• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Bel canto singing technique on voice quality in patients with vocal bowing and sulcus vocalis. Five patients with vocal bowing, and five patients with sulcus vocalis participated in the study. Each subject was assessed acoustically (Jitter, Shimmer, NNE) in the first and last session. Dr. Speech (version 4.0, Tiger-DRS) was used to compare acoustic parameters of pre- and post-treatment. The Bel canto singing technique consisted of breathing exercises, relaxation exercises, and phonation exercises. The results showed that the Bel canto singing technique tended to be effective on improving voice quality in patients with organic voice disorders.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.380-389
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• 2012

Purpose: This study was conducted to describe the risk of dysphagia and to evaluate the effects of a singing intervention for women elderly in community. Methods: One-group pre test-post test design was used. The subjects were 29 women over the age of sixty and residing in a local area. A singing intervention consisted of breathing, vowel production and singing. The one hour intervention occurred once a week for eight weeks. The variables of dysphagia risk, a swallowing test, and nutritional status were measured. Analysis was done by paired t-test. Results: There was a significant decrease in the score of dysphagia risk (p<.001). There were significant increases in the swallowing test scores [modified water swallowing test (p=.032), food test (p=.001)]. There were no significant differences in nutritional status (triceps skin fold thickness, mid arm muscle circumference). Conclusion: The findings support that a singing intervention can be helpful in reducing the risk of dysphagia may improve deglutition for the women elderly. These results suggest that this study may contribute to the use of a singing intervention for women elders with dysphagia risk.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2008

Habitual speaking fundamental frequency (sF0) plays an important role in determining the voice classification, which can be presented differently depending on the vocal fold length and language habits. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the differences in sF0 for voice classification and closed quotient between speaking and singing. Seventeen singers (7 sopranos, 5 tenors, 5 baritones, mean age 25.1 years) with no evidence of vocal folds pathology were participated. sF0 and closed quotient (CQ) both in speaking and in singing (A3-A5 with soprano, A2-A4 with tenor and baritone) were measured using SPEAD program and electroglottography. No significant differences were observed for sF0 between tenor and baritone groups (p> 0.05). However, CQ in singing was significantly different among three groups (p< 0.05), but CQ in speaking was not (p> 0.05). Furthermore, CQ was significantly different with both soprano (p< 0.01) and tenor groups ((P= 0.02) whereas baritone group revealed there is no difference when compared between speaking and singing. No significant differences in sF0 between tenor and baritone participants may result from decision-making for voice classification by experience and should measure sF0 before determining the voice classification.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.53-63
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• 2015

Singing voice synthesis is the generation of a song using a computer given its lyrics and musical notes. Hidden Markov models (HMM) have been proved to be the models of choice for text to speech synthesis. HMMs have also been used for singing voice synthesis research, however, a huge database is needed for the training of HMMs for singing voice synthesis. And commercially available singing voice synthesis systems which use the piano roll music notation, needs to adopt the easy to read standard music notation which make it suitable for singing learning applications. To overcome this problem, we use a speech database for training context dependent HMMs, to be used for singing voice synthesis. Pitch and duration control methods have been devised to modify the parameters of the HMMs trained on speech, to be used as the synthesis units for the singing voice. This work describes a singing voice synthesis system which uses a MusicXML based music score editor as the front-end interface for entry of the notes and lyrics to be synthesized and a hidden Markov model based text to speech synthesis system as the back-end synthesizer. A perceptual test shows the feasibility of our proposed system.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.25-35
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• 2021

Middle-aged women experience diverse psychological and physical stresses and tensions through the menopause, aging, and taking up too many social roles, which often leads to sleep disorder. But there are not many scientific researches on the issue. Therefore, the research of efficacy of singing bowl that helps relax middle-aged women who have sleep disorder is needed to improve their health. This study was conducted with Giorgi's phenomenological method with 4 middle-aged women with sleep disorder, whose Pittsburgh sleeping quality scale marked over 5 points, who took part in singing bowl experience for 40 minutes and did the interview. The study resulted in following conclusions that through participants' singing bowl experience, 518 constructive meanings, 15 meaning units, 7 sub components, and 2 group subjects were drawn up. Firstly, when participants took part in the singing bowl experience, they underwent physical, mental, imagery experiences which are physical pain and muscle relaxation, mental relaxation, and positive mindset and imaginary images and colors. Secondly, physical changes that the participants felt after singing bowl experience was increased physical relaxation, improved physical symptoms and more physical activities, and psychologically participants also felt reduced anxiety, increased happiness and positive mentality. And behavioral changes are relaxed movements, increased activities, and improved sleep is huge benefit through changes of sleep pattern. In this study, singing bowl is confirmed to be effective both physically and psychologically on relaxing the middle-aged women's tensions that are caused by sleep disorders and singing bowl experience is meaningful in that the middle-aged women as well as modern people with the sleep disorders can be helped to have better lives.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.43-51
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• 2023

