• Title/Summary/Keyword: simultaneous purification

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A Simultaneous Design of TSK - Linguistic Fuzzy Models with Uncertain Fuzzy Output

  • Kwak, Keun-Chang;Kim, Dong-Hwa
    • 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.427-432
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    • 2005
  • This paper is concerned with a simultaneous design of TSK (Takagi-Sugeno-Kang)-linguistic fuzzy models with uncertain model output and the computationally efficient representation. For this purpose, we use the fundamental idea of linguistic models introduced by Pedrycz and develop their comprehensive design framework. The design process consists of several main phases such as (a) the automatic generation of the linguistic contexts by probabilistic distribution using CDF (conditional density function) and PDF (probability density function) (b) performing context-based fuzzy clustering preserving homogeneity based on the concept of fuzzy granulation (c) augment of bias term to compensate bias error (d) combination of TSK and linguistic context in the consequent part. Finally, we contrast the performance of the enhanced models with other fuzzy models for automobile MPG predication data and coagulant dosing process in a water purification plant.

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Method for the Detection of Mutagenicity of Fried Fish (고온가열된 어류의 돌연변이성 검색을 위한 시료 추출방법)

  • 이은주;반경녀;이영근;심기환;하영래
    • Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.106-114
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    • 1995
  • A method was developed to detect total mutagenicity of fried fish for S. typhimurium TA98, using Ames assay. Method described herein circumvented problems associated with the sample preparation for Ames assay, i.e., a multi-purification step of sample and interference with solvent residuals. Experiment A, the best method developed in the present study, consisted of two important steps: pH adjustment of the aqueous sample solution from fried fish samples to remove impurities, and simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE) for partially purified samples to remove volatile compounds from solvents. The procedure and results were described as below. Fillet of gizzard shad (Konosirus punctatus) fish sample fried for 10 min each side on the temperature-controlled fry-pan (210$\circ$C) was homogenized in an aqueous acidic solution (pH 2) with a homogenizer, followed by filtration through Celite. The tiltrate (pH 2), removed some impurities by extraction with chloroform:methanol (2:1, v/v) mixture, was adjusted pH to 10 and then centrifuged to remove precipitate. The ethylacetate extract from the tiltrate of pH 10 was rotoevaporated and purified by SDE apparatus for 2 hours. Experiment A revealed significantly higher revertants (1928 per 25 g fried sample) than other Experiment (B, C, or D) tested. Experiment A gave good results in the mutagenicity test of fried fish sample with few purification steps using only 25 g fried sample and 650 ml of solvents; and thus this method could be a useful tool for the screening the mutagenicity or antimutagenicity of other foods as well.

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Simultaneous Purification of Enterotoxin A and C by Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography (FPLC에 의한 Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A와 C의 동시분리)

  • Lee, Jung-Hee;Kim, Jong-Bae;Shin, Heuyn-Kil
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.856-861
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    • 1988
  • A new method developed for simultaneous purification of enterotoxin A and C from Staphylococcus aureus strain L 350/1 consisted of chromatography on carboxymethyl (CM)-cellulose using a buffer of variable pH, gel filtration on Ultro gel, and fast protein liquid chromatography(FPLC) using a buffer of variable pH. The enterotoxin A and C were purified by three steps: batchwise adsorption from culture supernatant on Amberlite CG-50; chromatography on CM-cellulose using a buffer of constant pH and molarity; and gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The purified enterotoxin appeared homogeneous by gel diffusion and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Upon treatment with CM-cellulose using a elution of variable pH, enterotoxin A and C were so close that they were not separated completely. After elution from gels, the enterotoxins appeared as a single peak at the same position. Gel filtration gave a reaction of complete identity to enterotoxin A and C in Ouchterlony immunodiffusion. In FPLC using a CM-cellulose, enterotoxin A and C were simultaneously separated at pH 8.6 and 6.8. When each fraction was performed to gel immunodiffusion, at peak of enterotoxin A and C were not detected each other. In a method of elution by pH-gradient was to be more efficient as a simultaneous separation method in terms of speed, yields and simplicity. The purified toxin A and C were identical to type A and C reference enterotoxin on both disc electrophoresis and Ouchterlony gel diffusion.

