• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.844-854
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• 2005

We constructed a defined physical and genetic map of H. pylori strain 51, previously isolated from a Korean patient with a duodenal ulcer, by combining a restriction analysis by pulse-field gel electrophoresis with the construction of a BAC library. A Notl-digest of H. pylori strain 51 genome yielded seven fragments, from which the genomic size was estimated to be 1,698$\pm$24 kb. The BAC library was constructed from 50 to 200 kb fragments of HindIII-digested genomic DNA. From 700 BAC clones, an ordered overlapping maxi-set of 82 BAC clones was assembled that covered the entire genome. The positions of 15 genes were localized in the strain 51 genome with 4-22 kb of resolution and were compared with their orthologues in strain 26695 and strain J99. The arrangement of the 15 genes was identical in strain 51 and strain J99, except for flaA and hpaA. The plasticity zone of strain 51, like that of strain J99, was located in the single region, and was shorter than those of strain 26695 and strain J99. The strain 51 plasticity zone consisted of ORFs common only to strain 51 and J99 or to strain 51 and 26695, as well as strain 51-specific ORFs. Three genetic translocations and/or inversions were found between orthologue ORFs in strain 51 and strain J99. These results show that the chromosomal organization of strain 51 differs from Western strains such as strain 26695 and strain J99.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.133-139
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• 1997

Large scale production of cloned embryos requires the technology of multiple generational nuclear transfer(NT) by using NT embryos itself as the subsequent donor nuclei. In this work we investigated comparatively the effects of enucleated oocytes treated with ionomycin and 6-DMAP on the electrofusion rate and in vitro developmental potential in the first and second NT embryos. The embryos of 16-cell stage were collected from the mated does by flushing oviducts with Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline(D-PBS) containing 10% fetal calf serum(FCS) at 47 hours after hCG injection. The recipient cytoplasms were obtained by removing the nucleus and the first polar body from the oocytes collected at 15 hours after hCG injection. The enucleated oocytes were pre-activated by 5 min incubation in 5$\mu$M ionomycin and 2 hours incubation in 2 mM 6-DMAP at 19~20 hours post-hCG before microinjection. In the first and second generation NT, the unsynchronized 16-cell stage embryos were used as nuclear donor. The separated donor blastomeres were injected into the enucleated activated recipient oocytes by micromanipulation and were electrofused by electrical stimulation of single pulse for 60 $\mu$sec at 1.25kV/cm in $Ca^2$+, $Mg^2$+ - free 0.28 M mannitol solution. In the non-preactivation group, the electrofusion and electrical stimulation was given 3 pulses for 60 $\mu$sec at 1.25 kV/cm in 100$\mu$M $Ca^2$+, $Mg^2$+ 0.28 M mannitol solution. The fused oocytes were co-cultured with a monolayer of rabbit oviductal epithelial cells in TCM-199 solution containing 10% FCS for 120 hours at 39$^{\circ}C$ in a 5% $CO_2$ incubator. The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. In the first generational NT embryos, the electrofusion rate of preactivated and non-activated oocytes(80.4 and 87.8%) was not significantly different, but in the second generational NT embryos, the electrofusion rate was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the non-activated oocytes(85.7%) than in the preactivated oocytes(70.1%). 2) In the first and second generational NT embryos, the developmental potential to biastocyst stage was significantly(P<0.05) higher in the preactivated oocytes(39.3 and35.7%) than in the non-preactivated oocytes(16.0 and 13.3%). No significant difference in the developmental potential was shown between the first and second generational NT embryos derived from the preactivated oocytes. In conclusion, it may be efficient to use the oocytes preactivated with ionomycin and 6-DMAP for the multiple production of cloned embryos by recycling nuclear transfer.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.61-61
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• 2001

