• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.1003-1009
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• 2023

Objective: The objective was to compare (pedigree-based) best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), genomic BLUP (GBLUP), and single-step GBLUP (ssGBLUP) methods for genomic evaluation of growth traits in a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population. Methods: Birth (BW), weaning (WW), and yearling weight (YW) data of a Mexican Braunvieh cattle population were analyzed with BLUP, GBLUP, and ssGBLUP methods. These methods are differentiated by the additive genetic relationship matrix included in the model and the animals under evaluation. The predictive ability of the model was evaluated using random partitions of the data in training and testing sets, consistently predicting about 20% of genotyped animals on all occasions. For each partition, the Pearson correlation coefficient between adjusted phenotypes for fixed effects and non-genetic random effects and the estimated breeding values (EBV) were computed. Results: The random contemporary group (CG) effect explained about 50%, 45%, and 35% of the phenotypic variance in BW, WW, and YW, respectively. For the three methods, the CG effect explained the highest proportion of the phenotypic variances (except for YW-GBLUP). The heritability estimate obtained with GBLUP was the lowest for BW, while the highest heritability was obtained with BLUP. For WW, the highest heritability estimate was obtained with BLUP, the estimates obtained with GBLUP and ssGBLUP were similar. For YW, the heritability estimates obtained with GBLUP and BLUP were similar, and the lowest heritability was obtained with ssGBLUP. Pearson correlation coefficients between adjusted phenotypes for non-genetic effects and EBVs were the highest for BLUP, followed by ssBLUP and GBLUP. Conclusion: The successful implementation of genetic evaluations that include genotyped and non-genotyped animals in our study indicate a promising method for use in genetic improvement programs of Braunvieh cattle. Our findings showed that simultaneous evaluation of genotyped and non-genotyped animals improved prediction accuracy for growth traits even with a limited number of genotyped animals.

• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2012

Single frame structures with notches were fractured by applying drop impact loadings at room temperature and low temperature. Johnson-Cook shear failure model has been employed to simulate the fractured single frame structures. Through several numerical analyses, material constants for Johnson-Cook shear failure model have been found producing the cracks resulted from experiments. Fracture strain-stress triaxiality curves at both room temperature and low temperature are presented based on the extracted material constants. It is expected that the fracture strain-stress triaxiality curves can offer objective fracture criteria for the assessment of structural fractures of polar class vessel structures fabricated from DH36 steels. The fracture experiments of single frame structures revealed that the structure on low temperature condition fractures at much lower strain than that on room temperature condition despite the same stress states at both temperatures. In conclusion, the material properties on low temperature condition are essential to estimate the fracture characteristics of steel structures operated in the Northern Sea Route.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.83-95
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• 2016

This study explored the processes of parental divorce and adaptation in single-parent families as well as examined how the experience of living in family welfare facilities influences the adaptation process of such families. The research question to achieve the study objective was, "What is the adaption process for a singlefather family, and what influence does living in a single-father family welfare facility have on that process?" Data collection was conducted between June 2013 and April 2014 that included an in-depth interview process and continuous participatory observations on 14 children residing in the facility. The study results were as follows. The theme in a two-parent family period was 'changes in reduction of family: serious conflicts between parents.' Children directly witnessed intense conflicts between parents and experienced anxiety from situations that involved verbal and physical violence during the two-parent family period. The experience of children prior to entering the facility was represented by "loss and confusion experienced." The theme for children of singlefather family in entering a facility was "selecting a realistic alternative." Children's daily activities consisted of being with friends of a similar age, which allowed them to play and support each other in building social skills. The facility departure theme for the children was "hope for a new life."

• Wind and Structures
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2005

This paper deals with a unified way for calculating vortex-induced vibrations (Aeolian vibrations in transmission line parlance) of undamped single overhead conductors. The main objective of the paper is to identify reduced parameters which would unify the predicted vibration response to the largest possible extent. This is actually done by means of a simple mathematical transformation resulting, for a given terrain (associated to a given wind turbulence intensity), into a single, unified response curve that is applicable to any single multi-layered aluminium conductor. In order to further validate the above process, the predicted, unified response curve is compared with measured response curves drawn from tests run on a full-scale test line using several aluminium-conductor-steel-reinforced (ACSR), all-alloy-aluminium-conductor (AAAC) and aluminium-conductor-alloy-reinforced (ACAR) conductors strung at different tensions. On account of the expected scatter in the results from such field tests, the agreement is shown to be good. The final results are expressed by means of only four different curves pertaining to four different terrain characteristics. These curves may then be used to assess the vibration response of any undamped single, multi-layer aluminium conductor of any diameter, strung at any practical tension.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.259-268
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• 1993

