• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.127-144
• /
• 1999

The purposes of this study were to identify the housing maintenance cost, imputed rent fee and total housing cost of households living in rental house, to analyze the factors related to their housing maintenance cost, imputed rent fee and total housing cost and to investigate the factors contributing to total housing cost to total household income ratio. The data used for these purposes, was 97 KHPS of Daewoo Economic Research Institute. Sample size of households living in rental house, was 663. Statistics performed for the analysis were frequencies, percentiles, t-test, Lorenz cutie and Gini coefficient, Tobit analysis, OLS and Logistic analysis. The results of this study were as fellows: First, monthly cost of monthly rent & maintenance and repairs of households living in rental house with a deposit was lower than rental house, while the imputed rent fee of households living rental house with a deposit was higher than monthly rent households'And, total housing cost of households living in rental house with a deposit was higher than monthly rent households'. Second, Gini coefficient of the housing maintenance cost was 0.440, Gini coefficient of imputed rent fee was 0.362, and Gini coefficient of total housing cost was 0.291. Third, the variables related to their housing maintenance cost were family type, total household expenditure of socio-demographic characteristics and residence, type of rent, housing type of housing environmental factor. Also, the variables contributing to imputed rent fee were job type and educational attainment of household hearts, the number of family members, total household expenditure, residence, type of rent, housing type and tole number of rooms. In addition, the variables associated with total housing cost were job type and educational attainment of household head, total household income and residence, type of rent, housing type and the number of room. Finally, age, job type, educational attainment of household head, wife's employment status, the number of family members, family type, total household expenditure, residence, rent type of rent, housing type, the size of living space, and the number of room were significant variables contributing to total household cost to total household income ratio.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
• /
• v.34 no.8
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2018

This study suggested practical considerations in case of planning Small-Sized Household Units of the Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment along with selecting particular Age-Apartment Complex to plan Small-Sized Household Units. Four parts of consideration; (1) Architectural planning aspects, (2) Resident aspects, (3) Structural aspects, and (4) Facility aspects were thoroughly examined to apply in the remodeling construction period. Proposals for Small-Sized Household Units, in this study, covered two different combinations. One was the combination of six equal units, the other was the combination of eleven different types of household units which reflected resident aspects in plan organizations. Plan organization proposal could be chosen and applied to Vertical Extended units by Local Government, Remodeling Association, or Constructor based on their potential residents' aspect, such as family size, life style, age, amount to income and etc. to fulfill their satisfaction. Furthermore, this study had great significance of the adequately reflecting demand on Small-Sized Household Units in Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.34 no.2
• /
• pp.201-215
• /
• 1996

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of household characteristics to family savings. Family savings were defined in four ways such as monthly savings, average propensity to save, financial assets, and net financial assets. The household characteristics dealt with were family income, household size, number of earners, age, occupation, education, housing tenure, and urbanization. The data used in the study was Survey of Family Finance 1990. The main statistical method was multiple regression. Family income was found to the most important variable to determine four family saving variables holding other characteristics constant. Also, household size had significant negative effects on family savings. Two-earner households were found to have higher average propensity to save and less financial assets compared to single-earner households. Fro monthly savings and average propensity to save, the households with forties andfifties household head tended to be less than others, while financial assets tended to increase with the age of household head. Compared to salary earner households, blue-colored households had significantly lower average propensity to save, and the households with professionals had significantly higher financial assets. The college-graduated households tended to have less monthly savings than the elementary-graduated households. Also, the housing renters were found to have more monthly savings and higher average propensity to save, compared to the housing owners.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.63-79
• /
• 1999

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between food expenditures and household socio-economic characteristics. Data used were taken from the 1996 National Survey of Family Income and Expenditure Survey. This study revealed that total food expenditures for urban salary and wage earner households were 347,798 won, which accounted for 27.0 percent of the total consumption expenditures and food away from home expenditures marked for 8.4 percent of the total consumption expenditures. Household income, household size, age of household head, occupation of household head, education of household head, housing tenure, wife's employment status, gender of household head, and children's age were all important factors in predicting the food consumption expenditures for urban salary and wage earner households.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.259-277
• /
• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify household’s level and standard of consumption and their related variables in order to derive some useful implications for developing sustainable lifestyle. Data were collected from 567 household wives living in Seoul and the five Metropolitan cities in Korea. The results showed that most households owned such goods as central heating system, shower and bath, refrigerator, microwave oven, vacuum cleaner, washer. TV video player, personal computer, mobile phone, and car. They thought that most of the goods were necessary for the desired level of living and has a strong aspiration to buy those goods. This implied a tendency of uniformity in need perceptions and consumption patterns among Korean households. However, level and standard of consumption measured in selected living area differed according to age. education family size, household income, occupation, and the size housing, which showed that different approach was needed for developing sustainable lifestyle according to these variables.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.324-334
• /
• 2022