The main goal of this study was to produce transgenic piglets by the method of injection of sperm-mediated exogenous DNA. Spermatozoa (1$\times$106 sperm of final concentration) obtained from caudal epididymis were mixed with pBC1-hEPO (20 ng/${mu}ell$) or pcDNA3 LAC Z (20 ng/${mu}ell$), and followed by electroporation (500 V, 25 ㎌). Matured oocytes having the first polar body and dense cytoplasm were selected and centrifuged at 12,000g for 6 min. After sperm injection, the oocytes were activated electrically (1.7 ㎸/cm, 30 $\mu$ sec, single pulse) in 0.3 M mannitol solution. Eggs injected sperm were cultured in NCSU 23 medium (0.4% BSA) at 39$^{\circ}C$, 5% $CO_2$ in air for 192 h. This study were comprised 3 experiments. Experiment 1 compared the developmental efficiencies between the sperm-injected oocytes (Group 1) and further activated electrically (Group 2). Experiment 2 compared the expression of pcDNA3 LAC Z in the embryos produced by Group 1 and Group 2. Finally, experiment 3 carried out transfer of embryos (1-8 cell stage) transfected with pBC1 -hEPO into surrogate recipients synchronized by injection of combination of PG600 with hCG. The rates of cleavage and development into blastocyst stage in Group 2 were significantly higher than those of Group 1 (71.3% and 28.1% vs. 43.3% and 10.3%, respectively, p<0.05). Thirty (24.2%) out of 124 embryos analyzed in Group 2 were positive by X-gal. Similarly, in Group 1, 16.3% (8/49) were positive. After transfer of 789 embryos to 7 recipient gilts, three out of them examined by ultrasound became pregnant. One recipient is in day 50 pregnancy. On day 54 of gestation, two were carried out uterotomy in order to confirm the pregnancy One had 7 and another had 2 fetuses. We conclude that injection of sperm-mediated gene transfer will be used as a valuable tool for the production of transgenic piglets.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.103-153
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• 2010

"Sanghanjeonsaengjip(傷寒全生集)" is a classic medical work, written by the outstanding physician Dohwa(陶華) in the Ming Dynasty. The characteristic of "SangHanJeonSaengJip" is that this book succeeded to the spirit of pattern identification and treatment of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, newly changed a table of contents by symptoms, and together with this indicated the prescriptions in accordance with diswase-pattern at "YujeunghwalInseo(類證活人書)", "Hwajegookbang(和劑局方)" etc. Also because this kept the existing ephedra decoction, cinnamom twig decoction, minor decoction of bupleurum, decoction for reinforcing middle-energizer and replenishing qi etc.'s name on and unlikely indicated the medicine composition, it caused confusion, but at the later ages "Euhakipmun(醫學入門)" the so-called 'Doci(陶氏)' was added to the prescription name, so we are able to distinguish. Together with this, this book dose not indicate the dosage of medicine and indicates the first, the second, and the third classes[上中下] below medicine. As this dose not mean the three grades of quality"good, fair, and poor[上中下] of "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica" but expresses the sovereign medicinal as the first class[上], minister medicinal as the second class[中] and assistant and courier medicinal as the third class[下], doctors can voluntarily decide the dosage of medicine in accordance with the degree of disease. At this thesis, I single out ten chapters in contents of 2nd volume named Hyeong(亨) corresponding to the details, among "Sanghanjeonsaengjip(傷寒全生集)". I discussed superficial fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 1, aversion to cold types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 2, syndrome caused un-sufficient sweating in chapter 3, organic fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 4, aversion to wind types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 5, Tidal fever types of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 6, Alternative attacts of chills and fever in chapter 7, Dysphoria with smothery sensation in chapter 8, Fidgetiness of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 9, and Headache of exogenous febrile disease in chapter 10, and together with this I discussed, in detail, which influence the prescriptions which are listed on each chapter have caused on future generations In accordance with this, I think that the above-mentioned symptoms and prescriptions are important when I research cold damage and warm disease study. So I orderly research revision, annotation, rendering and an investigation.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.1663-1670
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• 2006

펄스 전기증착법에 의해 단결정 Fe 박막을 n-Si(111) 기판위에 직접 성장시켰다. CV 분석 을 통해 $Fe^{2+}n-Si(111)$ 계면은 쇼트키 장벽 형성에 따른 다이오드 특성을 가진다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 또한 인가 전압에 따른 전기용량의 변화를 보여주는 Mott-Schottky chottky(MS) 관계식을 이용하여 전해질 내에서 n-Si(111) 기판의 flat-band potential(EFB)을 조사하였으며, 0.1M $FeCl_2$ 전해질 내에서 EFB와 산화-환원 전위는 각각 -0.526V 과 -0.316V 임을 알 수 있었다. Fe/n-Si(111) 계면반응 시, Fe 증착 초기 단계에서의 핵 형성과 성장 운동학은 과도전류 특성을 이용하여 조사하였으며, 과도전류 특성을 통해 Fe 박막의 성장모드는 "instantaneous nucleation and 3-dimensional diffusion limited growth"임을 알 수 있었다. 주파수가 300Hz, 최대 전압이 1.4V인 펄스 전압을 이용하여 n-Si(111) 기판위에 Fe를 직접 전기 증착 시켰으며, 형 성 된 Fe 박막은 단결정 ${\alpha}-Fe$로 Si 기판위에 ${\alpha}-Fe(110)/Si(111)$의 격자 정합성을 가지고 성장하였음을 XRD 분석을 통해 확인하였다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1969

