• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.552-558
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• 2011

Hypsizigus marmoreus is a wild mushroom commonly consumed in South Korea due to its beneficial effects on health. In the present study, the general chemical and inorganic-element composition, the total amino acid contents, and the volatile-flavor compounds of H. marmoreus were investigated for food uses. The proximate compositions consisted of 60.1% carbohydrate, 32.0% crude protein, 8.98% moisture, 5.0% ash, and 2.0% crude lipid. The minerals in H. marmoreus were found to be as follows; potassium (429.5 mg), phosphorus (101.9 mg), sodium (20.3 mg), magnesium (54.86 mg), calcium (2.7 mg), zinc (0.8 mg), iron (0.7 mg), manganese (0.2 mg), and copper (0.1 mg), based on 100 g of mushroom dry weight. Seventeen kinds of total amino acids were found in H. marmoreus, with the glutamine acid content being the highest (2,340 mg/100 g), followed by the asparagine, serine, arginine, and leucine contents. The volatile-flavor components of H. marmoreus were collected via simultaneous steam distillation extraction (SDE), and were analyzed via gas chromatography-massspectrophotometry (GC-MS). A total of 17 volatile-flavor compounds were identified, including eight aldehydes, seven alcohols, one acids, and one other compounds. The most abundant compound was 2,3,6-trimethy1 pyridine, which accounted for more than 40% of the total volatiles; other important compounds were 1-octen-3-o1, buty1hydroxytoluene (BHT), isoocty1 phthalate, 3-octanal, 1-undecanol, and 2-amylfuran. These results provide preliminary data for the development of H. marmoreus as an edible food material.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.427-433
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• 2009

Volatile flavor compounds from the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai were extracted by HE (Hydrodistillation extraction), SDE (Simultaneous steam distillation & extraction), and SFE (Supercritical fluid extraction system), and analyzed by GC-MS. The amount and the number of chemical components in essential oils from shoot and root by SFE was the higher than those by other extraction methods. Respectively, thirty one constituents were identified from the essential oil of the shoot and root by HE, twenty seven and twenty three constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SDE, thirty one and forty five constituents were identified from the essential oil of shoot and root by SFE. The result showed large differences in extraction methods and in plant parts of Angelica gigas Nakai. Also, the bioactive compounds in root part was identified as nodakenin and decursinol (11.95% and 8.42%, respectively) by SFE. These results suggested that SFE was the best extraction method for the increasing of extraction yield, the determination of volatile components and the increasing of bioactive compounds in the shoot and root of Angelica gigas Nakai.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.717-722
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• 2015

D-limonene included in citrus fruits is obtainable to extract essential oil as well as separate the oil ingredient. Soxhlet extraction, a type of SDE (Simultaneous steam Distillation and solvent Extraction), was used to extract limonene from tangerine peel. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify extracted d-limonene by using reversed-phase HPLC column. Results of HPLC analysis showed that the optimal extraction time was 2 hours in any solvent, and the extracted amounts of d-limonene in tangerine peel (per g tangerine peel) were 7.77 mg, 0.49 mg, and 0.28 mg in ethyl alcohol, n-hexane, and ether. Because yield was the highest in using ethyl alcohol as a solvent, polarity is stronger factor to effect on yield of extraction than boiling point.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.278-285
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• 1996

We identified volatile components of traditional Korean soy sauce and soybean paste which had been manufactured with the same traditional Meju with a view to improving the quality of traditional Korean soy sauce and soybean paste. All of the volatile components were extracted by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction (SDE) apparatus. To obtain more detailed information, whole volatile components were separated into fractions. The volatile components of the whole and of each fraction were identified by GC-mass and Kovat's retention index. Sixty two and eighty six components were identified in traditional Korean soy sauce and soybean paste, respectively. Many aroma components of traditional Korean soy sauce differ from those of traditional Korean soybean paste. It was confirmed that many aroma components of traditional Korean soy sauce and soybean paste are completely different from those of Japanese fermented soy sauce (Shoyu) and soybean paste (Miso).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.481-489
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• 1994

Volatile flavor compounds in low salt-fermented anchovy pastes by adding koji(Koji), compared with Control, were analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation -solvent extraction /gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Volatile compounds (106) were detected inboth samples during fermentation. Among these, 79 compounds were positively identified and were composed mainly of aldehydes, esters, alcohols, ketones, nitrogen-containing compounds, aromatic hydrocarbons, and furans. Aldehydes and esters were found higher amounts that other compounds in both samples. Alkylpyrazine, such as 2, 6-dimethylpyrzine, 2-ethyl-6-methylpyrazine, trimethylpyrazie, 2-ethyl-3, 5-dimethylpyrazine and tetramethylpyrazine, and also 2-phenylethanol were identified only in Koji.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2000

