• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.872-882
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• 2016

A novel pseudo-continuous conduction mode (PCCM) voltage-fed single-stage power factor correction (PFC) full-bridge battery charger is proposed in this paper. By connecting a freewheeling transistor in parallel with an input inductor, the PFC cell can operate in the PCCM with a constant duty ratio. Thus, the dc/dc stage can be designed using this constant duty ratio and the restriction on the duty ratio of the PFC cell is eliminated. As a result, the input current distortion is less and the dc bus voltage becomes controllable over the wide output power range of the battery charger. Moreover, the operation principle of the dc/dc stage is designed to be similar to that of a conventional phase-shifted full-bridge converter. Therefore, it is easy to implement. In this paper, the operation of the new converter is explained, and the design considerations of the controller and key parameters are presented. Simulation and experimental results obtained from a 1 kW prototype are given to confirm the operation of the proposed converter.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.50-56
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• 2014

Purpose: Rollover motor vehicle crashes have a higher injury severity and fatality than other motor vehicle crash types. From a left-quarter turn rollover accident of 25-passenger bus, we intend to assess the injury of the occupant and the injury severities according to the occupants' position. Methods: We carried out the 3 steps investigation of occupants' interview, visiting the repair shop and using the police report. We analyzed injuries sustained by occupants, and compared injury severities considering column, row in occupant's position and passenger interaction Results: The rollover involved 14 passengers in the bus who were all old women except a man driver. The most common injury was in the upper extremity, with six occurrences being a left clavicle fracture. Major injuries including hemothorax and pneumothorax were diagnosed at left side of the occupant. In the comparison of injury severity among driver's column (left side), mid column and passengercolumn, ISS of passenger column was the highest ($9.9{\pm}7.4$, $8.8{\pm}5.5$, and $10.3{\pm}4.0$, respectively, p>0.05). The injury severity of multiple occupants by row was higher than that of single occupant (10.8 vs. 3, p<0.05). Conclusion: An occupant must fasten their seat belt to prevent an injury by passenger interaction in the left-quarter turn rollover accident of a bus.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.915-923
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• 2008

This paper focuses on optimal tuning of nonlinear parameters of a dual-input power system stabilizer(dual-input PSS), which can improve the system damping performance immediately following a large disturbance. Until recently, various PSS models have developed to bring stability and reliability to power systems, and some of these models are used in industry applications. However, due to non-smooth nonlinearities from the interaction between linear parameters(gains and time constants of linear controllers) and nonlinear parameters(saturation output limits), the output limit parameters cannot be determined by the conventional tuning methods based on linear analysis. Only ad hoc tuning procedures('trial and error' approach) have been used. Therefore, the steepest descent method is applied to implement the optimal tuning of the nonlinear parameters of the dual-input PSS. The gradient required in this optimization technique can be computed from trajectory sensitivities in hybrid system modeling with the differential-algebraic-impulsive-switched(DAIS) structure. The optimal output limits of the dual-input PSS are evaluated by time-domain simulation in both a single machine infinite bus(SMIB) system and a multi-machine power system in comparison with those of a single-input PSS.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.12-20
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• 2006

Heavy chemical industries have nonlinear loads including electrolyzers. The electrolysis consists of AC-BC converters which generate harmonic currents and create distortions on the sinusoidal voltage of the power system. This paper provides in depth an analysis on harmonics field measurement for the electrolyzer loads, adding a single-tuned filter at the customer bus for reducing harmonic distortion and harmonic assessment by the international harmonic standards IEC 61000-3-6 and IEEE Std. 519. The EDSA program was used as a simulation tool for the case study.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.746-755
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• 2009

Recently, NMEA2000 became the de facto standard of the communication protocol for the instrument level network in vessels, and it is anticipated that most of the vessels will be equipped with the sensors and actuators based on this protocol. The conventional serial communication specifications such as RS-232, RS-485, or even NMEA0183 are single-talker/multiple-listener and interconnection among multiple sensors and/or actuators usually results in a bundle of wires. On the other hand, NMEA2000 is a true bus type(multiple-talker/multiple-listener) protocol and theoretically up to 256 instruments can be hot-plugged. With the advent of the protocol, it is necessary to consider a new type of monitoring system for the instruments in vessels: In most traditional serial communication environments, a dedicated monitor or user interface was necessary for each sensor or actuator as it was simply not easy to collect data in a single place. With NMEA2000, the collection of various types of information is simple. An embedded system can be employed to combine, to arrange and to display informations from various types of devices. Assuming that the actuators and sensors on a vessel are interconnected by NMEA2000 standard, we devise a tentative interactive vessel monitoring system in which the following 4 kinds of informations are collected and delivered: the navigation, engine, weather and tanks informations.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.225-233
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• 2001