This study was conducted to provide basic data for product development and marketing strategies for the Thai home meal replacement (HMR) market, to reflect the changing trends in household sizes in Thailand. The results of analyzing the characteristics and differences of HMR consumption behavior between single-person households and multi-person households in Thailand were as follows: It was found that single-person households use HMR to save money and for the convenience in cooking and preparation. In the preference by HMR type, multi-person households showed a higher preference for all types of products than single-person households. Thai consumers, regardless of their household size, mainly use department stores and large shopping malls to purchase HMR, and they most prefer to get information through Internet advertisements. The shelf life, quality, taste, hygiene, and freshness of HMR were the main considerations for their selection. Based on the results of this study, the Thai market requires the development of HMR products that are reasonable in terms of cost and preparation time. In addition, it is necessary to develop products that can satisfy consumer needs, such as nutritional enhancement and therapeutic foods, products that are organic, eco-friendly, cater to various menus, and address the premium segment.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.39 no.3
• /
• pp.297-320
• /
• 2004

Household Register of South Kyongsang Province compiled by the Korean government in 1904 keeps complete details on local houses of eleven out of a total of thirty-one counties in the district. This study examines, band on e analysis of the primary source materials, e specifics of traditional housing of South Kyongsang Province with special reference to the magnitude of housing lots, size of dwellings, land and house ownership, and distribution of thatch and tile roof houses by dong, myon and county. Findings from the survey of the household register suggest that approximately 20 percent of households were established on the private or rented public lands, that 90 percent resided in undersized housing with just one or two rooms besides a kitchen, and that the regional average of dwelling size was no bigger than 2.75 rooms. The fact clarifies that the three-room thatch houses prevailed in South Kyongsang Province about a century ago. The miserable living conditions were tranalated into a constricted personal space of 2 to 4 square meters and a small-size household of less than 4 family members.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.53-77
• /
• 2016

Financial soundness in the household sector matters for financial stability and for the real economy. The level of household debt in Korea raises concern about the financial soundness of the household sector due to its size, growth rate and quality. Against this backdrop, we assess the financial vulnerability of borrowers based on an analysis of credit bureau (CB) data, in which the actual credit activities of most individuals are recorded at a high frequency in Korea. We construct over-indebtedness indicators from the CB data and then assess the predictability of forthcoming defaults. Based on the over-indebtedness indicators, we show how borrowers are distributed in terms of over-indebtedness and how the over-indebted differ from average borrowers in terms of their characteristics. Furthermore, we show how the aggregate credit risk in the household sector would change under macroeconomic distress by analyzing how each borrower's credit quality would be affected by adverse shocks. The findings of this paper may contribute to assessing household debt vulnerability and to enhancing regulatory and supervisory practices for financial stability.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.79-95
• /
• 1989

Household energy consumption had influenced on the ecological system's environment. Household's exceeding energy consumption requires the development of resources and the risk. Thus this study attempted to find the household heating management, The purpose of this study was to investigate the household's heating management in the area of district heating. The major finding were; 1) The district heating was accepted positively and the benefit of this system was utilized very well in the household. 2) Variances in heating energy consumption was explained by the family size at October, residential period at October and November and the temperature of living room at October, November and December. 3) Compaired to central heating apartment, the low heating expenditure was characterize in the household of 4-5 persons, nuclear family at October, moderated heating control, using extra heating facilities at November. An in the December, that household was that husband has graduated college, temperature of the living room was some cold, and house wives was the full-time homemaker.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.1-38
• /
• 2005

Our paper aims to estimate a household consumption function in the presence of liquidity constraints as well as household characteristics. Empirical findings from a Korean cross-sectional data (National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure) reveal that several family characteristics, such as household size, number of working members, children in school, and educational level and age of the household head, turn out to be critical determinants of household consumption. Especially, the influence of household size on consumption decision is shown to be highly significant, not only indirectly through its impact on household income, but also directly by affecting the household's preference for consumption itself. While, the other family characteristics primarily influences household income. Our paper distinguishes itself from existing literature in that it greatly improves the explanatory power of the estimated household consumption function by measuring the degree of the liquidity constraint rather than simply identifying its presence. Based on the assumption that the present value of human capital is a function of household characteristics, the degree of the liquidity constraint is represented by the underestimated portion of the human capital. Such a method of implementing the liquidity constraint is useful in treating various types of assets according to their liquidity. Finally, our estimated household consumption function is applied to decompose cross-sectional variances of consumption inequality. The analysis confirms that the overall alleviation in liquidity constraints in Korea after the 1997 currency crisis reduced consumption inequality despite the worsening of income inequality and changes in the demographic composition of family characteristics during the same period.