• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.486-492
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• 2013

Recently, a new disease showing symptoms such as epidermal exfoliation and muscular necrosis occurred in cultured Korean catfish. Although the mortality of fishes was low but the economic damages owing to loss of commercial value were severe. The authors isolated the causative agent from diseased fish and observed pathological changes both in naturally and artificially infected fish. The causative bacteria was identified as Aeromonas veronii. Subsequently we observed the daily death and pathological symptoms of artificially infected fish with Aeromonas veronii. Symptoms of artificially infected fish were similar to those of naturally infected fish and all fish died within 7 days after infection. Histopathological changes on the naturally infected fish revealed severe congestion and necrotic degeneration in the liver, spleen and kidney. Some bacterial aggregates with inflammatory degeneration were observed in the heart, and congestion and fibrosis in the lamina propria of digestive tube were predominant. In artificially infected fish, skin erosion and necrotic degeneration of muscle tissue around injected region were particularly manifested. Degeneration of hepatocytes in liver and hyalic degeneration around ellipsoids in spleen were partially observed. However, there were no predominant signs in digestive tube in artificially infected fish.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

Purpose: $Allevyn^{(R)}$(Smith & Nephew, England) is a type of polyurethane foam material with good wound discharge absorption. $Acticoat^{(R)}$(Smith & Nephew, England) is a silver coated dressing material which is effective in infected wound. The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of dry gauze, $Acticoat^{(R)}$ and $Allevyn^{(R)}$ on infected full-thickness wound healing in rat. Methods: One hundred and twenty rats were divided into 3 groups: group I(dressing with dry gauze, n=40), group II(dressing with $Allevyn^{(R)}$, n=40), group III(dressing with $Acticoat^{(R)}$, n=40). A $15{\times}15mm$ square full-thickness wound was made on the dorsum and left open for 24 hours. The size of wound defects were measured each dressing changes. The histological evaluation was performed on the 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, 21th day. Results: After the wound was left open for 24 hours, typical findings of bacterial infection was observed. After the 7th day, group III showed larger area of epithelialization, smaller defect size compared to those of two other groups. Complete replacement by fibrotic scar tissue was observed in group III with no signs of inflammation on the 14th day. By day 21, the average defect size in group III was decreased from initial 100% to 3.63%. while in group I and II, it was decreased to 62.66% and 53.62%, respectively. Conclusion: $Acticoat^{(R)}$ is an effective tool in the treatment of infected wound.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.237-241
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• 2003

A case of juvenile onset generalized demodicosis of one year old, intact female Japanese Chin dog weighing 3.1kg was presented to the Small Animal Clinic of the College of Veterinary Medicine of Kyungpook National University. The diagnosis was made based on the physical examination, deep skin scrapings, hematology, serum chemistry, endocrinologic evaluation and bacterial culture. Numerous D. canis mites of various stages were observed in multiple skin scraping samples. CBC, serum chemistry, $T_3$, $T_4$ and free $T_4$ values were within normal range and Staphylococcus intermedius was isolated in bacterial culture of pustules. The dog was healthy other than skin lesions at the presentation. The three different treatment protocols were tried for the case. No clinical improvement was observed during 13 weeks of orally given daily basis ivermectin therapy at 600ug/kg and 2 weeks of spot-on weekly basis selamectin therapy at 30 mg/kg with cephalexin given orally twice a day at 25 mg/kg. However, a remarkable remission was seen by 0.1% amitraz dip on weekly basis with 4% chlorhexidine bath given twice a week. The secondary staphylococcal infection and accompanied pruritus was almost disappeared in two weeks and she was recovered clinically normal in 9 weeks of therapy. The therapy was continued for 4 more weeks to prevent relapse. The dog is clinically normal and being monitored for development of any abnormal dermatological signs for the time being.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.240-247
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• 2011

Purpose: The rationale for skin surface cultures is that bacterial colonization precedes infection and, as a result, that identification of a potential pathogen is predictive of later systemic infection in preterm infants. We aimed to analyze results of surveillance surface cultures in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and seek for effective ways of performing surveillance surface cultures. Methods: We analyzed the surveillance surface cultures of 113 ELBW infants over a 4-year period. Surveillance cultures were obtained routinely from five sites: axilla, external ear canal, nasopharynx, throat (or tracheal aspirate if intubated) and anus. Each surface culture obtained during the 13 days, prior to the date of the blood culture, was compared with the blood culture obtained when sepsis was suspected. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value (PPV) of the surveillance cultures were calculated among 1894 blood-surface culture pairs by surface sites, recovered organisms and interval between surveillance samples and blood cultures. Results: The overall sensitivity, specificity and PPV of surface cultures were 45.9, 22.4 and 6.8%, respectively. The PPV was highest for the throat/tracheal cultures (11.0%) and lowest for the anal cultures (2.3%). As the time of culturing progressed toward the day of blood culturing, the sensitivity and specificity of the surface cultures significantly increased. Only axillary and throat/tracheal cultures were useful in predicting the microorganisms causing sepsis. Conclusion: Surface cultures could help to predict sepsis pathogens and infection surveillance in preterm infants could be continued with a reduced number of cultured sites focusing on the axilla and throat/trachea.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.178-185
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• 2005

