• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1984

The hospital wastewaters have to be so disposed as to prevent disease and to protect water resources from hazardous substances disinfectants, medicines, and chemicals. Polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex (povidone-iodine) is widely used in the hospital as one of disinfectants. This study was carried out to manifest the effect of disinfectants in growth of activated sludge in treatment of the hospital wastewater by the activated sludge process. The results are as follow. 1. An average water quality of the hospital wastewater showed 7.2 in pH, 3.2 ppm in DO, 293.3 ppm in SS, 96.0 ppm in BOD, 151.1 ppm in COD, 0.4 ppm in povidone-iodine, 0.5 ppm in phenols, 5.4 ppm in surfactants, 1.6 ppm in o-phosphate, 4.6 ppm in $NH_3-N, 249\times 10^4$ counts/100 ml in coliform group organisms, and $1,369\times 10^2$ counts/ml in general counts of bacteria. And wastewater amounts discharged per bed was calculated 70 l/d/bed. 2. In batch culture activated sludge process, each of cresol and povidone-iodine was not effected in less than 0.1 ppm concentration, but the more concentration, the more inhibit the growth rate of activated sludge. In the mixture of two disinfectants, the growth was more inhibited the effect of single disinfectants. So that this reaction is considered as addition effect of two disinfectants. 3. The removal rates of the disinfectants-by continuous culture activated sludge process were 77.6% in 0.4 ppm povidone-iodine, and in BOD was 85.6%. 4. It is desirable that the hospital wastewater is planed in order to be discharged to two system separately, sewer from life system and wastewater from medical system. From those results, it has been concluded that the hospital wastewater has to be treated safely by the activated sludge process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.570-576
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• 2004

In this paper, we design the IFFT/FFT (Inverse fast Fourier Transform/Fast Fourier Transform) modules for IEEE 802.11a-1999, which is a standard of the High-speed Wireless LAN using the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing). The designed IFFT/FFT is the 64-point FFT to be compatible with IEEE 802.11a and the pipelined architecture which needs neither serial-to-parallel nor parallel-to-serial converter. We compare four types of IFFT/FFT modules for the hardware complexity and operation : R22SDF (Radix-2 Single-path Delay feedback), the R2SDF (Radix-2 Single-path Delay feedback), R2SDF (Radix-4 Single-path Delay Feedback), and R4SDC (Radix-4 Single-path Delay Commutator). In order to minimize the error, we design the IFFT/FFT module to operate with additional decimal parts after butterfly operation. In case of the R22SDF, the IFFT/FFT module has 44,747 gate counts excluding RAMs and the minimized error rate as compared with other types. And we know that the R22SDF has a small hardware structure as compared with other types.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.spc1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2006

Immmune parameters of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum collected from four tidal flats, Nudong, Gonam, Hwangdo and Bangpo on Anmyeon-do, Korea were optimized and evaluated at the single cell level using flow-cytometry Hemocytes were withdrawn from the sinus of each clam, and total hemocyte counts (THC), phagocytosis rate, hemocyte mortality (HM) and DNA damage of hemocyte were analyzed. The highest hemocyte counts was recorded from the clams collected from Gonam, followed by Hwangdo, Nudong and Bangpo (P<0.001). Phagocytosis rate and hemocyte mortality of Gonam and Nudong clams were significantly higher than those of clams from Hwangdo and Bangpo (P<0.001). DNA damage in the clams from Nudong was higher twice than that of clams from Gonam (P<0.05). We suggest that the flow-cytometry has a high potential for evaluation of immunity of marine bivalves.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.622-628
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• 2009

In the present study, the therapeutic potential of purified and well-characterized bacteriophages was evaluated in thermally injured mice infected with Klebsiella pneumoniae B5055. The efficacy of five Klebsiella phages (Kpn5, Kpn12, Kpn13, Kpn17, and Kpn22) was evaluated on the basis of survival rate, decrease in bacterial counts in different organs of phage-treated animals, and regeneration of skin cells as observed by histopathological examination of phage-treated skin. Toxicity studies performed with all the phages showed them to be non-toxic, as no signs of morbidity and mortality were observed in phage-treated mice. The results of the study indicate that a single dose of phages, intraperitoneally (i.p.) at an MOI of 1.0, resulted in significant decrease in mortality, and this dose was found to be sufficient to completely cure K. pneumoniae infection in the burn wound model. Maximum decrease in bacterial counts in different organs was observed at 72 h post infection. Histopathological examination of skin of phage-treated mice showed complete recovery of burn infection. Kpn5 phage was found to be highly effective among all the phages and equally effective when compared with a cocktail of all the phages. From these results, it can be concluded that phage therapy may have the potential to be used as stand-alone therapy for K. pneumoniae induced burn wound infection, especially in situations where multiple antibiotic-resistant organisms are encountered.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.122-130
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• 2010

Abnormal hematological values are associated with various disorders including cancer and cardiovascular, metabolic, infectious, and immune diseases. We report the copy number variations (CNVs) in clinically relevant hematological parameters, including hemoglobin level, red and white blood cell counts, platelet counts, and red blood cell (RBC) volume. We describe CNVs in several loci associated with these hematological parameters in 8,842 samples from Korean population-based studies. The data that we evaluated included four RBC parameters, one platelet parameter, and one associated with total white blood cell (WBC) count, exceeding the genome-wide significance. We show that CNVs in hematological parameters are associated with some loci, different from previously associated loci reported in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) association studies.

