that may appear as a palpable mass or accidentally detected during image evaluation. Simple radiography is the most commonly used technique to localize a lesion and computed tomography (CT) may help determine the effect of a lesion. We report a case of multifocal intraosseous calvarial hemangioma developed in the subgaleal plane of an elderly male patient. Ultrasonography examination revealed hyperechoic striated septae parallel to the skin and discontinuity of the focal cortex, however, the underlying bone cortex appeared relatively intact. No significant flow is observed on Doppler ultrasonography. Based on these evaluations, the mass was interpreted by a radiologist as a subgaleal lipoma. This case highlights the importance of additional CT examination in a patient presenting with a scalloping sign of the underlying calvarium. Clinicians also should be aware of the possibility of intraosseous calvarial hemangiomas in lesion. Furthermore, the proper choice of congenital vascular malformation term is still quite confusing with misconception present in the literature.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.782-784
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• 2022

Diabetic foot ulcers are a severe complication of diabetes, and their management requires a multidisciplinary approach for optimal management. When treating these ulcers, limb salvage remains the ultimate goal. In this article, we present the "hanging" free flap for the reconstruction of chronic lower extremity diabetic ulcers. This two-staged approach involves standard free flap harvest and inset; however, following inset the "hanging" pedicle is covered within a skin graft instead of making extraneous incisions within the undisturbed soft tissues or tunnels that can compress the vessels. After incorporation, a second-stage surgery is performed in 4 to 6 weeks which entails pedicle division, flap inset revision, and end-to-end reconstruction of the recipient vessel. Besides decreasing the number of incisions on diabetic patients, our novel technique utilizing the "hanging" pedicle simplifies flap monitoring and inset and allows reconstruction of recipient vessels to reestablish distal blood flow.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2023

An aging population and changes in dietary habits have increased the incidence of diabetes, resulting in complications such as diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs). DFUs can lead to serious disabilities, substantial reductions in patient quality of life, and high financial costs for society. By understanding the etiology and pathophysiology of DFUs, their occurrence can be prevented and managed more effectively. The pathophysiology of DFUs involves metabolic dysfunction, diabetic immunopathy, diabetic neuropathy, and angiopathy. The processes by which hyperglycemia causes peripheral nerve damage are related to adenosine triphosphate deficiency, the polyol pathway, oxidative stress, protein kinase C activity, and proinflammatory processes. In the context of hyperglycemia, the suppression of endothelial nitric oxide production leads to microcirculation atherosclerosis, heightened inflammation, and abnormal intimal growth. Diabetic neuropathy involves sensory, motor, and autonomic neuropathies. The interaction between these neuropathies forms a callus that leads to subcutaneous hemorrhage and skin ulcers. Hyperglycemia causes peripheral vascular changes that result in endothelial cell dysfunction and decreased vasodilator secretion, leading to ischemia. The interplay among these four preceding pathophysiological factors fosters the development and progression of infections in individuals with diabetes. Charcot neuroarthropathy is a chronic and progressive degenerative arthropathy characterized by heightened blood flow, increased calcium dissolution, and repeated minor trauma to insensate joints. Directly and comprehensively addressing the pathogenesis of DFUs could pave the way for the development of innovative treatment approaches with the potential to avoid the most serious complications, including major amputations.