Purpose : Ocular adnexal and orbital infections are broadly divided into preseptal(periorbital) and postseptal(orbital) cellulitis by orbital septum. In this study, we investigated the difference between periorbital and orbital cellulitis regarding their pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, treatments, and prognosis. Methods : We reviewed medical records of 50 cases who were hospitalized in the Severance hospital due to orbital cellulitis from May 1995 to April 2004. Results : There were 32 males and 18 females. The mean age was $3.2{\pm}3.5$ year. According to the result of orbital computerized tomography, 36 cases were periorbital cellulitis, 10 cases orbital cellulitis and 4 cases not diagnosed. The clinical manifestations of periorbital cellulitis are periorbital swelling(100%), fever(19%), orbital pain(6%), and chemosis(22%). On the other hand, those of orbital cellulitis are periorbital swelling(100%), fever(80%), orbital pain(60%), proptosis(20%), chemosis(70%) and limitation of eye movement(20%). The etiologies of periorbital cellulitis are sinusitis(14%), upper respiratory infection(8%), conjunctivitis (19%), skin wound(14%) and unknown(44%). The etiologies of orbital cellulitis are sinusitis (50%), upper respiratory infection(20%), and unknown(30%). The first line antibiotics used in the majority of cases were combinations of cefoxitin+aminoglycoside. 5 patients with orbital cellulitis taking cefoxitin+aminoglycoside had to change the medication into vancomycin or clindamycin. 3 patients with orbital cellulitis underwent operation while 1 patient developed bacterial meningitis. Conclusion : According to invasion of orbit, ocular adnexal and orbital infections are quite different in their pathogenesis, treatment and prognosis. As atypical cases may confound the diagnosis, prompt orbital computerized tomography is required for an accurate diagnosis.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1007-1015
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• 2002

Purpose : The aim of this study is to find a method to diagnose and treat children who showed benign hemophagocytic histiocytes in bone marrow examination. Methods : We analyzed the clinical data of thirty patients retrospectively who showed benign hemophagocytic histiocytes in bone marrow examination from January 1995 to November 2001 at Keimyung University Dong-san Hospital. Bone marrow histiocytes were classified into a few, some, and many according to the number of histiocytes comparing with the white cells. Results : The age of thirty patients ranged from two months to 15 years. The median age was 5.6 years with male predominance(2.3 : 1). The most frequent clinical manifestation was fever; others were respiratory symptom, hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and skin rash(in order of frequency). Common laboratory findings were leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, anemia and abnormal liver function test. Infection was present in 30 patients; causative organisms were documented in 15 patients, and bacterial infection was more common. Epstein Barr virus was the cause of infection in four patients. Bone marrow examination showed a few(20.0%), some(75.0%) and many(30.0%) hemophagocytic histiocytes. Combination immunochemotherapy including immunoglobulin, steroids and cyclosporine were helpful in 22 out of 30 patients. The mortality rate was high in young patients who showed some to many hemophagocytic histiocytes. Conclusion : Bone marrow examinations and early detection of histiocytes will be helpful in children who have fever, hepatosplenomegaly and abnormal liver function test. Immunochemotherapy were helpful and further investigation will be needed for the detection of the relationship between the bone marrow findings and prognosis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.455-460
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• 2017

Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), an extremely severe acute hypersensitivity reaction, causes extensive necrosis on the skin and the mucous membrane. SJS is a disease of unknown cause that can occur in all age groups. It is thought to be caused by drug allergy or induced by bacterial infection. Epidermal surface invasion of less than 10 percent is called SJS, and invasion of more than 30 percent is called toxic epidermal necrolysis. Although it is rare with an incidence of 1 - 2 cases per million people per year, it has effects on tooth development and therefore on children who are in a growth phase. The purpose of this case report is to examine the effect of SJS on tooth development in children. In general, eruption of the upper and lower 1st molars and lower central incisors starts at 6 - 7 years of age. Root development also occurs at this time. In the case reported here, SJS occurred in a 6-year-old patient. Although the patient's SJS was completely cured, he still suffers from aftereffects. Developmental abnormalities in the patient's teeth were observed only in teeth for which root development had been completed at the time. The purpose of this case report is to illustrate how to diagnose such systemic diseases by intra-oral features and to recognize and resolve tooth development problems associated with the disease.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.468-472
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• 2007

