• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.12-19
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• 2005

The single layer latticed dome is very sensitive on the slenderness ratio and half open angle of the elements, load condition and the connection type because it is organized by a lot of thin elements, so we have to use the geometrically nonlinear buckling load when the buckling behavior of the structures is analyzed But, it is very difficult to design the single layer latticed domes considered all conditions. Therefore the purpose of this paper is to propose the appropriate design method of the single layer latticed dome considered the geometrically nonlinear buckling load in base on the linear buckling load by the eigen-value analysis.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.156-159
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• 2018

We developed a glucose sensor using glucose dehydrogenase flavin adenine dinucleotide (GDH-FAD). The structure of the three-layer glucose sensor was simplified, in which a single-layer design was used to lower the unit cost, and GDH-FAD was used to increase the measurement reliability. GDH-FAD has less impact on the 20 interfering substances that affect blood glucose measurement, such as galactose and maltose compared to glucose oxidase (GOD), and is not affected by the oxygen saturation; therefore, it is possible to measure both arterial or venous blood and thus less susceptibility to hematocrit. In this study, we developed a single-layer glucose sensor strip with low hematocrit effect using the GDH-FAD enzyme, and measured and evaluated the performance.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.406-412
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• 2001

In this paper, a new fuzzy single layer learning algorithm is proposed, which shows improved learning time and convergence property than that of the conventional fuzzy single layer perceptron algorithms. First, we investigate the structure of physiological neurons of the nervous system and propose new neuron structures based on fuzzy logic. And by using the proposed fuzzy neuron structures, the model and learning algorithm of Physiological Fuzzy Single Layer Perceptron(P-FSLP) are proposed. For the evaluation of performance of the P-FSLP algorithm, we applied the conventional fuzzy single layer perceptron algorithms and the P-FSLP algorithm to three experiments including Exclusive OR problem, the 3-bit parity bit problem and the recognition of car licence plates, which is an application of image recognition, and evaluated the performance of the algorithms. The experimentation results showed that the proposed P-FSLP algorithm reduces the possibility of local minima more than the conventional fuzzy single layer perceptrons do, and enhances the time and convergence for learning. Furthermore, we found that the P-FSLP algorithm has the great capability for image recognition applications.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.109-118
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• 2012

The large-space single-layer lattice dome is relatively simpler in terms of the arrangement of the various framework members and of the design of the junction than the multi-layered lattice dome, can reduce the numbers and quantity of the framework members, and has the merit of exposing the beauty of the framework as it stands. The single-layer lattice dome, however, requires a stability investigation of the whole structure itself, along with an analysis of the stress of the framework members, because an unstable phenomenon called "buckling" occurs when its weight reaches critical levels. Many researchers have systematically conducted researches on the stability evaluation of the single-layer lattice dome. No construction case of a single-layer lattice dome with a 300-m-long span, however, has yet been reported anywhere in the world. The large-space dome structure is difficult to erect due to the gigantic span and higher ceiling compared with other common buildings, and its construction cost is generally huge. The method of erecting a structure causes major differences in the construction cost and period. Therefore, many researchers have been conducting various researches on the method of erecting such structure. The step-up method developed by these authors can reduce the construction cost and period to a great extent compared with the other general methods, but the application of this method inevitably requires the development of system supports in the center section as well as pre-existing supports in the boundary sections. In this research, the safety during the construction of a single-layer lattice dome with 300-m-long span using pre-existing materials was examined in the aspect of structural strength, and the basic data required for manufacturing the supports in the application of the step-up method developed by these authors during the erection of the roof structure were obtained.

• Proceeding of KASS Symposium
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.161-164
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• 2008

Demands for space structures such as domes have increased in Korea. Generally, typical methods for connections of the space structures have technical limits in the space distances of the single latticed domes between supports. In this paper, improved welded joints for single-layer lattice domes was suggested and compared with the existing connections of the single layer latticed domes through both analytical and experimental studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.55-64
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• 2015

In this study, negative air ions, which can increase comfort and positively influence human health, was set as an evaluative factor for school forests. The characteristics, location and microclimate of school forests were examined to determine an effective school forest model for maximum negative air ion generation. It also aimed to provide basic data for the development of urban green fields. The negative air ion concentrations were different according to the green types. The order from the highest to the lowest was: single-layer structure($934ea/cm^3$) > multi-layer structure($794ea/cm^3$) > grass($553ea/cm^3$) > bare ground($529ea/cm^3$). As for the correlation with microclimate, negative air ion concentration was negatively correlated with temperature. The negative air ion concentration was significantly different according to planting type. The negative air ion concentration was higher at single-layer structure sites than at multi-layer structure sites, which appears to indicate that the temperature is higher when the vegetation structure was single-layer compared to multi-layer. Wind speed was higher at the single-layer planted site than at the multi-layer planted site. The vegetation wind shielding effect was lower at single-layer planted sites than at multi-layer planted sites. The single-layer planted site provided more favorable conditions for the generation and dispersion of negative air ions.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.352-356
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• 2011

