• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.155-162
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• 1999

This study was performed to assess that clinco-therapeutic effect of natural Italian honeybee (Apis mellifera) venom in adjuvant-induced arthritic rat. Ninety Sprague- Dawley rats of male were injected with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA). Adjuvant arthritis was produced by a single subcutaneous injection of 1 mg Mycobacterium butyricum suspended in 0.1 ml paraffin oil into the right hindpaw. Righting reflex was uniformly lost and considered to be the point of arthritis development on day 14 after CFA injection. Experimental groups were divided into three groups. When arthritis was developed in the rat hind-paw, tested groups were administrated with prednisolone (10 mg/kg, p.o) and honeybee venom (one bee, s.c) at an interval of two days. Control group was subcutaneously injected with 0.1 ml of physiological saline solution in the rat at an interval of two days. Clinical findings, hematological values and histopathological findings were observed during or after the drugs administration. In tested groups, the development of inflammatory edema and polyarthritis on day 14 after treatment was suppressed. No significant differences of hindpaw edema volume and lameness score between prednisolone and honeybee venom groups were observed during or after therapeutic drugs treatment. WBC counts of prednisolone and honeybee venom treatment groups as compared with the control group were getting remarkably decreased during or after the therapeutic drugs administration(p＜0.01). Erosions of articular cartilage and inflammatory cell infiltrations during or after the therapeutic drugs treatment was effectively suppressed in natural honey venom.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.218-225
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• 2011

Dual frequency identification sonar (DIDSON) is an imaging sonar that has been used for numerous fisheries investigations in a diverse range of freshwater and marine environments. The main purpose of DIDSON is fish counting, fish sizing, and fish behavioral studies. DIDSON records video-quality data, so processing power for handling the vast amount of data with high speed is a priority. Therefore, a semiautomated analysis of DIDSON data for fish counting, sizing, and fish behavior in Echoview (fisheries acoustic data analysis software) was accomplished using testing data collected on the Rakaia River, New Zealand. Using this data, the methods and algorithms for background noise subtraction, image smoothing, target (fish) detection, and conversion to single targets were precisely illustrated. Verification by visualization identified the resulting targets. As a result, not only fish counts but also fish sizing information such as length, thickness, perimeter, compactness, and orientation were obtained. The alpha-beta fish tracking algorithm was employed to extract the speed, change in depth, and the distributed depth relating to fish behavior. Tail-beat pattern was depicted using the maximum intensity of all beams. This methodology can be used as a template and applied to data from BlueView two-dimensional imaging sonar.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.311-313
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• 2012

A single specimen of Synodus fuscus belonging to the genus Synodus in family Synodontidae was firstly collected from the coastal waters of Jeju Island, Korea. We newly add this species to the Korean fish fauna and propose its new Korean name, "Mo-rae-kkot-dong-myeol". This species was characterized by having no conspicuous pigmented area on operculum. The dorsal fin base is shorter than 1/2 of the head length. The morphological measurements and counts of Synodus fuscus were described in detail and a key to species of the genus Synodus from Korea provided in this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.379-381
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• 2002

A single CdZnTe detector is tested for suitability in a prototype CT/ SPECT system designed to acquire both emission and transmission data. The detector has the size of 1${\times}$l-cm$^2$ with 4${\times}$4 1.5${\times}$l.5mm$^2$ pixellated anodes. Since the detector is smaller than imaged object, we translated it in an arc centered at the x-ray tube to image larger objects. Pulse counting electronics with very short shaping time (50 ns) are used to satisfy high photon rates in x-ray imaging, and response linearity up to 3${\times}$10$\^$5/ counts per second per detector element is achieved. The energy resolution of 122-keV gamma-ray is measured to be 14%. We have characterized the system performance by scanning a radiographic resolution phantom .and the Hoffman brain phantom. The spatial resolution of CT and SPECT are about 1 mm and 7 mm, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.1470-1476
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• 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of low-fat sausages (LFSs) covered with sodium alginate (SA) film alone and with powder film (TSA-film) formed by cross-linking cherry tomato powder (CTP) and SA with calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Methods: Sausages covered with the biodegradable film were assessed based on the measurement of pH, color (L^⋆, a^⋆, b^⋆), proximate analysis, expressive moisture (EM), texture profile analysis, total plate counts (TPC), violet red bile, and 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during storage under refrigeration. LFSs wrapped with TSA-film were compared with those wrapped with SA-film and without film (control) during storage at 10℃ for 35 days. Results: The LFSs covered with the mixed film had lower pH, lightness (L^⋆), EM%, TBARS, and TPC, but lower yellowness (b^⋆) and hardness values than those wrapped with TSA-film alone. Conclusion: Lipid oxidation and microbial growth was retarded in sausages covered with biodegradable films, especially multiple films as compared to single film, thereby resulting in extended shelf-life of the LFSs.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2017