The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is an inherited immunodeficiency caused by a variety of mutations in the gene encoding the WAS protein (WASp). First described in 1937 by Wiskott, the incidence of WAS has so far been estimated at 4 in 106 live births. The Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome is an X-linked condition characterized by 1) an increased tendency to bleed caused by a reduced number of platelets, 2) recurrent bacterial, viral and fungal infections, and 3) eczema of the skin. The purpose of this report is to present cases highlighting the clinical features of the syndrome and the required considerations in the treatment of patients. The report consists of two particular cases: a 2-year-11-month-old boy seen for a routine oral examination prior to his bone marrow transplantation and a 2-year-6-month-old boy with herpes gingivostomatitis and teeth discoloration.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.56-59
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• 2005

An about 5-month-old, female rabbit was presented with pruritus, alopecia and mucopurulent ocular discharge. On physical examination mild to moderate scales on whole body were observed. Dermatological lesions such as alopecia, erythema, papules, pustules and crusts were observed in the eyelids, nose, inner pinna, medial sites of four feet, metacarpal and metatarsal areas, and cranial site of left stifle joint. Also, mild conjunctivitis, blepharitis and keratitis were found. For extensive dermatologic diagnostic evaluation skin scraping, tape stripping, impression smear, combing, wood' light, bacterial culture and fungal culture were performed. Finally, Cheyletiella spp. was found by combing. Many heterophils and eosinophills were appeared in impression smear. The result of fungal culture was negative. Pasteurella spp was cultured. Definitive diagnosis of Cheyletiellosis and secondary Pasteurella spp infection were established. The rabbit was treated with 6 mg/kg of selamectin topically every two weeks and restricted in cage for one month. During one month of initial treatment, clinical signs such as pruritus, alopecia, scales, papules, pustules and crusts were remarkably improved. However, in spite of good therapeutic response of selamectin the rabbit was dead suddenly at 22 days after second administration of selamectin. This case showed that selamectin was possibly effective for cheyletiellosis in rabbit; safety of selamectin for rabbit was not identified.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.185-199
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• 2021

Vibriosis is an important septicemic bacterial disease that affects a variety of commercial fish species, including cultured Dicentrarchus labrax. Nanotechnology has become an important modern tool for fish diseases prevention. Furthermore, nanomaterials have the ability to prevent and treat fish diseases. The current study was aimed to identify the causative agent of massive mortality of D. labrax commercial farm in Alexandria, Egypt. Experimental infection and the median lethal dose (LD50) of pathogenic isolate were assessed. Also, the effect of ginger nanoparticles (GNPs) and Sacchromyces cerevisiae as feed additives for prevention of vibriosis in D. labrax was carried out. Similarly, the tissue immunstimulant genes, IL-1β and TLR2 were measured in the spleen of feeding groups. The clinical signs of naturally diseased D. labrax showed corneal opacity and paleness of gills with excessive mucous secretion. The post-mortem abnormalities were severe hemorrhage and adhesion of internal organs. After bacteriological isolation and identification, the causative agent of mortality in the current study was Vibrio alginolyticus. The LD₅₀ of V. alginolyticus was 1.5×10^5.4 CFU/ml. The experimentally infected D. labrax showed ulceration, exophthalmia and skin hemorrhages. The post-mortem findings of the experimentally infected D. labrax revealed internal hemorrhage, spleen darkness and paleness of liver. There is no mortality and 100% RPS in groups fed GNPs then injected with V. alginolyticus, in those fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae and a group fed normal diet then injected with physiological saline (control negative), respectively. Contrarily, there was 10% mortality and 87.5 RPS in the group fed S. cerevisae then injected with V. alginolyticus. On the other hand, the control positive group showed 79% mortality. The spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes were significantly increased in groups of fish fed GNNP, S. cerevisiae and a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, respectively compared to control group. The highest stimulation of those immunostimulant genes was found in the group fed a combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae, while fish fed S. cerevisiae had the lowest level. Dietary combination of GNPs and S. cerevisiae was shown to be efficient in preventing of vibriosis, with greatest stimulation of spleen IL-1β and TLR2 immunostimulant genes.