• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.42-48
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• 2011

Chloroplast genetic engineering of higher plants offers several unique advantages compared with nuclear genome transformation, such as high levels of transgene expression, a lack of position effect due to site-specific transgene integration by homologous recombination, multigene engineering in a single transformation event and reducing risks of gene flow via pollen due to maternal inheritance. We established a reproducible chloroplast transformation system of potato using a tobacco specific plastid transformation vector, pCtVG (trnI-Prrn-aadA-mgfp-TpsbA-trnA). Stable transgene integration into chloroplast genomes and the homoplasmic state of the transgenome were confirmed by PCR and Southern blot analyses. Northern, immunoblot analysis, and GFP fluorescence imaging revealed high expression and accumulation of GFP in the plastids of potato leaves. This system would provide new opportunities for genetic improvement and mass production of value added foreign proteins in this crop.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.950-958
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• 2015

BCS1L gene encodes mitochondrial protein and is a member of conserved AAA protein family. This gene is involved in the incorporation of Rieske FeS and Qcr10p into complex III of respiratory chain. In our previous study, AluYRa2-derived alternative transcript in rhesus monkey genome was identified. However, this transcript has not been reported in human genome. In present study, we conducted evolutionary analysis of AluYRa2-exonized transcript with various primate genomic DNAs and cDNAs from humans, rhesus monkeys, and crabeating monkeys. Remarkably, our results show that AluYRa2 element has only been integrated into genomes of Macaca species. This Macaca lineage-specific integration of AluYRa2 element led to exonization event in the first intron region of BCS1L gene by producing a conserved 3' splice site. Intriguingly, in rhesus and crabeating monkeys, more diverse transcript variants by alternative splicing (AS) events, including exon skipping and different 5' splice sites from humans, were identified. Alignment of amino acid sequences revealed that AluYRa2-exonized transcript has short N-terminal peptides. Therefore, AS events play a major role in the generation of various transcripts and proteins during primate evolution. In particular, lineage-specific integration of Alu elements and species-specific Alu-derived exonization events could be important sources of gene diversification in primates.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.100-108
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• 2017

Cathepsin F, which is encoded by CTSF, is a cysteine proteinase ubiquitously expressed in several tissues. In a previous study, novel transcripts of the CTSF gene were identified in the crab-eating monkey deriving from the integration of an Alu element-AluYRa1. The occurrence of AluYRa1-derived alternative transcripts and the mechanism of exonization events in the CTSF gene of human, rhesus monkey, and crabeating monkey were investigated using PCR and reverse transcription PCR on the genomic DNA and cDNA isolated from several tissues. Results demonstrated that AluYRa1 was only integrated into the genome of Macaca species and this lineage-specific integration led to exonization events by producing a conserved 3' splice site. Six transcript variants (V1-V6) were generated by alternative splicing (AS) events, including intron retention and alternative 5' splice sites in the 5' and 3' flanking regions of CTSF_AluYRa1. Among them, V3-V5 transcripts were ubiquitously expressed in all tissues of rhesus monkey and crab-eating monkey, whereas AluYRa1-exonized V1 was dominantly expressed in the testis of the crab-eating monkey, and V2 was only expressed in the testis of the two monkeys. These five transcript variants also had different amino acid sequences in the C-terminal region of CTSF, as compared to reference sequences. Thus, species-specific Alu-derived exonization by lineage-specific integration of Alu elements and AS events seems to have played an important role during primate evolution by producing transcript variants and gene diversification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.32-39
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• 2007

Side roads on campus areone of the important factors affecting campus landscape and quality. So far, side roads have appeared irregularly and have been main causes for disrupting the campus landscape. The purpose of this study was to investigate side roads in three university campuses using Space Syntax and ERAM model and to find some typical characteristics of the campus in three universities: Kyungpook National University, Yeungnam University, and Keimyung University. Kyungpook National University and Yeungnam University had 68 and 64 places respectively showing a high frequency of side roads, while Keimyung University had only 13 side roads, a much lower frequency. Side roads, surveyed on site, appeared to be concentrated in some regions, and side roads were analyzed to have different frequencies and location depending on their specific function and characteristics, though roads have similar sizes and areas.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07b
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• pp.653-656
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• 2001