Purpose : This study suggests that the unique chakra arrangement of Tibetan singing bowls resembles the mantra of chakra lotus in the tantric tradition and the structure of chakra ascent, The two aim at the liberation of consciousness and confirm that they have a body, mind, and conscious healing mechanism. Methods : First, the structural characteristics of Tibetan singing bowls arrangement and chakra lotus mantra arrangement were investigated through the consideration of previous studies. Next, the healing mechanism of Tibetan singing bowls, which has been learned in Nepal, was examined through previous studies and literature to clarify that the rise of chakra in the two systems has a balance of body, mind, and consciousness and aims at liberation of consciousness. Results : The arrangement of Tibetan chakras is similar to the mantra of chakra lotus. Both have a structure in which the auxiliary sound of the previous chakra is interlocked with the structure of being the main sound of the next chakra to raise the chakra. At this time, the rise of the chakra is the liberation of consciousness by the ultimate purpose. Conclusion : Tibetan chakra are structurally similar to chakra lotus mantras and chakra ascents, as they have a theoretical background to tantric traditions. Chakra is the quality of inner consciousness that is conveyed to the outside and expressed in its own actions. Therefore, chakras should be well coordinated to lead our lives healthily. In this point, the chakra arrangement of Tibetan singing bowls is a system that exposes the inner balance to the outside and heals us more directly. Therefore, Tibetan singing bowls therapy has an integrated medical value in restoring our mind and body balance. Because chakras are dimensions of consciousness, the study of chakras is abstract or lacking, so more systematic and scientific study of chakras is needed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2023

This study investigated the effects of continuous Singing Bowl healing on brainwaves and autonomic nervous system responses. The variations in brainwaves were measured during 45-minute sessions in eight participants, before and after Singing Bowl healing sessions to assess the changes in brainwaves before and after five weeks of Singing Bowl healing treatment. BioBrain BIOS-S8 was used to obtain brainwave measurements. Electrodes were placed on six channels: F3, F4, T3, T4, P3, and P4. A standard limb lead I with electrodes was used for electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements. Using the collected brainwave data, changes in brain waves were observed before and after five weeks of Singing Bowl healing. Beta waves, alpha waves, and sensorimotor rhythm were found to have reduced, while theta waves, delta waves, and the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals in heart rate variability had increased. These results indicate that continuous Singing Bowl healing over five weeks can stabilize brainwaves, activate the autonomic nervous system, and increase the relaxation-inducing effects of the parasympathetic nervous system.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 2009

This study attempted to investigate vocal characteristics and differences in gender and voice classification among classical singers. Twenty-three female singers (M = 23.1 yrs, SD = 3.6 yrs, average 6.3 yrs singing experience, all classified as sopranos) and twenty male singers (M = 25.2 yrs, SD= 3.6 yrs, average 6. 3 yrs singing experience, 8 tenors, 12 baritones) were recruited to participate in the present study. Speaking fundamental frequency (FO), closed quotient (CQ), MPT (Maximum Phonation Time), breathing types, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), and singers' formants were measured. In addition, vibratory patterns were observed using stroboscopy. Sfo, singing CQ, breathing types, formant frequency in singers' formants, MIP, MEP, and MPT were significantly different from gender to gender. Generally, singers' formants were observed in male singers and also the pattern of singers' formants was different between tenors and baritones. Lower singing CQ values were observed than speaking CQ values in the female singers (P<.001). Furthermore, MEP, MIP, and singing CQ were significantly lower for female singers than for males singers (P<.001). MPT and speaking FO, however, were not significantly different between tenors and baritones.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.127-130
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• 2022

This paper is a study on singing voice synthesis modeling using a generator loss function, which analyzes various factors that may occur when applying BEGAN among deep learning algorithms optimized for image generation to Audio domain. and we conduct experiments to derive optimal quality. In this paper, we focused the problem that the L1 loss proposed in the BEGAN-based models degrades the meaning of hyperparameter the gamma(𝛾) which was defined to control the diversity and quality of generated audio samples. In experiments we show that our proposed method and finding the optimal values through tuning, it can contribute to the improvement of the quality of the singing synthesis product.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.724-729
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• 2016

Environmental factors that affect the singing of cicadas have not been studied extensively, especially those affecting the cicadas' singing during the nighttime. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the effects of tropical night and light pollution on the cicadas' singing in a downtown area. The study sites were an apartment complex in Seocho-gu, Seoul, and the Chiaksan National Park in Wonju-si. The study subjects were Hyalessa fuscata and Cryptotympana atrata, which are the dominant species in Korea during summer. Cicada songs were recorded 24 hours a day, every day. The recording period was between July and August, lasting 25 days at the Seoul site and 14 days at the Chiaksan National Park. Temperature, precipitation, humidity, and amount of sunshine were selected as the environmental factors that potentially affect the cicadas' singing. Statistical analyses included correlations of meteorological factors with the cicadas' singing per hour, per 24 hours, and at nighttime (21:00~04:00). The results showed that: 1) H. fuscata began singing during the dawn hours, and the singing increased in intensity early in the morning. C. atrata's singing reached its peak in the morning and afternoon, ceased during sunset hours, thereby exhibiting a difference in the singing pattern of the two species. 2) The frequency of singing by H. fuscata decreased when C. atrata began to sing intensively in numbers, thereby exhibiting interspecific influence. 3) The results of the correlation analysis between meteorological factors and the singing of H. fuscata and C. atrata showed that both species tended to sing more when the temperature was higher and sang less on rainy days. 4) When limited to nighttime only, C. atrata showed a tendency of singing when the nighttime temperature was high ($24-30^{\circ}C$, average $27^{\circ}C$), whereas H. fuscata did not show a correlation with meteorological factors. However, since H. fuscata sang during the night in areas with artificial lighting, it was concluded that its singing was due to light pollution.