• 대한기관윤리심의기구협의회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.6-22
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• 2020

Purpose: Clinical studies require institutional review board (IRB) approval based on the ethical principle and regulations. While the number of clinical studies has been increased and diversified, duplicated IRB review for multi-center studies has become a major issue. Therefore, single IRB system has been suggested in revised Common Rule. This study aimed to identify and assess the current status of single IRB in Korea and the anticipated needs of single IRB from researchers and IRB member or administrators. Methods: We developed 14 questions including perceived advantages and disadvantages of single IRB, and anticipated problems. The online survey collected opinions on single IRB from researchers, IRB members and IRB administrators. We also interviewed five IRB administrators who have an experience of single IRB. Results: A total of 80 responses were analyzed in this study. Although efficiencies were suggested for the advantages of single IRB in terms of reducing burden of duplicated review, respondents also perceived that the different review criteria between single IRB and each IRB would be a major hurdle for adopting single IRB system. Therefore, the standardization of standard of procedures (SOP) and the standardization of IRB submission materials should be preceded. According to the small group experiences of single IRB in Korea, we also observed the similar anticipated problems of single IRB. Conclusion: Single IRB system has many advantages for conducting multi-center trial. However, many specialists still have a lot of concerns about introducing a single IRB system in Korea. Therefore, a gradual, step-by-step process for conducting a single IRB system in Korea will be needed. Many studies for improving currently suggested single IRB system and the improvement of awareness about the essential of single IRB system would be needed.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.507-519
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to explore the general trends and the correlations of parent-child conflicts, copings, and psychological well-being of single mothers and their children, and to analyze the variables explaining relationships between single mothers and their children. The subjects were 196 dyads of single mothers and their children who reside in Gwangju city and Jeonnam area. The data were analyzed with frequency, t-Test, Pearsons' r, and multiple regression by SPSS. The major findings are as follows: 1. Scores of single mothers and their children had conflicts and emotion-focused copings lower than median. Another scores of single mothers and their children had significantly higher problem solving focused copings and emotion-focused copings than their children except life satisfaction; 2. Conflicts, copings, life satisfaction, and depression of a single mother were positively related to those of children; 3. Life satisfaction of single mothers depends on the reason for spouse-loss, their own education background, and problem solving-focused copings. Also, that of children depends on problem solving-focused copings, mother-child conflicts, and the mothers' education. Depression of single mothers is dependent upon mother-child conflicts, emotion-focused copings, and mothers' education. Also, that of children is upon mother-child conflicts, emotion-focused copings, mothers' education, and problem solving-focused copings.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.69-87
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• 2002

Implant material, implant design, surface quality, status of the bone, surgical technique, and implant loading conditions were regarded as prerequisites for osseointegration which is a prime condition for implant success. The aim of this review paper was to investigate the survival rate of single implants in relation to the prerequisites for osseointegration. Fifty-eight papers reporting survival rates of single implants were selected by use of the 'PubMed' and hand searching. The survival rate of single implants were assessed with reference to factors influencing osseointegration. The results showed that single implants in general showed a high survival rate except a few failures in certain extreme conditions and early stages. Those failures and complications such as screw loosening and esthetic problem were almost solved with the development of implant components and surgical techniques and a better understanding of biology around a single implant. Single-tooth implant-replacement is now considered as a reliable and predictable treatment option for a single missing tooth and its application seems to expand to compromised situations which were previously thought to be impossible for single implant therapy.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.185-196
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• 2003