This paper describes the design and the analysis of permanent magnetic actuator "Magnetic Switch" using classical method and 2D finite element method. The classical method gives an outline of permanent magnet size and analysis is carried out by finite element method. Therefore we make use of the result in specific detail site of magnet. The transient state is simulated in order to calculate the response time of "Magnetic Switch". The simulation is based upon a step-by-step integration of the electric circuit equations and the tore movement. The contactor uses a permanent magnet for maintaining the closed state. The presented solution takes account of non-linear magnetic material property and spring force controlled by core position. The dynamic response of "Magnetic Switch" is predicted by the simulation agrees closely with the required condition.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.95-107
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• 2018

This presentation will give an overview of Ca-aluminate based biomaterials and their proposed use within the field of nanostructured biomaterials. The paper describes typical features of Ca-aluminate materials with regard to technology, chemistry, biocompatibility including hemocompatibility and bioactivity, and developed microstructure. Special focus will be on the developed microstructure, which is in the nanosize range. Application possibilities within odontology, orthopedics, and drug delivery are presented. The nanostructure including pore size below 5 nm in these structures opens up this material for some use in specific dental-related applications in which antibacterial and bacteriostatic aspects are of importance, and as thin coating on implants within dental and orthopaedic applications. Nanosize porosity is essential in drug delivery systems for controlled release of medicaments. The priority field for Ca-aluminate biomaterials is implant materials, which use minimally-invasive techniques to offer in vivo, on-site developed biomaterials.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05b
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• pp.241-246
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• 1996

An analytical model to calculate rate of vapor generation due to heterogeneous wall nucleation in flashing flow is developed. In the present model, an important parameter of the vapor generation term, i.e. nucleation site density is calculated by integrating its probability distribution function with respect to active cavity radius. The limits of integration are minimum and maximum active cavity radii, and these are formulated using an active cavity model for nucleate boiling. This formulation, therefore. can statistically account for the effect of surface specific thermo-physical and geometric conditions on the vapor generation rate and flashing inception. For verifying the adequacy of the present model, steady state two-fluid and the bubble transport equations are solved with applicable constitutive equations. The applicable region of the bubble transport equation is also extended to churn-turbulent flow regime to predict interfacial area concentration at high void fraction. Predicted results in terms of axial pressure and void fraction profiles along the channels are compared with experimental data of Super Moby Dick and BNL Reasonable agreements have been achieved and this shows the applicability of the present model to flashing flow analysis.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.12
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• pp.781-788
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• 2010

An often overlooked issue in the field of adenovirus (Ad)-mediated cancer gene therapy is its limited capacity for effective systemic delivery. Although primary tumors can be treated effectively with intralesional injection of conventional Ad vectors, systemic metastasis is difficult to cure. Systemic administration of conventional naked Ads leads to acute accumulation of Ad particles in the liver, induction of neutralizing antibody, short blood circulation half-life, non-specific biodistribution in undesired organs, and low selective accumulation in the target disease site. Versatile strategies involving the modification of viral surfaces with polymers and nanomaterials have been designed for the purpose of maximizing Ad anti-tumor activity and specificity by systemic administration. Integration of viral and non-viral nanomaterials will substantially advance both fields, creating new concepts in gene therapeutics. This review focuses on current advances in the development of smart Ad hybrid nanocomplexes based on various design-based strategies for optimal Ad systemic administration.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.274-276
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• 2003

The traditional crop productivity simulations based on crop models are normally site-specific. To simulate regional crop productivity, the spatial crop model is developed in this study by integrating Geographical Information System (GIS) with Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) model. The integration applied a loose coupling approach. Data are exchanged using ASCII or binary data format between GIS and EPIC model without a common user interface. The spatial EPIC model is conducted to simulate the average corn and wheat productivity of 1980s in North China. The results show that the simulation accuracy of the spatial EPIC model is acceptable. The simulation accuracy can be improved by using the detailed crop management information, such as irrigation, fertilizer and tillage schedule.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2024

This study is about a case of web application development using representative commercial BIM platform-linked APIs from Autodesk and Bentley Systems. The development method was aimed at application development using Autodesk's Forge API and Bentley System's iTwin API. The specific development content was limited to the Model Viewer, Issues, and File Transfer API, and the administrator's site. The first research result is that parts with different internal configurations of commercial platforms were independently modularized and developed, and the common front-end was unified. The second research result is that a web front-end technology, was used to visualize 3D models using the viewer API, and the possibility of additional application expansion was discovered.