Transparent conducting oxide films like ITO/Au/ITO and AZO/Au/AZO were fabricated with a sputter at a low-temperature of less then $70^{\circ}C$ and their crystallization and opto-electrical properties were studied. X-ray diffractiometry showed that single-ITO layer was amorphous, whereas, ITO of ITO/Au/ITO multi-layer was crystal. The ITO crystallization and its orientation depended on Au crystallization. Surface roughness of the ITO-multi-layers were in the range of 29-88% of that of ITO-single layer. ITO on amorphous gold layer had more rough surface than ITO on crystal gold. The gold layer between ITO improved electrical conductivity. Carrier density, mobility, resistivity and sheet resistance of ITO-single layer were $2.3{\times}10^{19}/cm^3$, $85{\times}cm^2$/Vs, $31{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$, and $310{\times}{\Omega}/cm^2$, respectively. Those of ITO/Au/ITO-multi-layers depended on Au-interlayer-thickness, which were in the range of $3.6{\times}10^{19}{\sim}4.2{\times}10^{21}/cm^3$, $43{\sim}85cm^2$/Vs, $0.17{\times}10^{-4}{\sim}25{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}cm$, and $1.7{\sim}20{\times}{\Omega}/cm^2$, respectively. The sheet resistances of the single-layer ITO and the multi-layer ITO were 310 and $2.7{\sim}21{\Omega}/cm^2$, respectively. That of AZO/Au/AZO was $8.6{\Omega}/cm^2$, which was better than the single-layer ITO.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.204-211
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• 1994

Micro array lens systems are designed for a faximile or copy machine. The array type is hexagonal. Diameter of a lens is 0.16 mm and the distance of the center of the nearest neighbor is 0.192 mm. The magnitude of the lens system is 1:1. Working distane is 10.55 mm and the spot size is less than 0.04 mm radius on axis and 0.20 mm off-axis in case of single layer system. Working distance is 7.90 mm and the spot size is less than 0.07 mm radius on axis and 0.09 mm radius off axis in case of double layer system. Performance of single layer micro array lens system and double layer micro array lens system are compared with the characteristics of the ray fans.y fans.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.443-454
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• 2005

Wind loading is very important, even dominant in some cases, to large-span single-layer reticulated shells. At present, usually equivalent static methods based on quasi-steady assumption, as the same as the wind-resistant design of low-rise buildings, are used in the structural design. However, it is not easy to estimate a suitable equivalent static wind load so that the effects of fluctuating component of wind on the structural behaviors, especially on structural stability, can be well considered. In this paper, the effects of fluctuating component of wind load on the stability of a single-layer reticulated spherical shell model are investigated based on wind pressure distribution measured simultaneously in the wind tunnel. Several methods used to estimate the equivalent static wind load distribution for equivalent static wind-resistant design are reviewed. A new simple method from the stability point of view is presented to estimate the most unfavorable wind load distribution considering the effects of fluctuating component on the stability of shells. Finally, with comparisive analyses using different methods, the efficiency of the presented method for wind-resistant analysis of single-layer reticulated shells is established.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.245-264
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• 2016

A suitable ground motion intensity measure (IM) plays a crucial role in the seismic performance assessment of a structure. In this paper, we introduce a scalar IM for use in evaluating the seismic response of single-layer reticulated domes. This IM is defined as the weighted geometric mean of the spectral acceleration ordinates at the periods of the dominant vibration modes of the structure considered, and the modal strain energy ratio of each dominant vibration mode is the corresponding weight. Its applicability and superiority to 11 other existing IMs are firstly investigated in terms of correlation with the nonlinear seismic response, efficiency and sufficiency using the results of incremental dynamic analyses which are performed for a typical single-layer reticulated dome. The hazard computability of this newly proposed IM is also briefly discussed and illustrated. A conclusion is drawn that this dominant vibration mode-based scalar IM has the characteristics of strong correlation, high efficiency, good sufficiency as well as hazard computability, and thereby is appropriate for use in the prediction of seismic response of single-layer reticulated domes.