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Effective Water Treatment Process by Hollow Fiber MF Membranes; VAS(Vibrating & Stripping by Air ) Process (에너지절약형 VSA MF Membrane 수처리 시스템)

  • 김정학
    • Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1999.10a
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    • pp.93-116
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    • 1999
  • MF membrane element was specially designed for water purification and VSA process which can solve the fouling problem. Especially VSA process is developed for the SK Chemicals' asymmetric microfiltration hollow fiber membranes. In case of outside-to-in filtration process, MF membrane element showed the excellent flux stability caused by cleaning ability of VSA process . Simultaneous back-washing with VSA consideratbly enhances cleaning efficiency. From the result the possibility of the replacement of chemical coagulation and sand filtration process with newly developed VSA process was revealed.

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EFFECTIVE WATER TREATMENT PROCESS BY HOLLOW FIBER MEMBRANES : VAS (VIBRATING & STRIPPING BY AIR) PROCESS

  • Kim, Jeong-Hak
    • Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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    • 1999.07a
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    • pp.63-66
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    • 1999
  • MF membrane element was specially designed for water purification and VSA process which can solve the fouling problem. Especially VSA process is developed for the SK Chemical's asymmetric microfiltration hollow fiber membranes. In case of outside-to-in filtration process, MF membrane element showed the excellent flux stability caused by cleaning ability of VSA process. Simultaneous back- washing with VSA considerably enhances cleaning efficiency. Form the result, the possibility of the replacement of chemical coagulation and sand filtration process with newly developed VSA process was revealed.

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Studies on the Simultaneous Determination of VNA and TSNA by GC - TEA (Gas chromatography-Thermal Energy Analyzer에 의한 휘발성 니트로소아민과 담배 특유의 니트로소아민들의 동시 분석연구)

  • Rhee, Mun-Su;Ji, Sang-Woon;Park, Yang-Su
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.174-184
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    • 1993
  • This is to investigate the methodology for the simultaneous determination of Wk, mk and TSNA using gas chromatography(GC) in combination with chemiluminescence detector, thermal energy analyzer(TEA) . The simultaneous analysis has been estimated by evaluating tobacco. The TEA was linked to GC equipped with non -polar SPB -5 fused silica capillary column which was introduced into the ceramic pyrolysis tube by the point of 16cm from the end of TEA. Quantification was carried out by internal standardization with WDPA after calibration of retention times and response factors with authentic nitrosoamines. It was demonstrated that WDPA was most preferable as internal standard for the simultaneous analysis. The recoveries of the internal standard were in the range of 83∼96% . Nitrosoamines in this method were detected with determination limit of 0.1ng and was made by a straight line in calibration curve by TEA response. The suitability of nitrosoamines extraction in tobacco leaf was investigated. It was most suitable to extract nitrosoamines from tobacco leaves with 0.01 M NaOH within a period of 8 hours. Thimerosal as an antibacterial agent was added to NaOH solution to prevent artifactual formation. The fractionation and the purification of nitrosoamines form alkaline extracts were conveniently performed using Extrelut multilayer column and dichloromethane. Reproducible and reliable results were obtained for the determination of nitrosamines in a relatively short time compared to previous known method. TSNA contents in burley were about 4 times higher as those in the fluecured tobacco.

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Direct Detection of Shigella flexneri and Salmonella typhimurium in Human Feces by Real-Time PCR

  • Yang, Young-Geun;Song, Man-Ki;Park, Su-Jeong;Kim, Suhng-Wook
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.17 no.10
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    • pp.1616-1621
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    • 2007
  • We have established a SYBR Green-based realtime PCR method using AnyDirect solution, which enhances PCR from whole blood, for direct amplification of the virA gene of Shigella flexneri and the invA gene of Salmonella typhimurium from human feces without prior DNA purification. When we compared the efficiency of conventional or realtime PCR amplification of the virA and invA genes from the supernatant of boiled feces supplemented with S. flexneri and S. typhimurium in the presence or absence of AnyDirect solution, amplification products were detected only in reactions to which AnyDirect solution had been added. The detection limit of real-time PCR was $1{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. flexneri and $2{\times}10^4\;CFU/g$ feces for S. typhimurium; this sensitivity level was comparable to other studies. Our real-time PCR assay with AnyDirect solution is simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific, and allows simultaneous detection of S. flexneri and S. typhimurium directly from fecal samples without prior DNA purification.

