• 한국보육지원학회지
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.19-41
• /
• 2017

Objective: This study aimed to provide policy implications by studying the class size of early childhood education institutes. Methods: By looking through researches, the educational influence of class size was examined. By using the latest statistical data, class size standard and status were compared. After class size perception in the field was considered and the main results of advanced researches were summarized and analyzed, the actual condition of class size was diagnosed. Furthermore, the national research trend was analyzed. Results: First, class size was an influencing factor on young children and teachers and its importance was reconfirmed. Second, as for standard in relation to class size in Korea, the maximum class size and teacher-child ratio were not presented together. In respect of overseas standards, infancy has similar standards, but early childhood has a little higher ratio. In the educational fields, there was growing awareness that class size should be modified. Third, there were not enough domestic researches on class size and they tended to be biased in terms of the method, targets, and contents. Conclusion/Implications: It is suggested that it is necessary to establish a class size policy for future early childhood education institutes, to implement a system, and to perform follow-up studies.

• 한국의류산업학회지
• /
• 제15권3호
• /
• pp.423-429
• /
• 2013

This study helps out-size consumers purchase tops and improve the fitness of unde-weight women in their 20s-30s and by the establishment of a size system. The criteria for subjects in this study were those under 18.5($kg/m^2$) of the BMI; subsequently, a total of 233 females were enrolled. The results were: First, the nominal size for female adult formal dress suggested by the KS standard is suggested in 20 sections. The sections for underweight women are 7, (34 women who accounted for 14.59% out of 233 in total). The cover efficiency was 2.08% (which was very low). Second, tests showed that the average difference between the reference part body size of 7 sections for underweight women in the normal size section of bust cir.- hip cir.- height, and KS standard, waist cir. among reference sizes was rather small in the case of a nominal size for long height. Therefore, there is a significant difference with size in the KS standard and a sizing system proven improper for underweight woman. Third, the basic body sizes and reference body sizes were different due to the size system establishment according to measurements of underweight subjects. The research findings suggest that it is necessary to understand underweight types according to bust girth and hip girth sizes that represent basic sizes as well as to design patterns that consider the underweight body shape characteristics when women's tops are designed.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
• /
• 제27권5호
• /
• pp.531-539
• /
• 2015

잔골재 표준입도를 고려하여 조파쇄 바텀애시를 혼입한 일반강도 모르타르의 성능을 실험적으로 분석하였다. 비교군으로서, 파쇄하지 않은 일반 바텀애시를 천연잔골재와 단순 치환하여 사용하였다. 바텀애시를 결합재와 일반 잔골재 사이의 입도를 갖도록 굵게 파쇄할 경우, 입자의 흡수율 및 표건상태 비중이 일반 잔골재 수준으로 조절되었다. 잔골재 표준입도를 고려해 조파쇄 바텀애시를 혼입하는 방법은, 바텀애시 원재료를 일반 잔골재와 단순 치환하던 기존의 배합방법에서 발생하던 모르타르의 유동성 감소 및 강도 감소를 동시에 막을 수 있는 해법이 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 조파쇄 바텀애시를 30% 이내로 모르타르에 혼입할 경우, 모르타르의 동탄성계수 및 건조수축은 일반골재 모르타르에 비해 크게 변화하지 않았다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제18권7호
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2001

This study describes the precision control of the torque standard machine using a self-tuning fuzzy controller. The torque standard machine should generate the accurate torque for calibrating a torque sensor. In order to reduce the relative expanded uncertainty of the torque standard machine, when a weight is hanged to the end of the torque arm for generating the torque, the sloped torque arm should be accurately controlled to the horizontal level. If the slope of the torque arm is larger from the inaccurate control, the uncertainty of the torque standard machine due to control will be larger. This applies the inaccurate torque to a torque sensor to calibrate, and the measuring error of the torque sensor generate from it. Therefore the torque arm of the torque standard machine is accurately controlled. In this paper, the self-tuning fuzzy controller was designed using a fuzzy theory, and the torque arm of the torque standard machine was accurately controlled. The control gain of the fuzzy controller, that is the membership function size of the error, the membership function size of the error change and the membership function size of the controller were determined from the self-tuning. The control results of the torque standard machine were the overshoot within 0.0076mm, the rise time within 16.70sec and the steady state error within 0.0076mm.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국디지털정책학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회
• /
• pp.127-143
• /
• 2007