Quantifying the trace elements in infinitesimal ambient liquid samples (e.g., single raindrop, cloud/fog water, and the soluble fraction extracted from the particles collected for a short time) is an important task for understanding formation processes, heating/cooling rates, and their health hazards. The purpose of this study is to employ an in-air micro PIXE system for quantitative analysis of the trace elements in a thimbleful of reference liquid sample. The bag type liquid sample holder originally designed with $10{\mu}m$ thick $Mylar^{(R)}$ film retained the original shape without any film perforation and apparent peaks of film blank by the end of the analysis. As one of tasks to be solved, the homogeneity of the elemental distribution in liquid reference species was verified by the X-ray line profiles for several references. It was possible to resolve the significant peaks for whole target elements corresponding to the channel number of micro-PIXE spectrum. The calibration curves for the six target elements (Si, S, Cl, Fe, Ni, and Zn) in standard solutions were successfully plotted by concentration (ppm) and ROI of interest net counts/dose (nC).

• Toxicological Research
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.381-389
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• 2004

The toxicity of CKD-602 was investigated at doses of 3, 9, and 27 mg/kg in rats, when the same total dose of CKD-602 was administered over 24 hr-continuous infusion or bolus injection. At 3 and 9 mg/kg, the 24-hr infusion group showed a more decreased WBC count on day 3, compared with the bolus group. Administration of CKD-602 caused more toxic effects such as the significant decreases of RBC counts, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and platelet count on day 7 post-administarion in the 24-hr infusion group than in the bolus group. Administration of CKD-602 also caused histopathological changes such as extramedullary hemopoiesis of liver and spleen, hyperplasia of femoral bone marrow, and caecal dilation. These toxic effects were more severe in the 24-hr infusion group than in the bolus injection group, indicating that the toxicity of CKD-602 may be dependant upon the duration of administration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.3 s.70
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• pp.359-364
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• 2005

Spatial autocorrelation was applied to microgeographic variations of Sasa borealis populations in Korea. Separate counts of each type of join (combination of genotypes at a single locus) for each allele, and for each distance class of separation, were tested for significant deviation from random expectations by calculating the Standard Normal Deviation. Moran's I was significantly different from the expected value in 25 of 150 cases $(16.7\%)$. Seven of these values $(4.7\%)$ were negative, indicating genetic dissimilarity among pairs of individuals in the ten distance classes. Populations of S. borealis are small in Korea, and are distributed with occasional cutting of seed-bearing stems used for sieves. Thus, artificial disturbance may contribute to the fact that the S. borealis population of Jirisan is unusual in lacking spatial genetic structure.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2013

Chrysanthemum indicum is widely used to treat immune-related and infectious disorders in East Asia. C. indicum flower oil contains 1,8-cineole, germacrene D, camphor, ${\alpha}$-cadinol, camphene, pinocarvone, ${\beta}$-caryophyllene, 3-cyclohexen- 1-ol, and ${\gamma}$-curcumene. We evaluated the safety of C. indicum flower oil by conducting acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation tests. Mortality, clinical signs and gross findings of mice were measured for 15 days after the oral single gavage administration of C. indicum flower oil. There were no mortality and clinical signs of toxicity at 2,000 mg/kg body weight/day of C. indicum flower oil throughout the 15 day period. Micronucleated erythrocyte cell counts for all treated groups were not significantly different between test and control groups. Levels of 15.63~500 ${\mu}g$ C. indicum flower oil/plate did not induce mutagenicity in S. Typhimurium and E. coli, with or without the introduction of a metabolic activation system. These results indicate that ingesting C. indicum flower oil produces no acute oral toxicity, bone marrow micronucleus, and bacterial reverse mutation.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.743-750
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• 2010

The influence of various fermenting conditions using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, alone (Control, Single) and in combination with mixed lactic acid-producing bacteria (Combined 1, Mixed, Combined 2), including Bifidobacterium longum, Enterococcus faecium, and Lactobacillus acidophilus on flour sourdough preparation was examined. For the Combined 2 method, starters were incubated separately for 15 h, combined, and then further incubated for 10 h. Fermentation using Combined 2 improved the growth of mixed lactic acid-producing bacteria, but inhibited that of S. cerevisiae. This was also reflected in the extent of the pH reduction in sourdough produced in the Combined 2 step by these organisms. Among biochemical activities, $CO_2$ production and titratable acidity were increased by Combined 2, although the viable yeast counts were decreased. Aroma compounds in sourdough markedly varied according to fermentation conditions.