• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.21-28
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analysis the change of rural house type in Gyeongbuk province. There are 13 Gun(a kind of administrative district) areas in Gyeongbuk province. According to definition of rural area, the scopes of the research of rural houses limited the 12 places rural area(Gun area, excluded Ulleung-Gun) of Gyeongbuk province. The method of study is to compare and analyze about housing situation, structure of house, housing type and housing area etc. through the statistical data of each Gun area and other various data etc. during these 5 years. As a results of the analysis : 1) The supply ratio of housing is steadily decreasing in rural areas. 2) The houses of rural areas are changing from a detached house to multi-household house and small apartment by development near the rural area. 3) The number and area of commercial buildings are gradually increasing because of urbanization of rural areas. 4) The most houses inside area scopes in the rural area was from $60m^2$ to $85m^2$ area. And the family types of rural house are changing from large family to nuclear family and single households. 5) The structure of rural houses is changing from the brick house type to lightweight steel construction house because of cost-cutting of construction and easy way to construct etc.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.30
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• pp.10.1-10.14
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• 2015

Recent cohort studies have relied on exposure prediction models to estimate individual-level air pollution concentrations because individual air pollution measurements are not available for cohort locations. For such prediction models, geographic variables related to pollution sources are important inputs. We demonstrated the computation process of geographic variables mostly recorded in 2010 at regulatory air pollution monitoring sites in South Korea. On the basis of previous studies, we finalized a list of 313 geographic variables related to air pollution sources in eight categories including traffic, demographic characteristics, land use, transportation facilities, physical geography, emissions, vegetation, and altitude. We then obtained data from different sources such as the Statistics Geographic Information Service and Korean Transport Database. After integrating all available data to a single database by matching coordinate systems and converting non-spatial data to spatial data, we computed geographic variables at 294 regulatory monitoring sites in South Korea. The data integration and variable computation were performed by using ArcGIS version 10.2 (ESRI Inc., Redlands, CA, USA). For traffic, we computed the distances to the nearest roads and the sums of road lengths within different sizes of circular buffers. In addition, we calculated the numbers of residents, households, housing buildings, companies, and employees within the buffers. The percentages of areas for different types of land use compared to total areas were calculated within the buffers. For transportation facilities and physical geography, we computed the distances to the closest public transportation depots and the boundary lines. The vegetation index and altitude were estimated at a given location by using satellite data. The summary statistics of geographic variables in Seoul across monitoring sites showed different patterns between urban background and urban roadside sites. This study provided practical knowledge on the computation process of geographic variables in South Korea, which will improve air pollution prediction models and contribute to subsequent health analyses.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.312-318
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Due to recent changes in social structure, single-person households are on the rise worldwide and therefore the interest in the quality of life of singles is increasing, but the research on the relationships related to their diet-related quality of life is scarce. This research analyzes the structural relations in the effect of convenience food satisfaction and quality of life according to dietary style of Korean, Japanese and Chinese singles. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The targets of this study were Korean, Japanese, and Chinese singles, identified as adults between the ages of 25 and 54, having economic capabilities or working and living alone, either legally or in actuality having no partner. A statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS12.0 for Windows and SEM using AMOS 5.0 statistics package. The reliability of these findings was supported by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.6 and higher for all the factors. In an attempt to study the level of satisfaction with convenience food in accordance to dietary style and the quality of life of singles, a structural equation model was constructed and analyzed. RESULTS: Of the three countries, regarding the effect of dietary style on singles' quality of life, the convenience-oriented style was found to have a negative effect on Korean singles' overall quality of life, but a positive effect on Japanese singles' overall quality of life, and a negative effect on Chinese singles' positive psychological aspect of quality of life. In addition, although Chinese singles have a high level of interest in health, they have an overall high level of satisfaction regarding fast food and its nutritional value. CONCLUSIONS: The number of singles in Korea, Japan, and China has been consistently increasing in recent years, and there is a need for continuous interest in their healthy dietary lifestyles in terms of convenience, economy, and taste.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.1357-1366
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• 2017

In the context of domestic consumption environment changes such as expansion of smartphones and increase of single-person households, hypermarket, which was the mainstream of the existing retail market, have recorded negative growth for the last three years due to declining sales. And it is not enough to analyze the influence relationship with other retail channels or investigate the cause of consumption movement. In this study, we analyzed the decline in the growth rate of hypermarket by demographic variables, consumption time, etc. And logistic regression analysis revealed the relationship between the decrease in consumption of hypermarket and the change in the proportion of sales of other retail channels. In addition, we surveyed consumers who have decreased consumption of hypermarket based on actual card consumption data to determine why they choose different retail channels. This is significant in that the result of quantitative analysis of changes in retail channel consumption and the result of qualitative reasoning converged to give a stereoscopic view of consumption.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.11-21
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to gather baseline data on perceived priority of residential choice and housing satisfaction rates among consumers with the aim of using this information for future planning. Self-administered questionnaires were provided to 196 studio-type multi-family housing dwellers in the City of Gwangju from 2009 Apri 5th to 29th. The collected data was used to conduct comparative and descriptive statistical analysis: factor analysis, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis. The main findings obtained are as follows: Firstly, in relation to perceived priority of residential choice, dwellers identified seven factors as important. Secondly, in terms of housing satisfaction about a unit room, the respondents identified five factors as important. This study confirmed that there existed passive correlation between priority of residential choice and housing satisfaction among residents in studio-type multi-family housings in Gwangju. It is very necessary to project a studio-type multi-family housing close to transportation for easy access, avoiding commercial districts. Delicate interior and design will attract more female residents as well as fully-equipped parking lots for people who drive to their workplace. According to research on a degree of housing satisfaction, all respondents expressed dissatisfaction with "noise". Therefore, in dealing with construction plans of studio apartment units, from now on, sound proofing facilities are required to reduce the acoustic invasion of privacy, especially, for units with more than two people. In order to satisfy all the demand of residents in studio apartment units, we have to pursue systematic and succeeding research about a studio-type multi-family housing well-fitted for the actual circumstances of local area and suitable for longer stay. To sum up, more research and development will be required for high-class studio-type multiplex housing for sale in dealing with households with financial stability such as two-paycheck couples, so-called DINK, or a professional single person, in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2011