A clinical analysis was made on 161 cases of hyperthyroidism seen at the Radioisotope Laboratory of Kyungpook National University Hospital. This series consisted of 144 cases of diffuse goiter and 17 cases of nodular goiter. 1) Hyperthyroidism was most prevalent in the 4th decade and male to female ratio was 1:4.6. 2) Cardinal symptoms in the order of frequency were weakness, easy fatigability, palpitation, weight loss, nervousness, perspiration, heat intolerance, increased appetite, insomnia and dysmenorrhea. 3) Major physical findings in the order of frequency were goiter, fine tremor, tachycardia, wide pulse pressure, emaciation, warm moist skin, exophthalmos, systolic hypertension and atrial fibrillation. 4) The complications were ophthalmopathy (34.2%), thyrotoxic heart disease (5.6%), thyroid crisis (1 case), pretibial myxedema (1 case) and thyrotoxic myopathy (1 case). 5) Mean values of the six hour and twenty-four hour $^{131}I$ uptakes by the thyroid glands were 67.5% and 71.6%, respectively, in diffuse goiter and 64.5% and 65.0%, respectively, in nodular goiter. 6) Mean values of twenty-four hour $PB^{131}I$ conversion ratio were 76.3% in diffuse goiter and 70.2% in nodular goiter and those of the basal metabolic rate was +51% in the former and +41% in the latter. Mean serum cholesterol level was 152mg% in diffuse goiter and that in nodular goiter was 175mg%. 7) Among the 134 cases treated with $^{131}I$, 66 cases (49.3%) were successful1y controlled with single dose and in the majority of the cases the initial therapeutic dose required was $4.1{\sim}5.0mC$ in diffuse goiter and $5.1{\sim}6.0mC$ in nodular goiter. 8) With $^{131}I$ treatment the symptoms improved in the following order: heat intolerance, emaciation, nervousness, insomnia, easy fatigability, weakness, fine tremor, goiter, perspiration, exertional dyspnea and palpitation. And in a few cases improvement of even exophthalmos was seen. 9) Following $^{131}I$ treatment myxedema occurred in 4 cases (3%) and reccurrence in 9 cases (6.8%).

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.112-119
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• 2015

고해상도 분자 영상이 가능한 광음향 현미경의 공간해상도는 초음파 변환기에 의해 결정되기 때문에 높은 동작 주파수, 광대역, 높은 신호 수신 효율을 갖는 광음향 수신 변환기는 고성능 광음향 현미경에 필수적이다. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)는 이러한 광음향 수신 변환기 성능 확보가 가능한 압전소재이다. 그러나 PVDF는 낮은 음향 임피던스로 인해 사용되는 흡음층에 의해서 중심주파수 및 대역폭이 영향을 받게된다. 본 논문에서는 광음향 현미경에 적합한 PVDF 기반 고주파수 초음파 수신 변환기의 최적 흡음층 소재의 음향 임피던스가 최종 변환기 성능에 어떠한 영향을 주는지에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. 이를 위해 EPO-TEK 301, E-Solder 3022, RTV를 각각 흡음층 물질로 사용하여 고주파수 초음파 수신 변환기를 제작하고 그 음향 특성을 평가하였다. 제작된 변환기의 공간해상도를 평가하기 위해 $25{\mu}m$ 직경을 갖는 철심을 표적으로 사용하여 영상을 획득하였으며, 실험을 통해 얻은 펄스-에코 신호 크기 및 중심주파수, -6 dB 대역폭, 공간해상도 평가를 통해 PVDF의 음향 임피던스보다 약간 높은 음향 임피던스를 갖는 EPO-TEK 301이 가장 적합한 흡음층 물질임을 알 수 있었다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.667-673
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• 2010