SIME(SIngle Machine Equivalent) method has been recognized as a useful tool to determine transient stability of power systems. In this paper, SIME method is used to develop the KEPCO transient stability assessment (TSA) tool. A new screening algorithm that can be implemented in SIME method is proposed. The salient feature of the proposed screening algorithm is as follows. First, critical generators are identified by a new index in the early stage of the time domain simulation. Thus, computational time required to find OMIB(One Machine Infinite Bus) can be reduced significantly. Second, clustering critical machines can be performed even in very stable cases. It enables to be avoid extra calculation of time trajectory that is needed in SIME for classifying the stable cases. Finally, using power-angle trajectory and subdividing contingency classification have improved the screening capability. This algorithm is applied to the fast TSA of the KEPCO system.

• Journal of KIEE
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-61
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• 2001

SIME(Single Machine Equivalent) method has been recognized as a useful tool to determine transient stability of power system. In this paper, SIME method is used to develop the KEPCO transient stability assessment (TSA) tool. A new screening algorithm that can be generators are identified by a new index in the early stage of the time domain simulation. Thus, computational time require to find OMIB(One Machine Infinite Bus) can be reduced significantly. Second, clustering critical machines can be performed even in very stable cases. It enables to be avoid extra calculation of time trajectory that is needed in SIME for classifying the stable cases. This algorithm is applied to the fast TSA of the KEPCO system in the year of 2010.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

Large steel industries have nonlinear loads including electric arc furnaces. These nonlinear loads generate harmonic currents and create distortions on the sinusoidal voltage of the power system. This paper provides an in depth analysis on harmonics field measurement of the electric arc furnace loads, adding a single-tuned filter at the customer bus for reducing harmonic distortion and harmonics assessment by the international harmonic standards IEC 61000-3-6 and IEEE Std. 519. The EDSA program was used as a simulation tool for the case study.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.21 no.2 s.53
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• pp.127-138
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• 2006

In urban areas, diesel exhaust particles (DEP) are probably a major component of particulate matters, especially in Korea where drive many diesel vehicles. The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of DEP using single ceil gel electrophoresis. In order to evaluate the mechanisms of DEP genotoxicity, the rat microsome mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with conventional comet assay were performed. Total diesel particles (DEPT) was collected without site fractionation from diesel engine bus and dichloromethane extract was obtained. The organic extract of DEPT revealed DNA damage itself in NIH/3T3 cells. The level of DNA breaks plus oxidative DNA lesions and microsome mediated DNA damage was assessed by modified single cell gel eletrophoresis. DEPT was able to induce oxidative DNA damage as well as microsome mediated DNA damage. Vitamin C as an model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclase III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor. reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. $DEP_T$ is the sources of oxidative stress, but antioxidants can significantly reduce oxidative DNA dmage. And $DEP_T$ may contain indirect mutagens which can be inhibited by CYP1A1 inhibitors. The ethanol extracts of the mixed vegetables (BV) or the mixed fruits (BF) were evaluated for their in vitro antigenotoxic effects. BV and BF showed potent Inhibitory effects against DEPT induced DNA damage with oxidative DNA lesions and in the prescence of S-9 mixture. These results indicate that BV and BF could prevent cellular DNA damage by inhibiting oxidative stress and suppressing cytochrome P4501A1 in cell culture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.559-561
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• 2005

CAN(Controller Area Network)은 시스템이 간단하고 저렴하게 구현 할 수 있는 필드버스(Field bus)로써 1980년대 독일의 BOSCH사에 의해 자동차 제어용 네트워크로 개발되었고, 실시간 계측제어 능력이 우수하여 산업전반(산업 자동화, 건을 자동화, 의료 장비, 열차, 중장비 차량)에 사용되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 CAN의 단일 마스터 시스템(Single Master System)에서 마스터 노드에 문제가 발생할 때, 전체 시스템이 다운되는 현상을 악기 위해 마스터 노드를 동적으로 변화시키는 동적 마스터 시스템(Dynamic Master System)을 제안하고 기존의 시스템과 비교하여 시스템의 가용성을 알아보았다.