• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2005

Transition of momentum-controlling hydrogen jet to buoyant jet is experimentally investigated in order to develop a prediction model for the moving trajectory of hydrogen leaked from hydrogen devices. In the experiments, room-temperature helium, that has a similar density to the hydrogen leaked from high pressure tank, is horizontally injected through a 4mm tube and its moving trajectory is visualized by the shadowgraph method. The moving trajectories are found to be parabolic, thereby exhibiting increasing influence of the buoyancy. In analyzing the experimental results, the vertical movement is assumed to be controlled by the buoyancy while the horizontal movement is controlled by the air entrainment caused by the initial momentum. The resealing based on this assumption yields a single curve fitting to the all experimental results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.463-467
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• 2004

Rosette-type diffusers with four-ports per riser are constructed in relatively shallow water in Korea. However, the trajectorial bending phenomena due to lower-pressure inside the surrounded buoyant jets on the riser was not considered in most models and was not observed without any experimental results. The buoyant jet behavior affected by the bending effect where there have been growing interests need to be verified experimentally and need to be preceded in the analysis of the characteristics of the buoyant jets oil a riser. The hydraulic model experiments have been carried out to investigate the characteristics of the behavior of horizontal buoyant jets discharged from a Rosette-type riser with four ports as well as single port over a certain range of the experimental conditions including initial momentum and initial buoyancy using LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) system to obtain concentration fields. The intensity of the fluorescent light in each pixel on the images obtained from LIF system with the tracer of Rhodamine H was converted to the local dye concentration with a set of calibration procedures to account for the non-uniform distribution of light intensity and the attenuation of light energy by water medium. The experimental results shows that the trajectories from Your ports tend to bend more and more to the inner side with the increase of the densimetric Froude number while the buoyant jet from a single port rises up without any bending phenomena. The previous models, VISJET and Seo et al. (2002), do not simulate the trajectories well except the region before the bending section. This study will focus on the analysis of the behavior of the buoyant jets for mainly a Rosette-type riser by conducting hydraulic model experiments using LIF system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.389-396
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• 2008

The hybrid model can be used to predict the initial near field mixing and the far field transport of the buoyant jets, which are discharged from the submerged wastewater ocean outfall. In the near field, the jet integral model can be used for single port diffusers while the ${\sigma}$ transformed particle tracking model was used in the far field. In this study, the experimental study was performed to verify the developed hybrid model in the previous research. The developed hybrid model properly predict the surface and vertical concentration distribution of the single buoyant jets with various effluent and ambient conditions. The hybrid model can also simulate the surface concentration distribution of the rosette diffuser except for the parallel diffuser with the higher densimetric Froude number due to the assumption that dynamic effects of the effluent plumes are negligible in the far field. The application of the hybrid model to rosette diffusers can predict the concentration near the diffuser more accurately when the line-plume approximation is used.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.611-618
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• 2001

The flow characteristics of a turbulent buoyant jet were experimentally investigated using a single-frame PIV system. The Reynolds number based on the nozzle exit velocity and nozzle diameter was about Re=5$\times$10$^3$. The instantaneous velocity fields in the streamwise plane passing the jet axis were measured in the near field X/D <11 with and without the temperature gradient. By ensemble averaging the instantaneous velocity fields, the spatial distributions of mean velocity, vorticity, and higher-order statistics up to third order were obtained. The temperature difference of 10$\^{C}$ does not affect a significant influence to the flow structure in the near field, but the total entrainment rate is increased slightly. The entrainment rate shows a linear variation with the streamwise distance in the region after X/D=5.0.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.166-177
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• 2005

This study developed the jet integral model to analyze the behavior of the wastewater discharge in the near field using the fourth order Runge-Kutta method in order to numerically solve the problems of six ordinary differential equations and six unknowns. This jet integral model used the entrainment hypothesis and the manipulation of sonle shape constant. This study also conducted the hydraulic experiments fnr single horizontal buoyant Jet using LIF through the calibration procedure. The results calculated by the previous models, CORMIX 1 and VISJET, and the proposed jet integral model were compared to the hydraulic experimental results. The centerline trajectories predicted by the proposed model were in good agreements with the experimental results in the transition region whereas the trajectories calculated by the VISJET model agreed well with the measured data in the momentum and buoyancy-dominated regions. The centerline dilution calculated by the proposed model agreed generally with the measured dilution in the intial and transition regions while the centerline dilution predicted by the CORMIX 1 was in good agreements with the experimental results in the momentum and buoyancy-dominated regions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.259-268
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• 2005