근단층지반운동은 진앙거리가 약 10 km 이내인 지역에서 관측되는 장주기 성분의 펄스형태를 갖는 지반운동으로서, 도심지에서 발생할 경우 미국 Northridge(1994), 일본 Kobe(1995), 터키 Izmit(1999), 중국 쓰촨성(2008), 아이티지진(2010) 등과 같이 매우 큰 피해를 야기시킨다. 이에 강진지역에서는 NFGM에 대한 많은 연구가 수행되었으나 우리나라와 같은 중약진 지역에서는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 이 연구에서는 근단층 지반운동을 받는 철근콘크리트 교각의 거동과 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 6기의 실험체에 대하여 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 주요 실험 변수로는 심부구속철근비와 상부질량 크기로서 진동대 실험 결과 심부구속철근비가 적거나 상부질량이 클수록 교각의 내진성능이 저하됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 진동대 실험 결과를 분석하여 지진동을 받는 교각의 강성변화에 대한 심부구속철근비와 질량의 영향을 분석하였으며, 변위연성도와 강성과의 관계식을 제안하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.431-441
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• 2003

본 논문은 FPGA를 이용하여 시퀀스 제어용 32비트 마이크로프로세서를 설계하였다. 이를 위해 VHDL을 이용하여 톱-다운 방식으로 마이크로프로세서를 설계하였으며, 고속처리의 문제점을 해결하기 위해 프로그램 메모리부와 데이터 메모리부를 분리하여 설계함으로써 인스트럭션을 페치 하는 도중에 시퀀스 명령을 실행할 수 있는 Harvard 구조로 설계하였다. 또한 마이크로프로세서의 명령어들을 시퀀스제어에 적합하도록 RISC형태의 32 비트 명령어로 고정하여 명령어의 디코딩 시간과 데이터 메모리의 인터페이스 시간을 줄였다. 특히 설계된 마이크로프로세서의 실시간 디버깅 기능을 구현하기 위해 싱글 스텝 런, 일정 프로그램 카운터 브레이크, 데이터 메모리와 일치시 정지 기능 등을 구현함으로써 구현된 프로세서의 디버깅을 쉽게 하였다. 또한, 시퀀스제어에 적합한 펄스명령, 스텝 콘트롤 명령, 마스터 콘트롤 명령 등과 같은 비트 조작 명령과, BIN형과 BCD형 산술명령, 배럴 쉬프트명령 등을 구현하였다. 이와 같은 기능들을 FPGA로 구현하기 위하여 자이링스(Xilinx)사의 V600EHQ240(60만 게이트)과 Foundation 4.2i를 사용하여 로직을 합성하였다. Foundation 합성툴 환경에서 시뮬레이션과 실험에서 성공적으로 수행되었다. 본 논문에서 구현된 시퀀스 제어용 마이크로프로세서의 우수성을 보이기 위해 시퀀스제어용 명령어를 많이 가지고 있는 Hitachi사의 마이크로프로세서인 H8S/2148과 성능을 비교하여 본 논문에서 설계된 시퀀스 제어용 프로세서가 우수함을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2007

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generate during electrical activation of oocytes which has detrimental effects on embryo survival when overwhelmed. The present study was designed to investigate the ability of L-ascorbic acid, a novel water soluble antioxidant, to reduce the ROS level in developing embryos and their subsequent effects on embryo development in vitro. The compact cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) were cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 supplemented with 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor, 4 IU/ml pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and 10% (v/v) porcine follicular fluid (pFF) for 44 h. After maturation culture, the denuded oocytes were activated with a single DC pulse of 2.0 kV/cm in 0.3 M mannitol solution containing 0.5 mM of HEPES, 0.1 mM of $CaCl_2$ and 0.1 mM of $MgCl_2$ for $30{\mu}s$ using a BTX Electro-cell Manipulator. The activated oocytes were cultured in modified North Carolina State University-23 (mNSCU-23) medium for 168 h. The level of $H_2O_2$ in each embryo was measured by the dichlorohydrofluorescein diacetate (DCHFDA) method at 48 h after activation. The blastocyst formation rate was significantly higher when culture medium was supplemented with 50 and $100{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (31.2 and 38.7%, respectively) compared to non-supplemented (16.1%) group. Accordingly, significantly more cells in blastocyst were found for 50 and $100{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (50.0 and 56.4, respectively) compared to 0 and $200{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid (36.5 and 39.8, respectively). L-ascorbic acid reduces the $H_2O_2$ level in developing embryos in a dose-dependant manner. The $H_2O_2$ level (pixels/ embryos) was 191.5, 141.0, 124.0 and 163.3 for 0, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid, respectively. So, we recommend to supplement 50 or $100{\mu}M$ L-ascorbic acid in porcine in vitro culture medium.