• Fibers and Polymers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.398-403
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• 2006

Dimensional constants (k values) of single jersey fabrics made from $LincLITE^{(R)}$ and conventional yams are calculated under dry, steam, full relaxation treatments. Fabrics were made under different tightness factors such as high, medium and low with different twist factors, twist directions and feeder blending. $LincLITE^{(R)}$ yarns made to get soft and bulkier effects with yam count of 39 tex and conventional yams made into 39 tex and 48 tex yam counts. Various effects on K values are analysed using correlation coefficients. K-values are increased with relaxation progression and have shown some differences between in $LincLITE^{(R)}$ and conventional fabrics, and feeder blended fabrics. Loop shape factor is highly affected by tightness factor, relaxation and feeder blending in $LincLITE^{(R)}$ fabrics, whereas twist factor not significantly effects on loop shape factor in conventional fabrics. Stitch density significantly increases with relaxation in conventional fabrics and no significant effect shows with $LincLITE^{(R)}$ fabrics.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.445-453
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• 2015

A fully integrated cost-effective and low-power single chip Lithium-Ion (Li-Ion) battery protection IC (BPIC) for portable devices is presented. The control unit of the battery protection system and the MOSFET switches are integrated in a single package to protect the battery from over-charge, over-discharge, and over-current. The proposed BPIC enters into low-power standby mode when the battery becomes over-discharged. A new auto release function (ARF) is adopted to release the BPIC from standby mode and safely return it to normal operation mode. A new delay shorten mode (DSM) is also proposed to reduce the test time without increasing pin counts. The BPIC implemented in a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process occupies an area of $750{\mu}m{\times}610{\mu}m$. With DSM enabled, the measured test time is dramatically reduced from 56.82 s to 0.15 s. The BPIC chip consumes $3{\mu}A$ under normal operating conditions and $0.45{\mu}A$ under standby mode.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.226-236
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• 2016

Single-person household is estimated to be about 26.5% of the total household in 2015, which counts as 5060000 in numbers. We opt to acknowledge the various requests of these single residents, and in order to raise their satisfaction, we investigated on how personal taste, psychological interest, and personality attribute affects the user's preference of space organization and furniture in one room housing. Using the qualified psychology program, Enneagram Personality Type Indicator, we surveyed young people under 30 years old (majority of single-person households), regarding space organization and furniture preference. With the help of a specialist, the survey was constructed with appropriate evaluation items (space organization in one room households, bed, sofa, furniture material, etc), and analyzed the relationship between the evaluated items and personality types. Results showed there is a relationship between personality types and spatial structure. First, preference of spatial structure differed for different personality types. Second, the shape and size of furniture was dependent more on the ease of usability and design rather than on the personality types. One thing to consider is that type 1 and 9 accounted for about 50% of the total surveys. This emphasizes that the preferred spatial structure of a dominant specific personality type should not be overlooked.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.676-681
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• 2001

This study was carried out to evaluate the quality characteristics of frozen soy yogurts prepared with different proteolytic enzymes and starter culture. The viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria in frozen soy yogurts were measured $10^8$ CFU/g by the single culture method, while $10^9$ CFU/g by the mixed culture method except ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ treatment. The viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria did not decrease after freezing for 30 min in ice cream maker. The lactic acid bacteria from the mixed culture showed better bile acid tolerance than those from the single culture. The lactic acid bacteria from the frozen soy yogurt prepared with ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ and mixed culture of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactobacillus bulgaricus showed better acid tolerance and bile acid tolerance. The highest(73.45%) overrun was observed in the frozen soy yogurt treated with ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ and mixed culture of B. bifidum and L. bulgaricus. The melt-down percent was higher in the single culture than the mixed culture. In sensory test, the frozen soy yogurt prepared with ${\alpha}-chymotrypsin$ and mixed culture of B. bifidum and L. bulgaricus was the most desirable, the highest scores in sourness, bitterness and mouthfeel.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.886-891
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of children diagnosed with the novel influenza A (H1N1) in the winter of 2009 at a single medical institution. Methods: Out of 545 confirmed cases of influenza A (H1N1) in children, using the real time RT-PCR method at Kosin University Gospel Hospital from September to December of 2009, 149 patients and their medical records were reviewed in terms of symptoms, laboratory findings, complications and transmission within a family. Results: Median age of subjects was 7 years (range: 2 months-18 years). New cases increased rapidly from September to reach a peak in November, then declined rapidly. Most frequently observed symptoms were fever (96.7%), cough (73.2%), rhinorrhea (36.9%) and sore throat (31.5%). Average body temperatures on the 1st, 2nd and 3rd hospital day were $38.75{\pm}0.65^{\circ}C$, $38.08{\pm}0.87^{\circ}C$ and $37.51{\pm}0.76^{\circ}C$, respectively. Complete blood counts and biochemical tests performed on the first admission day showed within the reference values in most cases. Of the 82 patients with simple chest radiography, 18 (22%) had pneumonic lesions; multi-focal bronchopneumonia in eleven, single or multi-segmental lobar pneumonia in five, and diffuse interstitial pneumonia in two patients. All of the 149 patients improved from their symptoms and discharged within 9 days of admission without any late complication. Conclusion: Children with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) at our single institution displayed nonspecific symptoms and laboratory findings, resembling those of common viral respiratory illnesses, and did not appear to develop more severe disease.