There has been a growing interest in the elimination of anoxic layer in the Youngsan River Estuarybecause the anoxic water mass caused mainly by the inflow of fresh water from the sea wall might cause the mass reduction of benthos during summer. An ocean outfall system to discharge treated wastewater into sea water may be used as one of the effective and economical ways to eliminate the anoxic layer. The suitable ocean outfall design is generally proposed for the prediction of the buoyant jet behavior in the near field. The parameters including CTD and current data are taken into account f3r more reliable buoyant jet behavior calculation. One of the numerical models, CORMIX 1, approved by EPA is used herein for the prediction of the trajectorial variation of the cross-sectional salinity and DO concentration distribution on the calculated buoyant jet boundary according to the tidal periods. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that the single port outfall is a useful system to eliminate the anoxic layer. Proper strategies are also proposed for achieving desirable ambient conditions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1011-1015
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• 2005

본 실험에서는 부력 조건이 달라질 때 단공방류구에서 정체수역으로 수평방류되는 부력제트의 거동을 규명하였다. LIF (Laser Induced Fluorescence) 시스템을 이용하여 수행하였는데, LIF 시스템은 고해상도의 이미지를 취득할 수 있어 데이터의 정확도가 높으며, 동시에 한 평면상의 농도장을 일시에 측정할 수 있는 장점이 있는 기술이다. LIF 시스템은 크게 세부분으로 구성되어 있는데 방출시스템, 포착시스템, 처리시스템이 그것이다. 실험 조건을 고려해서 온수를 이용하여 주변수와의 밀도차를 재현하였으며, LIF 시스템의 추적입자로 형광염료 Rhodamine B를 사용하였다. 또한, 실험 데이터 취득과정에서 필요한 검정과정을 수행하였는데, LIF 시스템에서 검정과정은 레이저 입사광의 강도가 불균등한 분포를 가지는 점과 주변수의 매질에 의한 근의 감쇠가 발생하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 것이다. LIF 시스템은 부력제트의 농도장을 매우 정밀하게 측정할 수 있는데, 방류밀도 Froude 수가 변함에 따라 측정된 순간이미지를 통해 제트의 진화과정을 상세하고 가시적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 검정과정을 거친 농도 종단면에서 중심선의 연장선이 LIF 시스템에 의해 측정된 순간이미지의 중심선 궤적과 거의 일치하는 것도 알 수 있었다. 또한 LIF 시스템을 통해서 취득된 단일수평부력제트의 궤적과 중심선 희석률을 기존의 상용모형인 VISJET과 CORMIX1에 의해 예측된 결과와 비교$\cdot$분석한 결과, 제트 중심선 궤적의 경우, LIF 시스템을 이용한 측정값은 대체로 VISJET 모형의 결과와 일치하는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 중심선 희석률의 경우, LIF 측정값은 대체로 CORMIX1 모형, Cederwall(1968)의 경험식과 일치하는 경향을 보였다.0\%$일 때가 밸브를 $60\%$와 $80\%$ 개폐시켰을 때보다 $0.3kg/cm^2,\;0.29kg/cm^2$ 낮게 나타나 밸브를 전체 개방 했을 때 관로내의 수압이 상수설계기준에 적합한 수압을 유지함을 알 수 있다. 상수관로 설계 기준에서는 관로내 수압을 $1.5\~4.0kg/cm^2$으로 나타내고 있는데 $6kg/cm^2$보다 과수압을 나타내는 경우가 $100\%$로 밸브를 개방하였을 때보다 $60\%,\;80\%$ 개방하였을 때가 더 빈번히 발생하고 있으므로 대상지역의 밸브 개폐는 $100\%$ 개방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주었다.특히