As the informationized society develops, for companies to be industrially competitive in global competition, innovation of business administration through informationization is a nation-wide task that must be driven. Small-to-mid size companies also tend to recognize the need for informationization and build the information systems, improving their informationization levels. To reduce errors in bringing in and running the information systems and increase efficiency In using them, the need for the standard and guide for informationization in small-to-mid size companies has increased. Accordingly, the national office of small and medium business administration has developed the informationized management system (IMS) certification standard in order to provide a national motive to secure the means for management innovation of small-to-mid size companies and have them recognize informationization as a business strategy. Now, there arises the need for the IMS certification standard, which was developed in early 2000, due to changes in environments of small-and-medium businesses and problems that have been revealed in field applications. In this research, we have examined the current situations of informationization in small-and-medium businesses that were revealed by the 2005 survey on the levels of informationization in small and medium business, have drawn the problems that have occurred in the process of applying the IMS in many small-to-mid size companies, have devised the measures against those problems, and have proposed a new IMS certification standard that reflects those measures. This research has proposed only the direction for development of the IMS certification standard. Future researches should deal with detailed items and criteria for evaluation and continuous improvement of them.

• 노동경제논집
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.25-48
• /
• 2006

본고는 2003년 사업체근로실태조사 자료를 사용하여 사업체의 고정효과를 통제한 후 정규-비정규근로자의 임금격차를 추정한다. 사업체의 고정효과를 통제하면 정규-비정규근로자의 임금격차는 통제하기 전보다 매우 커진다. 사업체 고유의 이질성(heterogeneity)을 통제한 후 노동조합이 없는 사업체에 근무하는 남자 정규-비정규근로자의 임금격차(within-establishments wage differential)는 20.7%로 매우 크지만, 저임금 사업체의 정규근로자 임금보다 고임금 사업체의 비정규근로자 임금이 더 높아 모든 사업체에 걸쳐 평균적인 임금격차는 6.8%로 축소된다. 이 20.7%와 6.8%의 차이는 사업체간 임금격차(between-establishments wage differential)를 반영한다. 노동조합이 있는 사업체에 근무하는 남자 정규-비정규근로자의 임금격차는 21.8%로 확대된다. 이 임금격차가 가장 심각한 곳은 노동조합이 없는 300인 이상 대규모 사업체로 남자의 경우 무려 35.9%에 달한다. 노동조합이 있는 대규모 사업체에서는 이 임금격차가 25.8%로 축소된다. 본고는 추가적으로 비정규근로자가 될 확률을 추정한다. 남자의 경우는 노동조합이 있는 중소규모 사업체의 근로자가 노동조합이 없는 중소규모 사업체의 근로자보다 비정규근로자가 될 확률이 6.0%포인트 더 높고, 여자의 경우는 20.7%포인트 더 높다. 그러나 노조와 대규모 사업체의 교차항의 추정 계수는 남녀 모두 음의 부호를 가진다. 남자의 경우는 대규모 사업체가 노동 조합의 효과를 7.3%포인트 낮추고 여자의 경우는 16.0%포인트 낮춘다. 위의 분석으로부터 노동조합의 역할과 이에 대한 사용자의 대응방식을 확인할 수 있다. 노동조합은 정규근로자를 보호하고 이들의 임금을 높이지만 이에 대응하여 사용자는 가급적 비정규근로자를 고용하고 그들의 임금을 낮추어 고용유연성을 높이는 동시에 비용절감을 시도하고 있는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 대규모 사업체의 노동조합은 비정규근로자의 고용을 억제하고 있는 것으로 보이며 나아가 남자의 경우는 정규근로자의 채용을 관철시키고 있는 것으로 보이고, 비정규근로자의 임금을 높여 사업체의 특성을 통제한 후의 정규 비정규 임금격차를 부분적으로 완화하고 있는 것으로 보인다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study was to estimate the effect of serving sizes on dish wastes, nutrient intake, and diet satisfaction for reduction of dish waste products. The dish waste, energy and protein intake, and satisfaction scores before and after dining were compared in 44 subjects fed various serving sizes(100%, 90%, 80% of standard size) of 10 frequently consumed Korean dishes. The result are as follows: 1. Average age, height, and weight of 44 subjects were 30.5, 174.0cm, and 68.1kg in men and 26.2, 164.2cm, and 53.5kg in women, respectively. 2. There was a significant difference in the dish waste rate of 10 Korean dishes to serving sizes. The range of dish waste rates of 10 Korean dishes was 13.14-33.04%. 3. The average energy intake from 10 Korean dishes in which 100% of the standard serving size was served was lower than Korean RDA. Protein intakes from Sulungtang, Yukgaejang, Deunjang-ggigae, and Bibimpab with 100% servins size, Soondubi-ggigae 90% servins size, and Galbitang, Bulgogi-bakpan, Sangsungui-bakpan, Bakpan 80% of standard serving size were higher than Korean RDA. 4. The satisfaction score before dining on Sulungtang, Bulgogi-bakpan, Sangsungui-bakpan decreased with decreasing serving size. However, there was no significant difference in satisfaction score after dining to serving size. These findings indicate that dish waste rate and diet satisfaction of 10 these Korean dishes are fixed and energy intake is insufficient. Therefore, for reduction of food waste and reasonable serving size of dishes evaluated in this study, there should be more studies about Korean menu development with decreasing serving size and increasing energy density.

