• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.251-259
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• 2011

Cigarette smoke condensate (CSC) is known to be carcinogenic compound. CSC contains many organic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heterocyclic amine compounds (HCAs). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are also generated and induce oxidative DNA damage during the metabolism of CSC. The rat microsome mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with conventional comet assay were performed to evaluate the mechanisms of CSC genotoxicity. The organic extract of CSC induced oxidative and microsome mediated DNA damage. Vitamin C as a model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclease III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor, reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. The ethanol extracts of the mixed vegetables (BV) or the mixed fruits (BF) showed potent inhibitory effects against CSC induced DNA damage with oxidative DNA lesions and in the prescence of S-9 mixture. These results indicate that BV and BF could prevent CSC-induced cellular DNA damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing cytochrome P450 in mammalian cells.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.399-407
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• 2006

We evaluated the effects of butterbur (Petasites japonicus Maxim) addition to the diet on lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers such as total glutathionine, TBARS value, carbonyl value, GPx, GR, SOD and paraoxonase activity in the plasma or liver of mice. The distribution of body fat deposition, total cholesterol (TC) contents, and atherogenic index in the plasma were significantly decreased in the butterbur group. The levels of GSH and the activity of GR and SOD were significantly higher in the liver of the butterbur group than in that of the control group. Lipid oxidation of the liver and kidney and protein oxidation of the liver and heart were decreased in the butterbur group. Additionally, the DNA damage, as determined using the comet assay (single cell gel assay) with alkaline electrophoresis and as quantified by measuring the tail length (TL), was decreased in the butterbur group. The results of the present study showed that a diet with added butterbur exerts degenerative disease-protective effects on oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.249-254
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• 2005

The ethanol extracts of the mixed vegetables (Bioactive Vegetables, BV) and the mixed fruits (Bioactive Fruits, BF) were evaluated for their in vivo antioxidant activities. Four weeks treatment of oral administration was performed to mice. A $KBrO_3$ as a potent oxidant was used to induce the oxidative stress for in vivo experiment. BV and BF were shown to possess the significant inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation as measured by the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) formation although the potencies were not higher than those of well-known antioxidants such as vitamin C, trolox and quercetin. Furthermore, BV and BF inhibited DNA damage assessed by single cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) and reduced the micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of peripheral blood. Antioxidants tested also revealed potent inhibitory activities higher than BV and BF. These antigenotoxic activity profiles were similar to that of abovementioned inhibition of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, BV and BF having mild antioxidant activity as functional food candidates may be useful natural antioxidants by the inhibiting of lipid peroxidation and the protecting oxidative DNA and chromosomal damage.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.155-160
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• 2005

Electrolyzed reduced water (ERW), showing extremely negative oxidation-reduction potential, was used to investigate the effects of paraquat-induced damages on DNA from human lymphocyte. The effect of ERW on paraquat-induced oxidative DNA damage in human lymphocytes was evaluated by Comet assay (single-cell gel electrophoresis) quantified as percentage fluorescence in tail. Comet assay has been used widely to assess the level of the DNA damage in individual cells. Lymphocytes were oxidatively challenged with various concentrations of paraquat for 30 min at $37^{\circ}C$, and were then treated with electrolyzed reduced water for 30 min. The oxidative DNA damage by paraquat, as indicated by the fluorescent tail in DNA, increased in a dose-dependent manner. However, oxidative damage of the DNA was almost completely prevented upon treatment with electrolyzed reduced water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.178.2-178.2
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• 2003

To develope the novel anti-allergic drug, many sophoricoside derivatives were synthesized. Among these derivatives, JSH-II-3, JSH-Ⅵ-3, JSH-Ⅶ-3, and JSH-Ⅷ-3 were selected and subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong IL-5 inhibitory activity and limitation of Quantity. Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase ($tk^{+/-}$) gene assay(MOLY) and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in mammalian cells were used as HTTS tool in our laboratory. (omitted)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.414-420
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• 2006