In this paper, the single-phase static VAR compensator (SVC) is applied to regulate and stabilize the generated terminal voltage of the single-phase self-excited induction generator (single-phase SEIG) driven by a variable-speed prime mover (VSPM) under the conditions of the independent inductive load variations and the prime mover speed changes The conventional fixed gain PI controller-based feedback control scheme is employed to adjust the equivalent capacitance of the single-phase SVC composed of the fixed excitation capacitor FC in parallel with the thyristor switched capacitor TSC and the thyristor controlled reactor TCR The feedback closed-loop terminal voltage responses in the single-phase SEIG coupled by a VSPM with different inductive passive load disturbances using the single-phase SVC with the PI controller are considered and discussed herem. A VSPM coupled the single-phase SEIG prototype setup is established. Its experimental results are illustrated as compared with its simulation ones and give good agreements with the digital simulation results for the single-phase SEIG driven by a VSPM, which is based on the SVC voltage regulation feedback control scheme.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activity of affected lower extremity by unaffected lower extremity exercise and tried to examine muscle activity of affected lower extremity of hemiplegic patients were caused by stroke according to wearing single strap hemisling or non-wearing. Methods : We measured muscle activity of affected lower extremity when wearing single strap hemisling to affected lower extremity or non-wearing according to unaffected lower extremity used MP 150 Eletromyogram. Results : 1) Muscle activity of gluteus medius muscle was the highest D1 before wearing single strap hemisling. 2) Muscle activity of hamstring muscle was the highest D3 after wearing single strap hemisling. 3) Muscle activity of quadriceps muscle was the highest D5 after wearing single strap hemisling. 4) Muscle activity of tibialis anterior muscle was the highest D1 after wearing single strap hemisling. 5) Muscle activity of soleus muscle was the highest D2 before wearing single strap hemisling. Conclusion : Wearing single strap hemisling of hemiplegic patients had effect on muscle activity of gluteus medius but didn't effect gluteus medius, hamstring, quadriceps, tibialis anterior muscle and soleus muscle.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.43-47
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• 1990

An attempt was made to grow Y-Ba-Cu-O single crystals by skull method(cold crucible process). Grown YBa2Cu3O7-x(YBC) single crystals were obtained from the upper part of the YBC solid mixture. There were plate-like YBC single crystals aligned with solidified flux along the crystal growth direction. Single crystal size was (5$\times$2$\times$0.2㎣) and was grown to a-b plane of YBC crystal structure which can flow super currents. Optical microscope and X-ray diffraction were employed characterize these microstructure and YBC single crystals.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.37-54
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• 2002

This study examines longitudinal patterns of financial kin support and welfare given to single mother families using life table techniques. Drawing on the 1985-1993 Panel Study of Income Dynamics(PSID), I followed 560 single mothers from the time they began a single motherhood spell. About 30 percent of these single mothers received financial support from relatives, and 40 to 50 percent received AFDC and Food Stamps, respectively. Results indicate that kin support is more likely to be given in a transitional period and tends to decrease over time. In comparison, receiving welfare appears positively time-dependent.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2007년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.318-320
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• 2007

Single-phase cycloconverters are widely used for ac-ac power conversion especially for speed control of ac drives. In this paper, a new single-phase to single-phase Z-source cycloconverter topology is proposed. The proposed single-phase Z-source cycloconverter can boost to a desired voltage with various frequency. Thus, it is called a frequency step-down and amplitude voltage step-up converter. The operating principle of the proposed topology is presented. Analysis and simulation for this single-phase Z-source cycloconverter are also presented.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.885-892
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• 2010

In this paper we study the structures and properties of a single cycle T-finction, whose theory has been lately proposed by Klimov and Shamir. Any cryptographic system based on T-functions may be insecure. Some of the TSC-series stream ciphers have been successfully attacked by some attacks. So it is important to analyze every aspect of a single cycle T-function. We study some properties on a single cycle T-function and we show some examples are single cycle T-functions by these properties, whose proof is easier than existing methods.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2002

Since 100PPM Qualify Certification System has been established by the Industrial Advancement Administration in 1995, 1000PPM Quality Innovation Movement has contributed much to the enhancement of quality competitiveness of Korea's parts industry. And in 2000, raised to a higher level, Single PPM Quality Certification System has been established by the Small and Medium Business Administration. Single PPM Qualify Innovation Movement seeks to reduce the number of defects to below 10 out of one million industrial items produced. Ultimately, Single PPM Quality Innovation Movement aims at achieving perfection, by enabling a zero defect rate in industrial production through the participation of all members of an organization. So this study aims to show the tangible and intangible effects of Single PPM Quality Certification System. and to suggest a methodology to improve current problems of Single PPM Quality Innovation Movement.