Volatile flavor components of two strawberry (Fragaria ananassa Duch.) varieties, Bogyojosaeng and Suhong, ere extracted by SDE(Simultaneous steam distillation and extraction) using a mixture of n-pentane and diethylether (1:1, v/v) as an extract solvent. Analysis of the concentrate by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of 146 and 153 components in Bogyojosaengand Suhong respectively. There were 49 esters, 25 alcohols, 20 ketones, 24 aldehyds, 6 acids, 9 terpenes and terpene derivatives, 2ethers, 11 unknowns and miscelaneous in Bogyojosaeng and 67 ethers, 9 unknowns and miscellaneous in Suhong. Among these, (E)-2-hexenyl acetae (4.56%) in Bogyojosaeng and (E)-nerolidol (12.38%) in Suhong were major compounds and aceticacid, (E)-2-hexenal, hexyl acetate, ethyl acetate, ethyl butanoate, methyl butanoate, ethyl hexanoate and ${\gamma}$-dodecalactone were the main components in each sample, though there were several differences in composition and threshold of volatile compounds. Total contents of volatile components isolated and identified in Bogyojosaeng an Suhong were 9.010 and 12.527 mg/kg, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 1999

To compare the composition of volatile flavor components of three different cultivars of rice, Hyangnambyeo (aromatic cultivar), Heugjinjubyeo (pigmented cultivar) and Dongjinbyeo (normal cultivar), the volatile flavor components of brown rice were isolated by Likens-Nickerson simultaneous steam distillation and extraction apparatus. The flavor concentrates obtained were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 65 components, including 14 aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, 7 aliphatic alcohols, 8 aromatic alcohols, 13 hydrocarbons, 9 esters, 7 aliphatic acids, and 7 miscellaneous components were identified. The aliphatic aldehydes, which are known as contributors to the overall flavor of cooked rice, were present in larger amounts in Hyangnambyeo than in Heugjinjubyeo and Dongjinbyeo, while the difference in quantity of these components between Heugjinjubyeo and Dongjinbyeo was not remarkable. Hyangnambyeo and Heugjinjubeyo contained 562 ng and 259 ng of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline per gram of brown rice based on dry weight, respectively, which is a key compound contributing to the popcorn-like aroma in aromatic rice. Dongjinbeyo contained about 6 ng.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.441-446
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• 2006

Volatile flavor compounds in meat of the blue crab Portunus trituberculatus were compared using vacuum simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction (V-SDE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME)/ gas chromatography (GC)/ mass selective detection (MSD) methods. A total of 100 volatile flavor compounds were identified by both methods: 77 by V-SDE and 59 by SPME. These compounds were composed of 17 aldehydes, 12 ketones, 19 alcohols, 5 esters, 4 sulfur-containing compounds, 6 nitrogen-containing compounds, 23 aromatic compounds, 6 hydrocarbons, 2 terpenes, and 6 miscellaneous compounds. Although more compounds were detected using V-SDE than using SPME, the levels of all groups detected, except esters, were higher using SPME than using V-SDE. In addition to trimethylamine, aldehydes, and aromatic compounds, the S- and N-containing compounds with low thresholds are thought to have positive roles for flavors in the meat of the blue crab.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.143-147
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• 1989

The volatile compounds of McIntosh apples were separated and identified at the stage of climacteric maximum. 21 compounds were identified from head space method and classes of that were 13 kinds of esters, 6 of alcohols, an aldehyde and a ketone. From simultaneous steam distillation-extraction method, 37 compounds were identified and classes of that were 20 kinds of esters, 14 of alcohols, 2 of aldehydes and a ketone. Esters were the most abundant flavor component in the both methods and next was alcohols.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.719-724
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• 1992

Volatile components in Korean salt-fermented anchovy were analyzed by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Seventy-three volatile compounds were detected in sample. Among these, 58 compounds were positively identified and were composed mainly of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, nitrogen-containing compounds, esters, sulfur-containing compounds, furans and miscellaneous compounds. The amounts of aldehydes was the highest in flavor compounds detected in sample and next followed by alcohols, furans, esters and ketones. In particular, the following high ratios were observed : 3-methylbutanal, 1-penten-3-ol, ehtylacetate, 2-ethylfuran.