There are various kinds of Large-Scale apartment sites in Seoul. There are more households in apartment sites than single family houses. Nowadays, it is easy to find a lot of apartment sites built in the style of a high rise building. On the matter of space, a building is influenced by the buildings near it. The influence a building has to another is different in both qualitative and quantitative ways. Therefore, in the case of apartment sites, the environmental surroundings of each household is affected by the nearby buildings. For these reasons, the environment is having more and more influence on the price of each household in apartment sites. This paper has defined Sunshine and Sky as the major environmental elements. In order to be analyzed, they have to be measurable. Thus, there are two types of variables in environmental surrounding of apartment sites, -the Duration of Sunshine and the possible amount of visible Sky- the significant variables which influence the housing price. This paper deals with the relationship between the possible duration of sunshine and the possible amount of sky a household is visible to. It focused on 62 different apartment sites which were built after 1990. It is based on the 3-dimensional Geographic Information System & Computer Aided Engineering for analyzing the sunshine simulation and the viewing simulation. This paper will be helpful for designing the apartment sites considering the balance between sunshine and sky.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.243-252
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• 2020

Recently, the proportion of housing lease has been increasing to an overwhelming level in line with the increase of single-person households and the change in the form of housing. In the normal case, the use of rental-type housing is subject to a housing lease agreement through a licensed real estate agent. In the event of a transaction conclusion, licensed real estate agent shall issue a contract containing the personal information of the lessee, the renter, and the licensed real estate agent to the transaction party. In this case, it is necessary for the lessee to provide the contract to a third party. This paper analyzes relevant laws and regulations and the status of housing transactions, focusing on personal information processed between offline housing lease agreements. And when issuing a contract through IRTS, we propose a way to protect personal information by providing a third party in three forms: information Data Subject-based, Purpose of usage-based De-identification, and Certificate of Contract.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2006

This study was conducted as a survey to find out middle-aged persons's housing preferences for a future elderly housing and to grasp background characteristics of persons influencing the preferences and the effect of elderly's aging situations on the changes of their preferences. A sample of 300 middle-aged people was selected purposely from parents of university students living in Gwang-ju city. Questionnaires were administered to parents by students and analysed with SPSS Windows 10 program. Middle-aged persons's housing preferences were differed according to elderly's aging situations, in the case of healthy situation, they tended to prefer to stay present house without their children in irrespective to couple or single, whereas in the case of unhealthy situation, they tended to prefer to live with their children. and couples showed preferences for planned housing for the elderly and singles showed preferences for elderly housing facilities with care services. The most important characteristics of elderly housing among middle-aged people was a places where they can enjoy leisure and provide home-help services, located in the suburbs. Also middle-aged persons were likely to prefer to a green spaces such as garden, path for walking, and madang for the elderly housing. Needs for community care services (NCCS) were required above the average. Among the items of NCCS, a visiting medical examination was the most demanding, and a visiting nursing services, a emergency calling bell, and home repairs were sequently followed in the level of needs. The characteristics of the elderly housing which preferred to and needs for community care services were influenced by middle-aged persons's age, gender, subjective evaluation of economic abilities, tenure status, the cost of living, and the size of housing. This findings suggests that it must to be considered to develop various types of the elderly housing depending on socioeconomic status.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.137-143
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• 2018

The 4th industrial revolution will have brought smart furniture integrated with IT technology and provide a convenient and comfortable environment for our lives. Therefore, this study analyzed the design characteristics of fusion integrated furniture based on changes of the times. In 20th centuries, characteristic of fusion design was based on architectural structure, new material and function. In 21st centuries, smart home furniture and network system was developed based on IT technology. In addition, due to the increase of single-person households and various consumer purchasing patterns, combined functions for small spaces and multi-function furniture was also developed. In conclusion, the trends of convergence design furniture from 20 to 21st century showed that furniture industry has a significant potential for high-tech technology. This study may be a useful information in developing convergence design furniture industry.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.109-117
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• 2017

It becomes increasingly important to develop sustainable housing to protect environment. The certification system for long-life housing was made to use houses for more than one hundred years in 2014. The long-life housing should be able to meet new demands by change of the population structure; low birthrate, aging and increase of single households. Therefore, it is necessary to suggest a prototype of long-life housing for partial rent. The objective of this study is to suggest a prototype for dividing housing in the long-life validation complex, which has design consideration for dividable house. The construction costs of a prototype for dividing housing is evaluated by comparing with other prototype without regard to dividing housing. The results were as follows: (1) The prototype for diving housing should be added an entrance, bathroom, kitchen for tenant, and above all, maintenance fees for tenant have to be managed seperately from house owner. (2) The equipment system for dividing housing should be designed when planning the space of house. However, design for diving housing should be reflected the unit plan at a minimum on what will and will not happen.