• 경영과학
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.53-66
• /
• 1997

Generally, the standard sizes of military combat fatigues should be determined by considering the coverage rate in order to minimize the military personnel who can't put on the ready made military combat fatigues. The coverage rate should be increased by the longer interval of the standard size but the satisfactory rate will be decreased due to the longer interval of size. This study develops a method selecting optimal standard sizes of the military combat fatigues in order to maximize the satisfactory rate that insures the coverage rate to meet a given level for ready made military combat fatigues. This method selects candidate standard sizes at second and finally, establishes a 0-1 inter programming model. The result shows that the method increases both coverage and satisfactory rate more than those of the previous method.

• 한국경영과학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.53-53
• /
• 1989

Generally, the standard sizes of military combat fatigues should be determined by considering the coverage rate in order to minimize the military personnel who can't put on the ready made military combat fatigues. The coverage rate should be increased by the longer interval of the standard size but the satisfactory rate will be decreased due to the longer interval of size. This study develops a method selecting optimal standard sizes of the military combat fatigues in order to maximize the satisfactory rate that insures the coverage rate to meet a given level for ready made military combat fatigues. This method selects candidate standard sizes at second and finally, establishes a 0-1 integer programming model. The result shows that the method increases both coverage and satisfactory rate more than those of the previous method.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제13권6호
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2015

최근 건강증진을 위한 장소로서 산림을 이용하는 활동이 활발하게 일어나고 있다. 산림청에서는 산림을 이용하여 웰빙과 건강증진을 실현하기 위한 새로운 융복합적 시도를 하였으며, 이를 '산림치유'라 정의하고, 치유의 숲을 조성하여 산림치유서비스를 제공하고 있다. 그러나 현재 치유의 숲은 대도시와 접근성이 떨어지는 위치에 조성되어 있어 치유활동이 필요한 교통약자들이 산림치유 활용에 어려움이 있다. 또한, 현재 치유의 숲 조성을 위한 면적기준은 대도시의 파편화된 산림 면적에는 적합하지 않기 때문에 대도시 치유의 숲 조성에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 대도시 치유의 숲에 대한 적정 면적기준을 도출하기 위하여 본 연구를 진행하였다. 기존의 도시숲을 활용한 야외공간에 대한 조성면적 기준 현황을 검토하고, 치유활동이 필요한 교통약자의 보행권을 조사하여, 면적기준과 보행권의 분석을 복합적으로 진행하였다. 도시자연공원, 관광단지 등 유사 야외휴양공간의 면적기준에 비하여 치유의 숲 면적 기준은 대도시 환경에 맞추어 세분화되어 있지 않았다. 또한, 교통약자의 보행권을 고려하여 대도시 치유의 숲 조성을 위한 최소 면적기준을 산출한 결과, 국공유림 25만제곱미터 이상, 사유림 15만제곱미터 이상으로 나타났다. 본 논문은 대도시 지역의 치유의 숲 적정 면적기준에 대한 정책적 근거로서 활용할 수 있을 것이다.