The present study evaluated the effects of pomegranate peel (Granati pericarpium) extract on the lipid profiles and antioxidant biomarkers in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet: the measured biomarkers included the TBARS value, GPx, GR, SOD and GST activities. Body fat depositions were significantly decreased in the group that received pomegranate peel. In addition, the activities of GPx, GST and SOD were significantly higher in the liver and plasma of the pomegranate peel group than in the control group. Also, the pomegranate peel diet decreased lipid peroxidation of the liver and kidney. Alkaline single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) showed that the DNA damage in the plasma of the pomegranate peel group was decreased compared to that of control. The present results show that a diet with added pomegranate peel exerts protective effects against oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation possibly via effects on the free radical levels in mice fed a high fat and cholesterol diet.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.95-96
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• 2001

The mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of catechin, hamamelitannin and two proanthocyanidin fractions prepared from the bark of Hamamelis virginia L. - a commonly used medicinal herb - were investigated in a human derived hepatoma (Hep G2) cell line using the single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE, syn. Comet assay) for the detection of DNA-migration. The cells possess different phase I and phase II enzymes involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics.(omitted)

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.1 no.3
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• pp.172-178
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• 2005

[ $21{\alpha}$ ]- and ${\beta}$-Methylmelianodiol were isolated as the inhibitor of IL-5 bioactivity from Poncirus tripoliata. To develope as an anti-septic drug, the genotoxicity of $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ was subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong IL-5 inhibitory activity and limitation of quantity. Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase ($tk^{+/-}$) gene assay (MOLY), single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in mammalian cells and Ames reverse mutation assay in bacterial system were used as simplified, inexpensive, short-term in vitro screening tests in our laboratory. These compounds are not mutagenic in S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains both in the presence and absence of metabolic activation. Before performing the comet assay, $IC_{20}$ of $21{\alpha}-methylmelianodiol$ was determined the concentration of $25.51\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;21.99\;{\mu}g/mL$ with and without S-9, respectively. Also $21{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ was determined the concentration of $24.15\;{\mu}g/mL\;and\;\;22.46\;{\mu}g/mL$ with and without S-9, respectively. In the comet assay, DNA damage was not observed both $21{\alpha}-methylmelianodiol\;and\;21{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ in mouse lymphoma cell line. Also, the mutant frequencies in the treated cultures were similar to the vehicle controls, and none of $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ with and without S-9 doses induced a mutant frequency over. twice the background. It is suggests that $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ are non-mutagenic in MOLY assay. The results of this battery of assays indicate that $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$ have no genotoxic potential in bacterial or mammalian cell systems. Therefore, we suggest that $21{\alpha}\;-and\;{\beta}-methylmelianodiol$, as the optimal candidates with both no genotoxic potential and IL-5 inhibitory effects must be chosen.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.185-185
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• 2003

To develope the novel anti-allergic drug, many sophoricoside derivatives were synthesized. Among these derivatives, JSH-II-3, JSH-Ⅵ-3, JSH-Ⅶ-3, and JSH-Ⅷ-3 were selected and subjected to high throughput toxicity screening (HTTS) because they revealed strong IL-5 inhibitory activity and limitation of quantity. Mouse lymphoma thymidine kinase (tk$\^$+/-/) gene assay (MOLY) and single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) assay in mammalian cells were used as HTTS tool in our laboratory. In MOLY assay, JSH-Ⅶ-3 at 50 ∼ 6 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml concentrations was not shown significant mutagenic effect in the absence and presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. However, the concentration of ISH-II-3, 38 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml, induced increased mutation frequency (MF) in the presence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Also in comet assay, DNA damage was not observed in JSH-Ⅵ-3 and JSH-Ⅶ-3, wherase concentration of 32.8 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in JSH-II-3 and 13.9 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml in JSH-Ⅶ-3 were induced DNA damage in the absence of S-9 metabolic activation system. Therefore, we suggest that JSH-Ⅵ-3 and JSH-Ⅶ-3 have no genotoxic effects but JSH-II-3 and JSH-Ⅷ-3 induce some mutagenicity and DNA strand breaks in mouse lymphoma cell line used this study.