Direct Multiplex Reverse Transcription-Nested PCR Detection of Influenza Viruses Without RNA Purification

  • Song, Man-Ki;Chang, Jun;Hong, Yeong-Jin;Hong, Sung-Hoi;Kim, Suhng-Wook
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.19 no.11
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    • pp.1470-1474
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    • 2009
  • This paper describes the development a of direct multiplex reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, devised for simultaneous detection and typing of influenza viruses. This method combines the direct reverse transcription reaction without RNA purification with the enhancement of sensitivity and specificity of nested PCR. The method successfully detected three major human influenza viruses: influenza virus A subtype 1 (H1N1) and subtype 3 (H3N2), and influenza B virus (B). The minimum number of virus particles (pfu/ml) necessary for detection in spiked saliva samples was 200 (H1N1), 140 (H3N2), and 4.5 (B). The method's sensitivity and simplicity will be convenient for use in clinical laboratories for the detection and subtyping of influenza and possibly other RNA viruses.

A Rapid Method of Ginsenoside Analysis in HPLC by Pretreatment through the reverse-phase minicolumn (역상소형컬럼 전처리를 이용한 Ginsenoside의 신속정량법)

  • Lee, Mee-Kyoung;Lim, Sun-Uk;Park, Hoon
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.164-172
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    • 1988
  • The solvent separation step in the conventional method for quantitative analysis of ginsenosides was substituted by purification through a small reverse-phase $C_18$-column resulting in the decrease of analysis time by one fourth. New method showed high recovery of total ginsenosides but low recovery in protopanaxatriol-ginsenosides. Sugars did not affect the recovery by the amount in usual root sample. Coefficient of variation in recovery of ginsenosides was lower in the rapid minicolumn method. Optimum load of ginsenosides to minicolumn was 10 to 15 mg. The rapid minicolumn method showed highly significant correlation with the solvent separation method for dried root and red ginseng. For the rapid minicolumn method a small acryl device was used for the simultaneous extraction of 8 samples. This method appeared to be beneficial in cost and for the health of analyst.

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Reverse-Phase HPLC Method for Identification of Diastereomeric Constituents from Sasa borealis (Sasa borealis의 Diastereomeric 성분들의 역상 고속액체크로마토그래프 분석방법)

  • Jeong Yeon Hee;Lee Jun;Kwon Youngjoo;Seo Eun-Hyoung
    • YAKHAK HOEJI
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    • v.50 no.1
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    • pp.21-25
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    • 2006
  • Reiterated normal-phase column chromatography lead to the isolation and purification of six known compounds but for the first time from the whole plant of Sasa borealis (Hack.) Makino (Gramineae): tricin 4'-O-(erythro-${\beta}$-guaia-cylglyceryl) ether (1), tricin 4'-O-(threo-${\beta}$-guaiacylglyceryl) ether (2), tricin 4'-O-[erythro-${\beta}$-guaiacyl-(9'-O-acetyl)-glyceryl] ether (3), tricin 4'-O-[threo-${\beta}$-guaiacyl-(9'-O-acetyl)-glyceryl] ether (4), (-)-pinoresinol (5), and vanillin (6). The structures of the compounds (1-6) were established based on interpretation of high resolution NMR (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY) spectral data. In particular, compounds 1 and 3 were diastereomers of compounds 2 and 4, respectively. These two sets of diastereomers were able to be simultaneously identified and quantified by a gradient reversed-phase HPLC method with UV photodiode array, This sensitive HPLC method is noteworthy as a simultaneous separation and identification method to test the extract of the family Gramineae which contains these compounds.