이론적 해석과 수치 해석을 통하여 단독말뚝과 군말뚝에서 발생하는 downdrag 하중을 연구 검토하였다. 본 연구의 목적은 그룹 안에서 개개 말뚝들의 downdrag 하중 크기와 분포 정도를 파악하는데 있다. 따라서 단독말뚝과 군말뚝에서 발생하는 downdrag을 수치 해석하였으며 단독말뚝의 경우에 있어서는 비교적 정확한 downdrag 해석법을 제시하였다. 연구결과 그룹안의 개개 말뚝들은 단독말뚝의 경우에서 발생하는 downdrag하중보다 훨씬 작은 하중을 받는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 군말뚝의 간격: 직경의 비가 2.5에서 5.0까지 변하는 9-25개 군말뚝의 downdrag 하중을 고려한 설계시 추천할 수 있는 방법을 제시 하였다.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.181-189
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• 2013

This paper proposes a two-phase genetic algorithm (GA) to solve the problem of obtaining an optimum configuration of a paired single row assembly line. We pair two single-row assembly lines due to the shared usage of several workstations, thus obtaining an optimum configuration by considering the material flow of the two rows simultaneously. The problem deals with assigning workstations to a sequence and selecting the best arrangement by looking at the length and width for each workstation. This can be considered as an enhancement of the single row facility layout problem (SRFLP), or the so-called paired SRFLP (PSRFLP). The objective of this PSRFLP is to find an optimal configuration that seeks to minimize the distance traveled by the material handler and even the use of the material handler itself if this is possible. Real-world applications of such a problem can be found for apparel, shoe, and other manual assembly lines. This research produces the schematic representation solution using the heuristic approach. The crossover and mutation will be utilized using the schematic representation solution to obtain the neighborhood solutions. The first phase of the GA result is recorded to get the best pair. Based on these best matched pairs, the second-phase GA can commence.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.18-25
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• 2011

A boundary-layer pump with a single disk has been experimented to obtain its characteristic curve by changing the impeller of a centrifugal pump to a single disk. The primary objective to use of these types of pumps is to avoid hurting water life during transportation unnecessarily. The change of impeller should degrade the performance of pump, so we used the method to increase the roughness on the disk with sandpaper and mesh. The enhancement of shear force from the rotation of disk to the internal flow brought an augmentation of momentum transport, and the characteristics were far improved from the original single-disk pump without decreasing the survival rate of water life in the case of Pseudobagrus fulvidraco (bullhead fish). However, in the case of Artemia cyst (zooplankton), the survival rate was very degraded due to the micro scale smaller than turbulent eddy size. The result of this study could be used for the design of transportation and bio-filtering of water lying on a specific bandwidth of its scale of size.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.40-45
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to investigate the single dose and 2-week repeated dose toxicity of Aceporol 330 in ICR mice following single intravenous administration and to compare its toxicity with a commercially available solubilizer of paclitaxel, Cremophor EL. In single dose toxicity test, $LD_{50}$ of Aceporol 330 in mice was estimated to be greater than maximum applicable dose, 4 ml/kg. However, $LD_{50}$ of Cremophor EL in male mice was determined to be 4 ml/kg. Maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of males and females in Aceporol 330-treated group and MTD of females in Cremophor EL-treated group were 3 ml/kg. MTD of males in Cremophor EL-treated group was less than 3 ml/kg. Characteristic toxic symptoms, and hematological and blood chemical changes were not observed after single dose and repeated dose of Aceporol 330 or Cremophor EL. No histopathological abnormalities were found in organs of all animal groups. Based on the linear pharmacokinetic property of paclitaxel and the higher $LD_{50}$ in mice, Aceporol 330 has a potential for use as a safer solubilizer for paclitaxel than Cremophor EL.

• 한국생산제조학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to integrate reliability analysis into shape optimization problem using the evolutionary structural optimization (ESO) in the application example. Reliability-based shape optimization is formulated as volume minimization problem with probabilistic stress constraint under minimization max. von Mises stress and allow stress. Young's modulus, external load and thickness are considered as uncertain variables. In order to compute reliability index, four methods, i.e., reliability index approach (RIA), performance measure approach (PMA), single-loop singlevector (SLSV) and adaptive-loop (ADL), are used. Reliability-based shape optimization design process is conducted to obtain optimal shape satisfying max. von Mises stress and reliability index constraints with the above four methods, and then each result is compared with respect to numerical stability and computing time.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.1810-1820
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• 2021

Study of single bubble behavior under rolling motions can prove useful for fundamental understanding of flow field inside the modern small modular nuclear reactors. The objective of the present study is to simulate the influence of rolling conditions on single rising bubble in a liquid using multiphase Moving Particle Semi-implicit (MPS) method. Rolling force term was added to 2D Navier-Stokes equations and a computer program was written using C language employing OpenACC to port the code to GPU. Computational results obtained were found to be in good agreement with the results available in literature. The impact of rolling parameters on trajectory and velocity of the rising bubble has been studied. It has been found that bubble rise velocity increases with rolling amplitude due to modification of flow field around the bubble. It has also been concluded that the oscillations of free surface, caused by rolling, influence the bubble trajectory. Furthermore, it has been discovered that smaller vessel width reduces the impact of rolling motions on the rising bubble. The effect of liquid viscosity on bubble rising under rolling was also investigated and it was found that effects of rolling became more pronounced with the increase of liquid viscosity.